1、1十三、中学阶段应掌握的 10 大经典化工流程1从铝土矿中提炼铝流程涉及反应Al 2O36HCl= =2AlCl33H 2OFe2O36HCl= =2FeCl33H 2OAlCl 34NaOH= =NaAlO23NaCl2H 2OFeCl33NaOH= =Fe(OH)33NaClHClNaOH= =NaClH 2ONaAlO 22H 2OCO 2=Al(OH)3NaHCO 3NaOHCO 2=NaHCO32Al(OH) 3 Al2O33H 2O= = = = = 2Al 2O3(熔融) 4Al3O 2= = = = =电 解 流程涉及反应Al 2O32NaOH= =2NaAlO2H 2OSiO
2、22NaOH= =Na2SiO3H 2ONa 2SiO32HCl= =H2SiO32NaClNaAlO24HCl= =NaClAlCl 32H 2OAlCl 33NH 3H2O=Al(OH)33NH 4ClHClNH 3H2O=NH4ClH 2O2硅的制备2涉及反应SiO 22C Si(粗)2CO= = = = =高 温 Si2Cl 2 SiCl4= = = = = SiCl 42H 2 Si(纯)4HCl= = = = =高 温 3氯碱工业涉及反应2NaCl2H 2O 2NaOHH 2Cl 2= = = = =电 解 Cl 22NaOH= =NaClNaClOH 2O2Cl 22Ca(OH)
3、 2=CaCl2Ca(ClO) 22H 2OH 2Cl 2 2HCl= = = = =点 燃 4工业上利用黄铁矿(FeS 2 )制取硫酸涉及反应4FeS 211O 2 2Fe2O38SO 2= = = = =高 温 2SO 2O 2 2SO3 催 化 剂 SO 3H 2O=H2SO45工业制硝酸涉及反应4NH 35O 2 4NO6H 2O= = = = =催 化 剂 2NOO 2=2NO23NO 2H 2O=2HNO3NO6工业上制纯碱3涉及反应NH3H 2OCO 2NaCl= =NaHCO3NH 4Cl2NaHCO3 Na2CO3H 2OCO 2= = = = = 7从工业废水中回收 FeSO4和 Cu工业废水中含有大量的 FeSO4，较多的 Cu2 和少量的 Na 。涉及反应CuSO 4Fe= =FeSO4CuFeH 2SO4=FeSO4H 28从海水中提取镁涉及反应MgSO 4Ca(OH) 2=Mg(OH)2CaSO 4Mg(OH) 22HCl= =MgCl22H 2OMgCl 26H2O MgCl26H 2O= = = = =HCl气 流 中 MgCl 2(熔融) MgCl 2= = = = =电 解 9从海水中提取溴涉及反应2Br Cl 2=Br22Cl Br 2SO 22H 2O=H2SO42HBr10从海带中提取碘4涉及反应2I Cl 2=I22Cl
