1、专题十六 推理判断,高考英语 (天津市专用),A组 自主命题天津卷题组 Passage 1(2018天津夏,B)词数:407 When I was 17, I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay. She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death. On a sunny Saturday, Sally and I drov
2、e over to the museum. She asked, “Do you have the address?”“No, but Ill recognize it, there was a picture in the magazine.” “Oh, stop. There it is!” The museum was free. We entered, excited. A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us. “May I help you?”a man asked.“No,”I s
3、aid.“Were fine.”Tour guides got on my nerves. What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in?Sally had gone up- stairs. The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me with curiosi-,五年高考,ty. What was their problem?I saw some nice sculptures in
4、one room. Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are?”he asked. I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum!”He smiled, shaking his head.“Sorry, the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.” “Whats this place?”I asked, still confused.“Well, its our home.”My heart jolted(震颤). I raced
5、to the staircase and called out,“Sally!Come down immediately!” “Theres some really good stuff(艺术作品)up there.”She stepped down, looking confused. I pushed her toward the front door, waving at the family, saying,“Sorry, please forgive us, you have a really nice place.”Outside, when I told Sally what h
6、appened, she covered her mouth, laughing. She couldnt believe how long they let us look around without saying anything. The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there. Van Gogh, Pi- casso. This time, we stayed together, in case anything else unusual happened. Thirty ye
7、ars later, a woman approached me in a public place. “Excuse me, did you ever enter a residence, long ago, thinking it was the McNay Museum?”“Yes. But how do you know?We never told anyone.”,“That was my home. I was a teenager sitting in the hall. Before you came over, I never realized what a beautifu
8、l place I lived in. I never felt lucky before. You thought it was a museum. My feel- ings about my home changed after that. Ive always wanted to thank you.” 1.What do we know about Marian McNay? A.She was a painter. B.She was a community leader. C.She was a museum director. D.She was a journalist. 2
9、.Why did the author refuse the help from the man in the house? A.She disliked people who were nosy. B.She felt nervous when talking to strangers. C.She knew more about art than the man. D.She mistook him for a tour guide.,3.How did the author feel about being stared at by the people in the hall? A.P
10、uzzled. B.Concerned. C.Frightened. D.Delighted. 4.Why did the author describe the real McNay museum in just a few words? A.The real museum lacked enough artwork to interest her. B.She was too upset to spend much time at the real museum. C.The McNay was disappointing compared with the house. D.The ev
11、ent happening in the house was more significant. 5.What could we learn from the last paragraph? A.People should have good taste to enjoy life. B.People should spend more time with their family. C.People tend to be blind to the beauty around them. D.People tend to educate teenagers at a museum.,答案 语篇
12、解读 本文为记叙文。30年前,作者和朋友去参观一家博物馆,由于不知道具体地址误 入别人的家,主人对她们的到来感到很困惑,而作者对主人的表现也感到很困惑。30年后, 作者与房主的女儿偶遇,得知自己曾经的误入使她意识到人们不该对身边的美视而不见。 1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:对于Marian McNay我们了解什么?根据第一段中“once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay(曾经是一个名叫Marian McNay的水彩画画家的 家)”可知Marian McNay是一名画家,故答案为A项。 2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:作者为什么拒
13、绝房子里的男人的帮助?根据第四段中 “Tour guides got on my nerves.(导游总会使我感到心烦)”可知,作者当时之所以拒绝其帮助 是因为她误认为那个男人是导游,故答案为D项。A:她不喜欢爱窥探的人;B:当与陌生人讲话 时她会感到紧张;C:她比那个男人对艺术了解得更多。 3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:在被大厅中的人们盯着看时,作者感觉怎么样?根据第四段 中作者心里想的话“What was their problem?”可知,作者当时感到很困惑(Puzzled),故答案为 A项。B:担心的;C:害怕的;D:高兴的。,4.D 推理判断题。本题题干意为:为什么作者只用了一点
14、儿文字描述真正的McNay博物馆? 根据倒数第四段中的内容可推知:作者误入别人家这件事使她在参观真正的McNay博物馆时 一直感到很紧张,担心再出现什么意外。由此可知在那个房子里发生的事更重要,故答案为D 项。A:真正的博物馆没有足够的艺术作品使她感兴趣;B:她感到非常不安而不能在那家真正 的博物馆中待很长时间;C:与那个房子相比,McNay博物馆令人失望。 5.C 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从最后一段我们能得知什么?根据最后一段中的I never re- alized what a beautiful place I lived in. I never felt lucky before.可
15、知:人们往往会对身边的美视 而不见,故答案为C项。 难句分析 原句:What if they talked a long time about a painting you werent that interested in?分析:本句使用了表示省略的常用句型“What if.?”。此外you werent that interested in 为省略关系词的定语从句,修饰先行词a painting。 译文:如果他们对于一幅你不那么感兴趣的画谈很长时间怎么办呢? 重点词汇 curiosity n.好奇 sculpture n.雕塑 splendid adj.绝好的 词汇积累 get on on
16、es nerves烦扰某人 in case以防,Passage 2(2018天津夏,D)词数:367 Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing?How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door?If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, youll have no trouble answering these questions. Most of us observed much more as childr
17、en than we do as adults. A childs day is filled with fas- cination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear;we are numb(麻木的)to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is
18、quite simple, although it takes practice and re- quires breaking some bad habits. The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentio
19、ned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked a- head. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted theyd felt cold water at first.,Another
20、 block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷)many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a “ruby-crowned kinglet”and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing. The press
21、ures of “time”and“destination”are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them. I asked them what theyd seen. “Oh,
22、a few birds,”they said. They seemed bent on their destinations. Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life. 1.Accordi
23、ng to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more . A.anxious to do wonders B.sensitive to others feelings C.likely to develop unpleasant habits D.eager to explore the world around them,2.What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3? A.To avoid jumping to conclusions. B.To stop complaini
24、ng all the time. C.To follow the teachers advice. D.To admit mistakes honestly. 3.The bird watchers behavior shows that they . A.are very patient in their observation B.are really fascinated by nature C.care only about the names of birds D.question the accuracy of the field guides 4.Why do the hiker
25、s take no notice of the surroundings during the journey? A.The natural beauty isnt attractive to them. B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time. C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them. D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination. 5.In the passage, the author intends to tell us w
26、e should . A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life C.open our mind to new things and ideas D.try our best to protect nature,答案 语篇解读 研究发现,与孩子相比,成人对周围事物的感知能力更差。如何才能唤醒这种感 知能力呢?文章举例说明并对此给出了答案。 1.D 推理判断题。根据第二段中孩子和成年人的对比可知,大部分人在孩提时代更善于观 察,每天都充满魅力、新
27、奇与惊奇,好奇心使我们每个人都具有一种天生的感知能力。但是那 些对小时候的我们来说很明显的差别变得模糊了,我们对新刺激、新观点变得麻木了。由此 可推断,与成年人相比,在好奇心的驱使下,孩子更渴望去探索周围的世界。 2.A 推理判断题。本段开头指出,要唤醒关注周围环境的意识首先不要预测自己会看到什 么、会感受到什么,这会妨碍我们的感知能力。而且作者用实际的例子证明了这个观点,故推 断出A项符合作者的观点,意为“要避免贸然下结论”。 3.C 细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,野鸟观察者只关心鸟的名字,不再关注鸟本身和鸟 的行为。由此可见C项正确,意为“只关心鸟的名字”。,4.B 细节理解题。倒数第二
28、段开头提到,“时间”和“目的地”的压力进一步阻止人们去关 注周围的环境。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知,远足者们一心想要到达目的地,故B项符合 文章内容,意为“他们专注于及时赶到营地”。 5.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知,下次你散步时,无论在什么地方,都应该欣 赏各种景色,倾听各种声音,接受各种感觉,带着这种心境漫步,你会为生活开辟新领域。由此 可知A项符合文章内容,作者建议我们充实感官来感受世界的奇迹。 难句分析 原句:Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it tak
29、es practice and requires breaking some bad habits. 分析:although引导让步状语从句;在主句中动名词短语Relearning the art of.作主语。从句中 主语为it,and连接的两个谓语动词为takes和requires。 译文:重新学习观察周围世界的技能十分简单,虽然那需要实践并摒除一些坏习惯。 重点词汇 awareness n. 感悟能力 sharp adj. 敏锐的 fascination n. 魅力;入迷 distinction n. 区别;差别 frame of mind心境;心情;情绪;思想状态 dimension
30、n. 维度;方面,Passage 3(2018天津春,B)词数:385 With a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence of her English essay about one of her heroes, Rosa Parks, an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement. “Keisha,” her mother shouted from downstairs. “Its almost 4:15.” “Dont worry. I wont be late.” Kei
31、sha pulled down a storybook from her bookshelf,as she al- ways read to the nursing home s residents. And on an impulse(一时心血来潮), she added her English notebook as well. As Keisha came running in the door, the manager told her, “We have a new resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watson. Shes still adjusting
32、to her new surroundings. Youll find her in Room 28. And by the way, Keisha, good luck.” Keisha walked down the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Room 28, she met two sharp brown eyes staring at her doubtfully. “Im Keisha Jackson, a volunteer,” Keisha explained. “I come here to help pass the ti
33、me with residents, or read to them, or,.” Keisha started stammering(结巴)as Mrs.Watson continued to stare at her.,“I didnt request anyone to keep me company,” Mrs.Watson interrupted. “Im alone most of the time, and thats how I prefer it.” “I brought along some funny stories,” Keisha said hesitantly. “
34、Im not in the mood for funny stories,” Mrs. Watson replied angrily. “What else do you have?” Nervously, Keisha opened her notebook to her essay. She read the title aloud, “Rosa Parks:A Woman of Courage and Conviction(信念).” She glanced at Mrs. Watson to see how she might react, but to her surprise, M
35、rs. Watsons face relaxed and her eyes shone. “Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said. Keisha read how Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in 1955 in- spired the protest that became a turning point in the struggle for civil rights. “I walked with Rosa Parks and Dr.
36、Martin Luther King,” Mrs. Watson said with pride. “That was the greatest moment of my life because.” She paused.,“Because.you were a woman of courage and conviction too.” Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watson said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank you for reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will te
37、ll you my story.” 1.Why did Keisha take her English notebook along? A.Her mother asked her to take it. B.She would hand it in on her way. C.She might read her essay to someone. D.The manager wanted to read her essay. 2.Why did the manager wish Keisha good luck before she visited Mrs. Watson? A.Mrs.
38、Watson could be difficult. B.Mrs. Watson was in poor health. C.Keisha was feeling nervous. D.Keisha was a shy person.,3.Mrs. Watsons eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was . A.amused B.puzzled C.annoyed D.interested 4.What effect did Keishas essay have on Mrs. Watson? A.It aroused her curiosity in v
39、olunteer work. B.It built up her expectation for more visitors. C.It awoke her pride in her struggle for civil rights. D.It changed her attitude to the Civil Rights Movement. 5.Readers may find this story inspiring because . A.a girl enjoys learning about her heroes B.a girl helps someone feel appre
40、ciated C.a woman overcomes hardship by herself D.a woman gathers the courage for life,答案 语篇解读 本文为记叙文。讲述了一个女孩通过读自己的论文让一个刚进入养老院的老太 太对自己的过往经历充满了自豪感的故事。 1.C 细节理解题。由第一段可知,她对自己写的论文很满意。由第三段中的Keisha pulled down a storybook from her bookshelf, as she always read to the nursing homes residents. And on an impu
41、lse, she added her English notebook as well.可知,她有和别人分享自己写的论文的冲动, 故选C。 2.A 推理判断题。由下文起初老太太对待女孩的态度及女孩与那位老太太的对话中老太太 说话的语气可推知答案。 3.D 推理判断题。由第十段中的but to her surprise, Mrs. Watsons face relaxed and her eyes shone.“Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said.可推知答案。 4.C 推理判断题。根据文中倒数第三段中的Mrs. Watson said with pr
42、ide. “That was the greatest moment of my life because.”可知,她想起了之前为民权斗争的经历而产生了自豪感, 故答案为C。 5.B 主旨大意题。文章主要讲了女孩让老太太对自己的过往经历充满了自豪感。,词汇提示 1.adjust to适应 2.hesitantly adv. 迟疑地 长难句 Keisha read how Rosa Parks refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in 1955 inspired the protest that became a t
43、urning point in the struggle for civil rights. 凯莎阅读了19 55年罗莎帕克斯拒绝在公交车上把她的座位让给一个白人乘客这件事是怎样激起了后来成 了争取公民权利的斗争的转折点的抗议活动的。 本句为主从复合句。句子主干为主谓宾结构Keisha read how.;how之后的部分一直到结尾都 是read的宾语从句;宾语从句中的主干是Rosa Parks refusal inspired the protest;to give up.作 后置定语修饰refusal;that became a turning point in the struggle
44、for civil rights为定语从句,修饰 the protest。,Passage 4(2018天津春,D)词数:383 Most people arent good at creative problem-solving for two reasons:(1) They are not trained in how to be creative. (2) They dont understand group strength well enough to harness(驾驭)their power to maximize group creativity. A key elemen
45、t of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get togeth- er to exchange ideas
46、, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone. To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving:divergence(分 散)and convergence(集中). Divergence happens when the group considers as many different po- tential solutions as possible. C
47、onvergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evalu- ated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.,The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. In groups, once a
48、 member states a potential solution, that makes others think about the problem similarly. That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone. Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, early in the problem- solving process, have group membe
49、rs work alone to write down statements describing the problem. Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. The group discussion will lead everyone to ac- cept one or a small number of these statements to work onthis is healthy convergence. When starting to generate solutions, you again want di
50、vergence. Have people work alone to start. Then collect peoples initial ideas and send them around to others and allow the divergence to con- tinue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members. Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions. This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best.,
