1、语法专题九名词性从句,在句子中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,(一)引导名词性从句的连接词1引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类连接词：(不充当从句的任何成分)that, whether, if连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词：when, where, how, why,2不可省略的引导词(1)介词后的引导词
2、不可省略。(2)引导主语从句和同位语从句的引导词不可省略。如：That he was chosen president made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won first prize.,3whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代(1)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether，不用if，如：Whether our team will win remains a problem.Whether he will come, I am not sure.(2)引导
3、表语从句用whether，不用if，如：The question is whether you have enough money now.,(3)whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能，如：Im not interested in whether theyll come or not.It depends on whether we have got enough time.(4)whether可以直接和动词不定式连用，而if则不能，如：I didnt know whether to wait or to leave.Mike hasnt decided whether to
4、make a telephone call or not.,(5)引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：The news whether they will attend the party is not known yet.大部分引导词引导的主语从句都可置于句末，前面用it充当形式主语。如：It is not decided yet whether the meeting will be held this evening.,(二)名词性that从句1由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that从句。that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that从句在
5、句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，如：主语：That he got the first prize is not just a joke.宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday.,表语：The fact is that we cant afford to buy the house.同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satis
6、fied with your job.,2that从句作主语通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末，如：It is quite clear that Taiwan belongs to China.Its a pity that you should have to leave on such an occasion.用it作形式主语的that从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：(1)Itbe形容词that从句It is necessary that.有必要。It is important that.重要的是。It is obvious that.很明显。,(2)Itbeed分词that从句
7、It is believed that.人们相信。It is known to all that.众所周知。It has been decided that.已决定。(3)Itbe名词that从句It is a common knowledge that.是常识。It is a surprise that.令人惊奇的是。It is a fact that.事实是。(4)It不及物动词that从句It appears that.似乎。It happens that.碰巧。It occurred to me that.我突然想起。,(三)名词性wh从句1由wh词引导的名词性从句叫做名词性wh从句。
8、wh词包括who, whom, whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。wh从句的语法功能除了和that从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补足语和间接宾语等，如：主语：How the book will sell depends on its quality.直接宾语：In ones own home one can do what one likes.间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.,表语：My question
9、is who will take over the president.宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to.同位语：I have no idea when he will return.形容词宾语：Im not sure why she refused their invitation.介词宾语：That depends on where we shall go.2wh从句作主语时也常用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正主语wh从句置于句末，如：It is not yet decided who will do that job.,(四)if
10、, whether引导的名词性从句1yesno型疑问从句从属连词if, whether引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yesno型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh从句的功能相同，如：主语：Whether the plan is OK remains to be proved.宾语：I dont know whether/if you can finish your work on time.,表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.同位语：They are investigating
11、 the question whether the man is trustworthy.形容词宾语：Shes doubtful whether we shall be able to come.介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass the exams.,2选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether.or或whether.or not构成，如：Please tell me whether/if they are from Hong Kong or Macao.I dont care whether you like the plan or
12、not.,(五)否定转移1将I think/believe/suppose/expect/fancy/imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。I dont believe he will come.我相信他不会来。注意：若谓语动词为hope/be afraid.宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。,I hope you werent ill.我想你没有生病吧。I am afraid he wont call me back.恐怕他不会给我回电话。2将seem, appea
13、r等后的从句的否定转移到前面。It doesnt seem that they know where to go.It doesnt appear that well have a sunny day tomorrow.,3有时将动名词、介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。如：I dont remember having ever seen such a man.我记得从未见过这样一个人。(not否定动名词短语having.),4有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。如：The ant is not gathering food for itself alone.(否定状语
14、) 蚂蚁并不只给自己采集食物。I didnt marry her because I loved her.(否定状语从句) 我并不是因为爱她才跟她结婚的。注意：在名词性从句的复习过程中，须特别注意以下问题：,1主语从句whatever, whoever, whichever引导的主语从句的区别：whatever相当于anything that，是what的强调形式，表示“无论什么”。如：Whatever she does is ridiculous.whoever相当于anyone who，是who的强调形式，表示“无论谁；任何的人”。如：Whoever walks around in suc
15、h a heavy rain will catch a cold.,whichever“无论哪个；无论哪些”，既指人，也指物；可以单独使用，可以修饰名词，也可以后跟of短语。如：Whichever of us fulfills his task first will lend a hand to others.Whichever book you borrow doesnt matter to us.,2表语从句reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导，不能用why引导，但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。如：The reason why we didnt trust
16、 him is that he has often lied.,3同位语从句(1)能跟同位语从句的名词idea, fact, news, hope, belief, thought, doubt等名词后面，可以跟that或者连接代词、连接副词引导的同位语从句。同位语从句只是对前面的名词作进一步的解释，说明前面的名词的具体含义。如：We are surprised at the fact that the children did it on their own.They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Germany again.,(
17、2)同位语从句和定语从句的区别that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句：The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.(that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做成份，不可省略),I had
18、 no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句，不能省略)Have you got the idea (that) this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略),1.(2009江苏)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as B. thatC. whic
19、h D. what2(2009安徽)A good friend of mine from _ I was born showed up at my home right before I left for Beijing.A. how B. whomC. when D. which,3(2009陕西)The howto book can be of help to _ wants to do the job.A. who B. whomeverC. no matter who D. whoever4(2009全国)Could I speak to _ is in charge of Inter
20、national Sales please?A. who B. whatC. whoever D. whatever,5(2009天津)It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. whichC. whether D. that6(2009江西)The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.A. what B. whichC. th
21、at D. though,7(2009四川)News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. whatC. that D. where8(2009浙江)Is there any possibility _you could pick me up at the airport?No problem.A. when B. thatC. whether D. what,9(2009重庆)We should consider the students reque
22、st _ the school library provide more books on popular science.A. that B. whenC. which D. where10(2009海淀区期中)There is a saying _ swimming is a good way to keep fit.A. which B. whatC. that D. where,11(2009皖南八校联考)Mary looks down today. What is up?Well, _ happened between Mary and me is none of your busi
23、ness.A. wherever B. whoeverC. whatever D. no matter what12(2009郑州毕业班质量预测)A plan has been put forward _ more graduates should go to work in the country this year.A. when B. thatC. whether D. how,13(2009南京调研)Go and have great fun! I will cope with _ you leave to me properly.Thanks a lot.A. why B. when
24、C. what D. which14(2009扬州调研)By improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of _ you once thought impossible to understand.A. that B. whatC. which D. whether,15(2009合肥教学检测)Many parents feel that their childs IQ is _ determines how well they are going to do in their future life.A
25、. what B. thatC. which D. where16(2009西城区抽样)After ten years absence she came back, only to find her old house was not _ it used to be.A. which B. whatC. when D. how,17(2009石家庄毕业班教学检测)In his letter was his promise _ he would spend the Christmas Eve with me.A. that B. whatC. which D. whether18(2009东城区
26、期末)As is known to all, Australia was as a matter of fact _ used to be a nation of prisoners.A. where B. whichC. that D. what,19(2009石家庄毕业班教学检测)My consideration is _ the financial crisis in the USA will heavily influence China.A. which B. ifC. what D. why20(2009泉州毕业班质检)A strange thing suddenly occurr
27、ed to me in my childhood. It was _ I was ten.A. while B. whenC. as D. until,21(2009泉州毕业班质检)All the books I have are here. You may borrow _ you like.A. whatever B. whicheverC. whenever D. however22(2009青岛教学检测)She has been in _ doctors describe as a vegetative(植物的) state for six years.A. what B. which
28、C. that D. how,23(2009潍坊教学检测)It was not just the size of the party last night _ made it unique, but _ it meant to our company.A. what; that B. that; whatC. what; what D. that; that24(2009石家庄毕业班教学质检)The book will be given to _ wins the first prize.A. anyone B. whoC. whoever D. whomever,25(2009东北三校联合模
29、拟)The professor gives every one of us the impression _ he is a real expert in this field.A. which B. whatC. where D. that26(2009合肥质检一)I think this trip was well worth _ we had paid.A. that B. whatC. which D. how,27(2009浙江金华十校)What are you anxious about?_.A. If we succeed B. That we can succeedC. Do
30、we succeed D. Whether we can succeed28(2009西安八校联考)Word comes _ free books will be give to _ come first in this book fair.A. which; no matter who B. that; anyone whoC. which; whoever D. that; those who,29(2009成都诊断检测一)With the nuclear crisis(危机) worsening in Iran, the worlds attention is fixed again o
31、n _ is called the Middle East.A. which B. whatC. that D. it30(2009郑州质检一)The latest UK official studies show _ fewer teenagers are now studying foreign languages.A. what B. whichC. that D. whether,31(2009北京东城目标检测)I need to get downtown. Is there a bus that goes there?Take Bus No. 9 or 12. They _ go d
32、owntown. Take _ one comes first.A. all; whatever B. all; whicheverC. both; whatever D. both; whichever32(2009南京调研)The news came, as expected, _ my cousin was chosen to be a foreign aid doctor to go to Africa where people are suffering a lot from AIDS.A. it B. thatC. what D. which,33(2009南京调研)Using r
33、enewable energy sources is a simple idea, but _ we find hard to put into practice.A. one B. whatC. which D. that34(2009南通调研)Nobody would stand out admitting the fact, for some reason, _ they lost the game.A. that B. whichC. what D. why,35(2009潍坊质检二)There are signs _ reading classics is becoming more
34、 popular with students.A. which B. thatC. whether D. when36(2009南通四县一联)The hospital has been set up in _ was a waste land many years ago.A. which B. thatC. where D. what,37(2009镇江调研三)_ is well known to us all is _ Yao Ming has become one of the most popular NBA players.A. It; that B. As; thatC. What
35、; what D. What; that38(2009苏、锡、常、镇四市调查一)Chances are high _ China and Russia will make an agreement to build an oil pipeline.A. when B. whereC. that D. which,39(2009日照一模)China is a great country which will host _ may be called the most impressive Olympic Games this summer.A. what B. thatC. which D. a
36、s40(2010辽宁本溪期末)Before the operation, the doctor had to talk to the patient in order to move her fear _ she might die during the operation.A. when B. thatC. which D. so that,答案1D。考查名词性从句。宾语从句中缺少主语，因此选择what。2C。考查名词性从句。介词from后除了接代词或名词作宾语外，还可接从句作宾语；由后面“I was born”可以推测from后面可以指时间，也可以指地点，再由所给的选项可得出答案。,3D。
37、从句的wants to do the job缺少了主语，所以B项错误，whomever只能作宾语；help后的to是介词，所以该词在此引导宾语从句，且充当宾语从句的主语，no matter who只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句，所以只有选项D符合要求。whoever在此等同于anyone who。4C。考查名词性从句。题干中介词to后面为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，而且指人，因此填whoever。,5D。考查名词性从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的，本空格处应是一个主语从句的引导词，因该主语从句不缺成分，且句意完整，故应用不作任何成分的连词that。6C。考查同位语从句。that
38、 the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years是同位语从句，修饰the fact，解释其具体内容。,7C。考查名词性从句。that引导同位语从句用来解释说明名词news的具体内容。同位语从句常置于名词之后，但句中由于谓语部分过短，为平衡句子结构，将从句放在了句末。8B。考查同位语从句。此处是由that引导的同位语从句，具体解释possibility的内容，表示“你有没有可能来机场接我？”。所以这里选B项。,9A。考查名词性从句。根据题意可知，空格处是同位语从句的引导词，修饰中心名词request，且在句子中不充当成分，故用that。句意
39、：我们应该考虑学生的这个要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供一些大众科学方面的书籍。10C。考查同位语从句。swimming is a good way to keep fit是saying的具体内容。从句中不缺少任何成分，所以排除A、B、D项。再依据句意可知答案为C。,11C。whatever引导主语从句，whatever在从句中作主语。12B。考查同位语从句。句意：一个计划已经被提起，更多的毕业生今年应到农村工作。从空格处到句末是同位语从句，用来解释说明a plan的具体内容。,13C。这里考查what引导的宾语从句，what在从句中作宾语。leave sth. to sb.“将某事留给某人处理”
40、。句意：“好好玩吧！我会把你交给我的事情处理好的。”“谢谢”。14B。考查名词性从句。句意：通过提高阅读技能，你可以读得更快，并且对你曾经认为不可能理解的东西理解得更多。,15A。what引导的从句在宾语从句中作is的表语，又在表语从句中作主语，具有双重功能。16B。考查表语从句的引导词。从句子结构看，该词要引导表语从句并充当该表语从句中be动词的表语，所以用what。what在此相当于the house that。,17A。考查同位语从句。句意：他在信中写了要与我共度平安夜的诺言。空格后为同位语从句，意义完整，故用that引导。18D。考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句，并在表语从句中作主
41、语，as a matter of fact是插入语。,19D。考查名词性从句。句意：我考虑的是，为什么美国的金融危机会这么严重地影响中国。why在这里引导表语从句，表“原因”，所以这里选D。20B。本句中when引导表语从句。,21B。whichever引导一个名词性从句。用what(ever)提问时，一般不限定范围，而which(ever)则用于限定范围的选择。22A。该题考查名词性从句。what引导从句同时在从句中作describe的宾语。,23B。由句子结构可知第一个空用that，构成了强调句型；第二个空用what引导名词性从句，在从句中作宾语。24C。考查宾语从句。句意：谁拿到一等奖，
42、就把这本书给谁。分析句子成分可知，从空白处到句末为介词to的宾语从句，因从句缺少主语，因此应选whoever，相当于anyone who。,25D。考查同位语从句。句意：这位教授留给我们每个人的印象是他是该领域真正的专家。that he is a real expert in this field是同位语从句，用来解释抽象名词impression的具体内容，that在从句中不作成分，没有词义，但是不可省略。26B。考查名词性从句。what在从句中作worth的宾语，又作paid的宾语，具有双重功能。,27D。考查句子结构。答语是承接上文的回答，完整的回答是“Im anxious about w
43、hether we can succeed.”28D。that引导同位语从句。be given to anyone who comes firstbe given to those who come first。,29B。句意：随着伊朗核危机的恶化，中东再次成为世人关注的焦点。what is called the Middle East是介词on的宾语从句，what在从句中作主语。30C。考查宾语从句。本句句子结构完整无缺，可用that引导宾语从句。,31D。考查不定代词和名词性从句。第一空所填词作主语“They”的同位语，表示前文提到的两趟公共汽车，意思是“两个都”，用both；第二空所填词
44、引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作定语，修饰代词“one”，用whichever，因此本题选D。32B。本题考查同位语。that引导的同位语从句解释news的内容。,33A。本题考查的是同位语从句和定语从句。由定语从句知识可知but后缺宾语，排除选项B；如果选C或D，整个定语从句则缺先行词；one充当a simple idea的同位语，同时充当定语从句的先行词，关系代词that在从句中作宾语，可以省略。34A。同位语从句。they lost the game作the fact的同位语，用以解释the fact的内容，故用that引导。,35B。考查同位语从句的判断及用法。reading class
45、ics is becoming more popular with students是叙述的一件事情，作signs的同位语，用以解释它的内容，故选that。36D。考查名词性从句引导词的用法。引导名词性从句作介词in的宾语，并在从句中作主语，只能用what。,37D。考查名词性从句。what引导主语从句并作从句的主语；that引导表语从句，在句子中不作成分。38C。本题考查同位语从句。that引导同位语从句修饰chances。,39A。本题考查宾语从句。host在此为及物动词，后面接宾语从句，用what作该从句的主语。40B。从句辨析。“she might die during the operation”是同位语从句，用来解释fear的具体内容，所以用that。,
