1、汉英谓语对比,动态语势vs. 静态语势,复习,In the late summer of that year we lived in a house in a village that looked across the river and the plain to the mountains. 请用流水句翻译,参考答案,在那一年的暮夏，我们住在一个小村庄里。村子旁边是一条河，河对面是一片平原，远处山峦起伏。,复习定语从句的翻译,随着中国改革开发的深入发展，这个一度十分重要的机构现在对国家治理的影响越来越显得无足轻重了。改革开发：opening-up and reform drive 机构：i
2、nstitution 一度十分重要的，Once important, 定语从句：which was once of much consequence,参考答案,With the furtherance of Chinas national opening up and reform drive, this once important institution is becoming more and more marginal to the way the country is run. .this institution, which was once of much consequence
3、, is playing a less and less important role in running the country.,英语谓语：静态语势,英语的名词、动名词、介词、形容词、副词、不定式、过去分词和现在分词、从句等表达能力很强，由谓语动词统领造成了英语的静态语势。,汉语谓语,汉语主语可以由任何语言单位来担任，但是谓语，却主要依靠动词词组和短句来组织，从而造成汉语的动态语势。,动态语势（一）认识连动句,1. 他已经请了假坐火车回四川老家探亲。 2.请脱鞋进屋。 3. 等完成了任务再见。 4. 他一到上海就去看他的父母。 5. 大雪纷飞，乡亲们都在家里烤火取暖。 6. 他天天写信会
4、客。 7. 钱不多，你能省多少就省多少吧。 8.他走累了就坐在椅子上歇了一会。,连动句定义和特征,定义：同一主语下几个动词连用成谓语。连用的动词之间，有并列关系，条件、方式、因果、假设、目的等。,如何翻译呢？,确定了主语后， 第一步：确立英语句子的谓语动词 第二步：分析和其他动词的关系，将其他动词换成：不定式，介词，从句，或者如果确实是并列的谓语动词，则翻译成用and连接的动词。学会使用不定式和介词，以及套用英语句型,例子1,他已经请了假坐火车回四川老家探亲。1 2 3 4 _做谓语动词？ 请假：ask for a leave 坐火车：by train, 回四川老家：go home in Si
5、chuan 探亲：see his parents,参考答案,He has asked for a leave to go home by train to see his parents in Sichuan.,例子2,请脱鞋进屋。 脱鞋：take off your shoes 进屋：enter the house,参考答案,Please take off your shoes before entering the house,例子3,等完成了任务再见。 See you Complete the task,参考答案,See you after the task is completed.,例
6、子4,他一到上海就去看他的父母。 Arrive in Shanghai See his parents 一就: as soon as,参考答案,He went to see his parents as soon as he arrived in Shanghai.,例子5,乡亲们都在家里烤火取暖。 At home, Keep themselves warm 烤火？,参考答案,All the villagers stayed at home, keeping themselves warm by fire.,例子6,他天天写信会客。 Write letters receive visitors
7、,参考答案,He writes letters and receives visitors everyday.,例子7,钱不多，你能省多少就省多少吧。 重点信息是： 逻辑关系是： 能就 get as much as possible All you can eat/get,参考答案,Save as much as possible, as money is short.,例子8,他走累了就坐在椅子上歇了一会 Walk, Is tired, Sit on the chair Rest 谓语动词是-? 如何安排其他动词？从句？介词？不定式？形容词,参考答案,He sat on the bench
8、for a little while, tired after long walking.,请翻译,他们撑着伞，攀沿一条弯弯曲曲的山间小道去拜望一位隐居在深山的朋友。学习使用介词 With umbrellas Up a winding mountain path For a visit to Live in seclusion,参考答案,They walked with umbrellas up a winding mountain path for a visit to a friend living in seclusion.,请翻译,总统明天准备乘坐专机前往上海参观访问。谓语动词是_?
9、Prepare to/plan to 或者将来时will go to Shanghai By his special plane For a visit,参考答案,The president will go to Shanghai by his special plane for a visit.,请翻译,1. 我带孩子上街去走走。Take sb out to the street for 2. 选择朋友，越谨慎越好。Never too careful in doing sth. 3. 他因成功而快乐。Happy over sth. 4. 这部电影正在上演吗？On 5. 我打开窗户让新鲜空气进
10、来。To let the fresh air in,参考答案,1. I will take my child to the street for a walk. 2.One can never be too careful in the choice of ones friends. 3.He is happy over his success. 4. Is the movie on? 5. I opened the window to let fresh air in.,请翻译,1. 他哼着曲子走进卧室去。Humming a tune 2. 他们热烈鼓掌欢迎来宾。With warm appl
11、ause 3.那时候她靠纺织贴补家用。By spinning 4. 她走出来，双臂缠着绷带。bandaged 5.他在野外待了三天，处理这一案件。On the case 6. 他拿着报纸走出来。With newspaper in his hand Supplement family income,参考答案,1. He walked into the bedroom, humming a tune. 2. They welcomed the guests with warm applause. 3.She supplemented the family income by spinning. 4
12、.She came out with her arms bandaged. 5. He was out on the case for three days. 6. He came out with newspaper in his hand.,认识静态语势名词,The kaleidoscope of shifting interests made it impossible to sort out the winners and losers. kaleidoscope: 万花筒,参考答案,各国利益变化不定，好像万花筒一样，无法分辨谁是胜者，谁是输家。,例子1英语名词的翻译,Joe coul
13、d not bear the sight of her pain.,乔斯不忍看到她的痛苦。,例子2,The commission of certain acts such as armed attack was considered as a form of aggression. commit a crime Commit suicide Commission of a crime,参考答案,诸如武装进攻的行为，会视为一种侵略。,请翻译,1. Memories of the past filled her mind to the exclusion of all else. 2. His e
14、xcuse for forgetting her birthday was that he had lost his diary. 3. We had the luxury of being able to choose from four good candidates for the job. 4. The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of first importance to a public man.,参考答案,1. 她脑中充满了对过去的回忆，顾不上其他了。 2. 他忘了
15、她的生日，却找借口说是因为笔记本丢了。 3. 因为这个职位有四个申请者，所以挑选余地很大。 4. 对于一个公众人物而言，培养爱好和各种兴趣，是至关重要的。,认识静态语势：介词,At the news they were quite surprised.,参考答案,听到这个消息，他们非常震惊。,请翻译：,“Coming!” Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the veranda, and into the porch. 请运用生动的动词。 Skim：蹦跳 Veranda:凉台 porch: 门廊,
16、参考答案,她转身蹦跳着跑走了，越过草坪，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。,认识静态语势：形容词,The profit we made was a pleasant surprise.,参考答案,获得了利润，我们惊喜交加。,请翻译,1. She was gazing across the sea, apparently ignorant of him. 2. The fat woman rushed into his room, her heavy body falling into the protesting chair. 3. Her recent novel got a mixe
17、d reaction. 4. Just 18 years old, he was then a romantic kid with visions of the future for himself.,参考答案,1. 她凝视着大海，很显然没有注意到他的存在。 2. 那个胖女人风风火火地闯进他的房间，一屁股坐在椅子上，椅子压得吱吱作响。 3.她最近出版的小说引起了强烈反响，不过褒贬不一。 4. 那时才18岁，他满脑子都是幻想，憧憬着美好的未来。,认识静态语势：副词,She was expensively spoiled from the moment of birth.,参考答案,自从出生，她就
18、受到万般宠爱，真是个用钱堆起来的“千金”。,副词,Few people consider him justifiably wrong.,参考答案,很少有人认为他的错情有可原。,副词例子2,I cannot politely turn down the invitation to the party.,参考答案,如果我不去参加派对，就会对邀请我的人很不礼貌。,请翻译,Water works for weight loss.,参考答案,经常喝水有利于减肥。,动态语势（二）认识兼语句,兼语，就是兼有两种功能的句子成分,认识兼语句,1. 我请他帮忙。Ask sb to do sth/for sth 2
19、. 人们都认为他是个天才 consider sb. sth 3. 主任让你马上去。Want sb to do sth 4.多谢您提醒。Thank sb for sth/doing sth/having done sth因为英语有对应的句型，所以直接套用英语句式就可以了。,参考答案,1. I ask him for help. ./I ask him to lend me a hand. 2. People all consider him a genius 3. The director wants you to go at once. 4. Thank you for having reminded me/reminding me.,课后练习,1. 他逛市场很少空手回来。 2. 我第一次听他唱歌，是在除夕晚会上。 3.她从未料到问题会这么复杂。,参考答案,1. He seldom returns empty-handed from the market. 2. It was on the New Years Eve party that I heard him singing for the first time. 3. She never expected that the problem could be so complicated.,
