1、Translation and Interpreting Skills,Chinese-English English-Chinese,教材,英汉互译简明教程，张震久，孙建民 主编， 外语教学与研究出版社,教学目标,教育部考试中心的“全国外语翻译证书考试”，包括初级，中级，高级 初级：承担一般性材料或商务方面的翻译工作，英译汉，两篇各250字，汉译英两篇，各250字。考试时间：3小时 适用者：通过非英语专业六级考试的人群,教学目标,中级：胜任各种非专业性材料的专业翻译工作，翻译质量较高。能够就普通英汉原文材料进行互译，能够胜任一般性技术、法律、旅游、商务、经贸等方面材料的翻译，能够胜任各种一般
2、性国际会议文件的翻译。适用人群：英专本科毕业生或研究生,翻译考试网点：,每年考两次，五月和十一月的第二个周末，五月8日、9日，英语的一、二、三、四级笔译四级口译和笔译在2008年首次开考考点：云师大 网上报名时间：3月1日到28日，8月1日到15日 考点确认时间：3月25日到31日，9月15日到21日,口译试题 （初级）,第一部分：英汉互译，对话 第二部分：英译汉，演讲 （连续口译） 第三部分：汉译英，迎接词（连续口译）,口译试题（中级）,第一部分：英译汉（连续口译）题材较难 第二部分：汉译英（连续口译）,汉译英例1,有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：“
3、您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“你下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。“下车吗？”他耐不住了，放大声问。那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那位女乘客。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起了一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。,参考答案,Once I heard a male passenger ask politely a female passenger in front of him near a crowded door of a bus, “Excuse me, are you going off the bus?” With no response from her, he
4、asked again, “Are you going off?” With no response again from her, he yelled, “Going off？!” Irritated, he poked her, at which she, upset, and glaring at him, hit him with her fist.,Chinese-English Translation,Basic Skills Requirement: 1. Understanding is very important 2. Expressing in English is ba
5、sic 3. Understanding how to write correct English sentences is essential.,English-Chinese Translation,1. Understanding is essential. 2. Writing in Chinese is very important. 补充：在通常而言，汉英译者，是汉英双语而英语是母语者 而英汉译者，是汉英双语而汉语是母语者,Interpreting Skills,1. English-Chinese Interpreting: Listening and quick underst
6、anding are most essential. 2. Chinese-English Interpreting: Using good and effective oral English is essential,英译汉例1,Alice was a B-plus student through her first three years at college. During the winter holidays in her senior year, while she was driving during a storm, her car ran off the road and
7、hit a tree. Alice banged her head on the steering wheel but never lost consciousness. She was treated for bruises and discharged from the hospital within a day.,参考答案,大学三年，爱丽思的学习成绩一直是良好。然而四年级的冬假，她开车的时候遇上了暴风雪，车子失控冲出了路面，撞上了一棵树。爱丽思的头重重地撞到了方向盘上，不过并没有昏过去。她到医院治疗了擦伤，一天之内就出院了。,英译汉例2,But, back at her studies,
8、 she began to have difficulties. Suddenly her As and Bs were becoming Cs. She had trouble remembering what shed read and was irritable and easily distracted.,参考答案,然而，大学学业却出现了困难。爱丽思的成绩从原来的优秀和良好变成了及格。她记不住自己读过的内容，性格暴躁，容易分神。,英译汉例3,Alice was referred to a neuropsychologist for further examination. Althou
9、gh her IQ hadnt changed and standard neurological tests were normal, detailed neuropsychological tests showed she was having memory problems. She could still process new information, but it took longer than before and she became “overloaded” if she tried to do too much at once.,参考答案,为了进一步检查，爱丽思去看了神经
10、心理学家。尽管她的智商并没有变化，而标准神经测试结果也正常，但是详尽的神经心理检测却显示她的记忆力出现了问题。她仍然能够处理新的信息，但是花费的时间要比以前长，而且如果她想一次处理太多信息的话，就会出现“负荷过重”的情况。,英译汉例4,Head injuries are often fatal, or of sufficient severity to require the hospitalization of victims. But there is a large group of people who sustain head injuries which can go undete
11、cted through ordinary medical examination.,参考答案,头部受伤经常是致命的，或者说非常严重，受伤者必须住院。但是大量头部受伤的人在常规体检中却检查不出头部受伤。,英译汉例5,These are the people who seemingly recover their injuries but still suffer subtle intellectual and behavioral effects that may seriously impair their ability to work and interact normally with
12、 other people. They are the victims of what experts call a “silent epidemic”. Some never lost consciousness and others never even suffered a direct blow to the head, yet brain damage occurred.,参考答案,这些人似乎已经痊愈了，但是智力和行为方面却受到了微妙的影响，可能会严重损害他们工作和与别人正常交往的能力。这些人是专家所谓“无声的流行病”的受害者。有些人从来没有失去意识，而还有些人甚至头部根本没有受到直
13、接的打击，然而头部却已经受伤了。,口译例子1，2，,Track 33 No.3 句子口译，从“你好”开始 Track 34 No. 4 小故事口译 Business English No. 1 自我介绍口译 初级口译试题磁带,课程重点,重点：1，运用英语句子（汉英翻译） 2，理解英语复杂句（英汉翻译） 3. 口译听力练习，记忆力练习，英语口语,常见小失误,例子1：In warm climates people (like/likes/are liking) sitting outside in the sun. 例子2： Learning a second language is not th
14、e same (as /like /than) learning a first language. 例子3：(Live /Life/Living) with a foreign family can be a good way to learn a language. 例子4：In some places (it rains/ there rains /raining/rains/rain) almost all day. 例子5：English is quite difficult because of all the exceptions (who /that/what) have to
15、 be learnt.,英语理解失误,English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.,比较上两页句式,汉译英的英语句子（译文）都比较简单，没有或很少复杂句型。最重要的，是要正确，符合语法。或者说，最重要的，是要背诵并熟练运用英语
16、句型。而英译汉的英语句子（原文）则句型复杂，最重要的，则是学会分析句子的成分，做到正确理解。,英译汉参考答案,英裔南非人并不强烈反对种族隔离制度，而由于其语言不统一，南非黑人反对势力一开始力量微薄，组织涣散。,汉英翻译学习步骤,1. 阅读汉语段落和句子，理解大致意思。 2. 分析，划分，并整理汉语句子的“隐性逻辑” 3. 根据“逻辑”，套用英文句型 4.巧用各种英文句子组件不定式，过去分词，现在分词，关系代词，连词，介词，动名词，等使英语句子地道而有效 5.修正各种小失误,重点环节,所谓重点环节，就是不仅课上有练习，课后还要自己训练 背诵各种英语句型 熟悉各种英语句子组件的巧妙使用 修正各种语
17、法小失误,形合，意合,英语形合，语法型语言，重语法结构。 体现在英语句型和篇章，则是显性逻辑，或者说显性连接（overt cohesion）。 And, if, because, 等等。汉语意合，隐性逻辑，或者说隐性连接（covert cohesion）。,各种英语句型汉英句型对照意vs.形合,1. 爹，你就是不为自己着想，也得为我想想 Dad, think of me if you wont think of yourself. 2. 我把自己写的东西拿给威廉斯先生看，当天下午，我问他写得行不行，他说，“相当不错，我读起来还不错。”,汉英句型对照意合vs.形合,What I wrote I
18、turned over to Mr. Williams, and later in the day when I asked him if was all right he said, “Yes, quite all right. It reads all right to me.” 3. 听到这消息，他满眼是泪。 When he heard the news, his eyes were filled with tears.,意合vs.形合,4.学得有趣，效率就会高；学得很苦，效率就低。 Learning is more efficient when it is fun, less effi
19、cient when it is drudgery.,意合vs.形合,5.什么吃的、什么玩的，只管告诉我。 Just tell me if you have a fancy(爱好，偏爱） for anything special to eat or pass the time with. 句型：have a fancy for sth Sth to pass time with,意合vs.形合,6.他蹒跚着进了家门，连饭也没有吃，打算到屋里睡一觉。 Dazzling into his house, he went directly to the bedroom without eating a
20、nything. 句型：Getting up late, he went to work without having breakfast.,意合vs.形合,7. 丫头婆子们不好了，也只管告诉我。 When a housemaid or an old nurse becomes nasty, also let me know.,各种英语句型,以动词为核心,在日常阅读和课堂上进行积累 例子 p12-15 1. is filled with 2. have a fancy for sth. 3. pass time with something special 4. Sb becomes nast
21、y 5. dazzle into/out of the house 6. He went to work without eating breakfast ,英语句子的组件,Pages 9-15过去分词done by sb. /sth., 可作定语，原因状语，等 关系代词who, which, that, whom, whichever, 等，用来接定语从句，名词从句等 无论是汉英还是英汉翻译，都要熟悉英语句子是如何组成的。 不定式To do sth, 表示目的 现在分词doing sth, 表示伴随状语或原因或时间状语或定语关系副词when, how, why, 介词instead of,
22、with, for, under, 连词and, if, but, so, therefore, ,练习题1(套用英语句型和选择词汇),1. 我将就这个问题发表我的见解。 2. 我心里总是想这个问题，他要这个干什么。 3. 那要看情况如何。 4.这种情况必须改变。 5.他们的情况怎么样？,参考答案,1. I will express my opinion/view on this question/subject. 2. I cannot stop thinking what he wanted it for. 3. That depends. 4. This state of affairs
23、 must change. 5. How are things going with them?How do matters stand with them?,练习题2 （套用英语句型和选择词汇）,1.他把全部书籍都献给了图书馆。 2. 教师应该献身于教育事业。 3.该委员会由15个人组成。4.把自行车借给我骑一下好吗？ 5.他靠信用借钱。 6. 空气是由多种气体混合组成的,参考答案,1. He donated all his books to the library. 2. Teachers should be devoted to the cause of education. 3. Th
24、e Committee consists of (is made of) 15 members. 4. Can I borrow your bike please? 5. He loaned money on credit. 6. Air is made up of a mixture of all gases.,课后作业（延展阅读）,请仔细阅读page 144-147,英译汉学习步骤,1. 词汇在上下文中的含义 p131 2.各种从句翻译方法 3. 各种英语句子组件的翻译方法 4. 长句的分析和翻译 5. 文化知识,英译汉练习1,1. For the balance of the secti
25、on, lets speak in simple and clear terms to describe the function of the computer. (词汇的学习：for the balance of; section, in terms)句型概括：speak/describe in terms,参考答案,在本节的其余部分，我们将用简单明了的语言来描述电脑的功能。,英译汉练习2,2. He had little concern for money, though he could have been extremely rich. (虚拟语气)句型概括：have little
26、concern for, Have much concern for, He could have done/been,英译汉练习3,A man parked his car on a little bridge overlooking a picturesque gully (峡谷) and took out his camera. （现在分词作定语）A bridge overlooking a gully A window overlooking a river A building overlooking a lake,参考答案,一个男子将车子停在一座小桥上，桥下峡谷风景如画，他拿出相机
27、准备拍照。,英译汉练习4,The Chinese Revolution produced a substantial quantitative change and soon led to a qualitative change in the world relationship of forces. （意群的划分）句型概括：produce a change in sth. 给某事带来了变化，使某事发生了变化,参考答案,中国革命使世界力量的对比产生了巨大的量变，接着很快又产生了质变。,英译汉练习5,The sun sets regularly on the union Jack these
28、days, but never on the English language. (文化知识) 句型概括（文化知识）：the sun sets regularly on Britain, or sth. Else 已经不再是“日不落”国家, 已经不再遍布全球，已经不再具备世界影响,参考答案,现在，英国已经不是个“日不落”帝国了，但是英国却广泛使用着。,英译汉练习6,You can always tell the somebodies from the nobodies at a cocktail party. The somebodies come late. 句型概括： tell sth. From sth. Else 分辨出，辨别,参考答案,在鸡尾酒会上你总是能区分出大人物和无名小卒。那些迟到的人就是大人物。,英译汉练习7,The persons elected will sit till 31 Dec, 2012. 句型概括：the person elected The money borrowed The house bought The pictures taken,参考答案,当选者任期到2012年年底为止。,课后作业,请认真研读课本第123页到129页的内容。,
