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大学英语四级最新题型备考终版.ppt

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1、大学英语四级精讲,自2013年12月考次起,全国大学英语四、六级考试委员对四、六级考试的试卷结构和测试题型作局部调整。调整后,四级和六级的试卷结构和测试题型相同。 考试采用“多题多卷”模式,即在同一考场内采用内容不同的试题组成的多套试卷实施考试。,。,你知道四级的答题顺序吗?,作文,翻译,听力,选词填空,传统阅读,在答题纸1上作答, 完成后交答题纸1.剩下题目在答卡2上作答.,长篇阅读(匹配),时间流程表 (9:00-11:30),8:40-9:00 入场、试音时间 9:00-9:10 播放考场指令,下发考试材料 9:10-9:40 作文考试 9:40-10:10 听力考试 10:10-10:

2、15 收答题卡一 10:15-11:25 所有题目在答题卡二上作答收答题卡二,成绩报道,成绩报道分为总分和单项分。单项分包括:1)听力,2)阅读,3)翻译和写作,过级分数线四级426分,六级426分;高分分数线四级550分,六级520分。,注意,1.因为答题纸1要提前交,所以一定要抓紧时间做作文和听力,必须在规定时间内完成。 2.做完听力后,剩下65分钟时间,要完成的题目有:一篇选词填空,一篇长篇阅读和两篇仔细阅读文章,一篇段落翻译。时间短,题量大,一定要注意时间的分配。 3.听力和阅读占70%。所以四级考试的成绩主要由听力和阅读能力决定。,四级考试备战方案,1、在规定的时间内做至少10套近年

3、的真题,熟悉真题的难度,检验自身的水平,了解自己的弱项,确定恰当的备战目标。 2、以真题为最主要的备考资料,认真听讲,熟记方法,仔细揣摩,反复练习(尤其是听力和阅读)。 3、树立必胜的信心。四级考试并没有想象中那么难以通过。只要方法得当、练习适度、词汇量足,定能顺利甚至高分通过。 4、要有恒心。只依赖技巧,不做任何准备和练习的考试是不会成功的。,写 作,2分 条理不清,思路紊乱,语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误,且多数为严重错误。 5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚,文字勉强连贯;语言错误相当多,其中有一些是严重错误。 1

4、1分 切题。表达思想清楚,文字连贯,但有少量语言错误 14分 切题。表达思想清楚,文字通顺,连贯性较好,基本上无语言错误,仅有个别小错。 注:白卷,作文与题目毫不相关,或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。,评分标准 1本题满分为15分 2阅卷标准共分五等:2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。,大学英语四六级考试作文评分标准 字数要求:四级写作在2002年6月以后要求不少于120词。字数不足会酌情扣分. 高分作文特点:1.内容切题文章要结构完整、内容充实(包含提纲、图表、图画和题目要求的所有信息)、主题突出、上下文内容统一。,2.表达清楚文章要具有清晰的层次和充分有力的论证。中西方文化差异

5、造成汉语和英语的思维方式和文字表述方式截然不同;汉语多习惯概括描述。而英语更注重事实论证。所以,写英语作文不要过多地进行心理、环境描写,而是要用理由和实例来说明问题和论证观点。,3.文字连贯语言表达要流畅,能使用恰当的连接词,使前后语句逻辑清晰、意思连贯,不互相矛盾,不东拉西扯。4.句式多变为避免文章平淡、呆板,可使用不同的句式,如强调句、倒装句、否定句等。长短句要合理相间,用短句表达有力的结论,用长句体现严密的逻辑。,5.语言规范用词要准确,并能表现出足够大的词汇量。所用语言符合英语的表达习惯;不出现有语法错误的句子和不合理的断句;正确使用平行结构。 写作注意事项: 1.遵循要求 4.文体统

6、一 2.卷面整洁 5.内容一致(单复、时态等) 3.字数达标 6.检查到位,避免语言错误,主谓一致 单复一致 时态一致 词组搭配 单词拼写,以3套真题为例,三段落式 write a short essay on the topic of Online Shopping. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1. 现在网上购物已成为一种时尚2. 网上购物有很多好处,但也有不少问题3. 我的建议 切题语言连贯 语言第一位结构第二位内容第三位,结构:常用的“启、承、转、合” 表达方法,1 “启”

7、按顺序:First, Firstly, First of all, At first, In the first place, In the beginning, To begin with, To start with, For one thing, On the one hand 当前:Now, At present, recently, lately, 一般而言:In general, generally speaking, as a matter of fact,2 “承” 按顺序:second, secondly, beside this, in addition, furtherm

8、ore, moreover, what is more, 举例子:for example/instance, as an example, as another example; namely, 换言之:in other words, in particular, 扩展:after that, afterwards, from now on, similarly, meanwhile, at the same time,3“转” 转折:but, yet, however, nevertheless, though, although, despite, in spite of, on the

9、contrary, unlike, on the other hand, 4 “合” 结尾: In conclusion; In short; In summary; Therefore; Thus; To sum up; To conclude; consequently, To summarize; Briefly; Above all; As a result; at last; eventually; accordingly;,5. 插入语Apparently,evidently,however, surely, indeed, briefly, fortunately ,amazin

10、gly, undoubtedly most important of all ,even worse ,strange enough, after all, to ones surprise, to be exact, roughly speaking, in other words, as a matter of fact,表示原因的常用句型,1)There are three reasons for this. 2)The reasons for this are as follows. 3)The reason for this is obvious. 4)The reason for

11、this is not far to seek. 5)The reason for this is that. 6)We have good reason to believe that.,例如: There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life. Firstly,peoples living standard has been greatly improved. Secondly,most people are well paid, and they can afford what they n

12、eed or like. Last but not least,more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.,表示好处的常用句型,1) It has the following advantages. 2) It does us a lot of good. 3) It benefits us quite a lot. 4) It is beneficial to us. 5) It is of great benefit to us.,例如:Books are like friends. They can help us know the

13、 world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons. Therefore,reading extensively is of great benefit to us.,表示坏处的常用句型,1) It has more disadvantages than advantages. 2) It does us much harm. 3) It is harmful to us.,例如:However,everything divides into two. Television can also be harmful

14、to us. It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television.,表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能,1)It is important (necessary,difficult, convenient, possible) for sb. to do sth. 2)We think it necessary to do sth. 3)It plays an important role in our life.,例如: Computers are now bei

15、ng used everywhere,whether in the government,in schools or in business. Soon, computers will be found in every home,too. We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.,表示措施的常用句型,1)We should take some effecti

16、ve measures. 2)We should try our best to overcome(conquer)the difficulties. 3)We should do our utmost to do sth. 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted(faced)with.,例如: The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,we must take some effecti

17、ve measures to solve it.,表示变化的常用句型,1)Some changes have taken place in the past five years. 2)A great change will certainly be produced in the worlds communications. 3)The computer has brought about many changes in education.,例如:Some changes have taken place in peoples diet in the past five years. Th

18、e major reasons for these changes are not far to seek. Nowadays,more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein,and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins.,表示事实、现状的常用句型,1)We cannot ignore the fact that. 2)No one can deny the fact that. 3)There is no denying the fact that. 4)

19、This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.,例如:We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution.To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution.The government on its part should also design stricter la

20、ws to promote a cleaner environment.,表示比较的常用句型,1)Compared with A,B. 2) A and B has several points in common. 3)It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are . 4)A and B differ in several ways. 5)The advantages of A are much greater than those of B 6)I prefer to read rather than wa

21、tch TV. 7)There is a sharp contrast between them.,例如: Compared with cars,bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. Firstly,they do not consume natural resources of gasoline. Secondly,they do not cause the pollution problem. Last but not least,they contribute to peoples health by giv

22、ing them physical exercise.,表示看法的常用句型,1)People have different attitudes towards sth. 2)People have different opinions on this problem. 3)People take different views of(on)the question. 4)Some people believe that.Others argue that.,例如:People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that

23、 failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.再如: Do “lucky numbers really bring good luck?Different people have differe

24、nt views on it.,表示结论的常用句型,1)In short,it can be said that . 2)It may be briefly summed up as follows. 3)From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that .,例如: From what has been mentioned above,we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary,however, its method should

25、 be improved.,部分常用套语,1)Its well known to us that . 2)As is known to us,. 3)This is a topic that is being widely talked about. 4)As a proverb says,“Where there is a will, there is a way. 5) As the saying goes/As an old saying goes, good health is a revolution of the capital. /time is money/all work a

26、nd no play makes Jack a dull boy. /Failure is the mother of success. / Practice makes perfect.,例如:As is well known to us,it is important for the students to know the world outside campus.The reason for this is obvious. Nowadays,the society is changing and developing rapidly,and the campus is no long

27、er an “ivory tower. As college students,we must get in touch with the world outside the campus. Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate.,再如:Does it pay to be honest?This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions

28、 on it.,考前模版(待发),听 力,8 short conversations(8) 2 long conversations(3+4) 3 passages (3+3+4) Compound dictation (10),听力技巧,调整心态,不紧张提前看,预测内容没有听到的,放弃题目和听力材料顺序一致长对话和短文,听主要内容,听题目中的关 键词,Short Conversationskeywords,predictionLong Conversations and Passage 同义替换,细节题,转折词,开头原则Compound dictation,听力3:复合听写,复合式听写。原复

29、合式听写调整为单词及词组听写,短文长度及难度不变。要求考生在听懂短文的基础上,用所听到的原文填写空缺的单词或词组,共10题。短文播放三遍。难度系数稍有下降。第一遍,听主要内容,简单单词,能写的可以速写。 第二遍,开始写,注意是速写。 第三遍,把没有写完整的单词补充完整,注意单词短语的词形。,考生长期忽视听写和拼写的事实会导致必然失分率的增加。因为在过去的句子听写中,整句2%的分值可以至少保证考生写出句子中部分较为简单的单词继而得分,而新试卷中,一词(或一个短语)占1%的设计,会让得分和失分出现在转瞬之间。应对策略: 在每次做完听力题目之后再次确认,以保证全部单词短语拼写成功。建议考生强化每日的

30、听写训练,对此题型进行针对练习。,阅读理解 特点与解题策略,阅读理解部分的四篇文章内容复杂,题目多,时间短,因而难度也大。如果缺乏良好的应试技巧,考生会在该部分浪费较多时间,且解题效果较差,进而导致后面的段落翻译部分的题目没有时间、也没有信心去完成。 可以说,能否做好阅读题,直接关系着四级考试的成败。,1、从此次变化的整体来看,难度有所增加,更加偏重于综合能力的考查。 2、最大挑战依然来自时间控制,尤其是阅读部分。 3.单纯对某个词汇和语法点的考察题型已经全部取消,取而代之的是对考生英语综合运用能力的考察。除了听力和阅读仍然是得分大头外,其余部分的洗牌让整个分值分布更为平均。每个部分都变得举足

31、轻重。 4.杜绝临时抱佛脚、侥幸过级的想法。至少给自己时间留出3个月左右的备考时间。,阅读理解1:选词填空,1、篇章词汇阅读是近年来的新题型,文章长度约为220个单词。 2、该题的考查方式为:给出15个单词选项,让考生从中选取10个单词进行填空,从而使文章意思表达得完整、通顺。 3、该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构,主要考查考生对连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解,既要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构,又要求考生具体细化到对每个单词的微观理解。(以真题为例),基本原则:先看单词后看文章,单词文章都要细读,具体方法:,(1)阅读选项,词性分类通读各个

32、单词选项,了解大致词义,并根据词性、时态、人称、单复数等标准对单词进行分类:a.按词性分为:动词(v.)、名词(n.)、形容词(adj.)和副词(adv.)b.动词要分清是一般现在时(v.),是现在分词(v.ing),还是动词的过去式、过去分词(v.ed),是第一二人称,还是第三人称单数(v.s)c.名词要分清是可数名词,还是不可数名词。可数名词的话是单数,还是复数。,(2)通读全文,灵活选择,通读全文,了解文章的意思,并在此基础上初步确定每个空所需单词的大致意思及词性,并根据这一初步判断的结果,选出符合条件的单词填入各空,每填入一个,就在后面的选项框中把该单词划掉。这一过程中很可能出现读不懂

33、的句子和做不出的题,不要停下来,继续读下去,或许可从后面的内容中得到启发,然后联系上下文在剩下的选项中选择答案。,(3)复读全文,检查答案,完成以上两个步骤后,考生可能发现,对于有的题目,符合条件的单词有两个甚至更多。此时便需要再次回到这一句中,结合上下文语境或固定搭配,对该空所需单词的意思及词性进行二次判断。待全部填完后,再次复读全文,自我感觉上下文是否通顺、内在逻辑是否连贯。如有问题,需及时进行调整。,阅读理解2:匹配,原快速阅读理解调整为长篇阅读理解,篇章长度和难度不变。篇章后附有10个句子,每句一题。每句所含的信息出自篇章的某一段落,要求考生找出与每句所含信息相匹配的段落。有的段落可能

34、对应两题,有的段落可能不对应任何一题。难度系数增加。(以真题为例),阅读理解2:多项选择,基本原则:先看题目后看文章,题目要细读,文章阅读要详略有度,具体操作:,(1)先仔细阅读题目,并扫一眼各选项,对文章主题和题目考查的主要内容进行大致的推测。 (2)找出题目关键词,到文章中定位相关段落。(见第一讲“快速阅读”中的各类关键词) (3)对定位到的段落进行详略有度的阅读,重要的词句细读,次要词句跳读或略读(详见第一讲“快速阅读”中的跳读和略读),查读所需的信息。,(4)利用常识,合理推断。英语试题的命题原则之一是所选材料必须符合真实的交际活动,即真实反映人们生活或工作中的情况。如果我们对某一题材

35、的文章比较熟悉,掌握了较多的背景知识、生活常识,可以用来帮助我们确定正确选项。但需要注意的是:如果选项中有一些非常简单的常识,我们就要当心,因为这可能和文章本身无关。,(5)大胆猜测,勇于排除干扰。,如果时间不够,文章没有读完,在最后关头可以参考以下应急选择答案的方法: a. 长选项可能是答案。 b. 对原文的词句进行同意替换的选项可能是正确答案。因为避免使用原文出现的词,是增加难度的一个主要方法。 c. 具有概括性的选项可能是答案。 d. 符合常理的、积极向上的选项可能是正确答案。因为考试的文章内容一定是反映现实生活的,命题老师一定会让考生接触正面的、主流的、正义的、符合这些价值观的材料和观

36、点。,主要考点:,1、引用处。标志:双引号,according to,says/said+从句 2、列举处。标志:first/second/third,on one hand/on the other hand 3、转折或对比处。标志:but/yet/however/nevertheless/as for/unfortunately/while 4、专有名词处。标志:大写(人名地名机构名等)、斜体(报纸杂志名、研究项目或理论名等),5、数字处。标志:代表时间、日期的数字,表示调查研究数据的数字。 6、因果关系处。标志:cause/casual/because (of)/stem from/re

37、sult in/as a result/consequence/consequently/since/as/therefore/thus/for 7、表示条件关系处。标志:if/by/on the condition that 8、表示让步关系处。标志:even/even though/of course,9、表达观点处或结论处。标志:claim/argue/argument/conclusion/conclude/find/finding/demonstrate/suggest/sign/signal/show/confirm/oppose/object to/indicate 10、举例处

38、。标志:for example/as/as much as/for instance/a case in point 11、表达变化处。标志:change/differ/different/new/recent/decrease/increase,12、表示研究的词。标志:study/survey/report/find/finding/publish/examine/show 13、表示最高级或绝对性的词。标志:best/most/mostly/top/only/sole/must/simply/always/never/all/none/anyone/unique/first/domina

39、nt/fundamental,翻译,原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英。翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等。四级长度为140-160个汉字;六级长度为180-200个汉字。难点在于:词汇和短语无法准确表达;遣词造句。,历年3套为例,必须开始有意识的积累和背诵一些和中国节日、历史事件、经济和社会发展相关的词汇。大家可以关注以反映中国社会为主的一些英文杂志和报纸,例如中国日报及其网站。这份报纸的大部分内容确实超越了考生的实力,但是一些涉及到日常社会生活的词语,却是大家可以学习的。大家每天看看网站中头条新闻,配合中文新闻的背景,就可以学到很多表达。推荐一个中国日报网站下面的一个小栏目:language tips,有大量简单实用的双语文章。同时,考生需要购进一些难度不大的翻译书籍,注意中英文的一些切换规则。真题强化训练。,

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