1、outline,-John Donne Historical background Introduce the John Donne Metaphysical poetry(玄学派) A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning（离别辞节哀）,Historical background,Absolute monarchy impeded the further development of capitalism in England The bourgeoisie could no longer bear the sway of landed nobility The
2、contradictions between the feudal system and the bourgeoisie had reached its peak and resulted in a revolutionary outburst,Politics,the seventeenth century was a period of great commercial expansion for England as European trade shifted from the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.banking developed in the
3、 17th century. As England grew more commercial so lending money became more important.England is in the early days of capitalism,Economy,the era of Donne and Robert Burton (the obsessive anatomist of melancholy) deserved to be called the Age of Anxiety. “Metaphysical” poets tried to reinforce the tr
4、aditional lyric forms of love and devotion by stretching them to comprehend new and extreme intellectual energies.,Literature,Revolution in thought occurred during the 17th century. Francis Bacon argued that careful observation and experiment was the key to finding out how the natural world works. P
5、eople are keen to astronomy, medicine ,physics and so on Nicolaus Copernicus proposed a heliocentric which overturned earth center of the universe In the age of discovery ,voyage developed in 17th century,.,Scientific,John Donne,Occupation: priest, lawyer, poet Nationality: EnglishAlma mater: Oxford
6、 ,Cambridge (未得到学位）,15721631,Love & Religion,Born in a Catholic family In 1598 private secretary, promising In 1601 married with Anne More, This wedding ruined Donnes career In 1615, he became an priestIn 1621, he was appointed the Dean of St Pauls Cathedral (圣保罗大教堂教长）in London,Metaphysical Poetry,1
7、、 concept2、features3、 representatives,1、 Concept,“metaphysical poetry”It is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.,2、Features,With a rebellious spirit 1、Diction ：simple 2、Imagery：the actual life、novel（新奇）such as :compasses （圆规）3、
8、Form： argument,3、Representatives,John Donne-the leading figure of the metaphysical school,George Herbert（乔治 赫伯特）Henry Vaughan（亨利 沃恩）Richard Crashaw（理查德 克拉肖）Andrew Marvell(安德鲁 马韦尔）,A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning. -by John Donne (wrote for his wife ),Structure：,Part1：stanza（诗的一节）12 (death)Part2：st
9、anza 3 ( earthquake)Part3：stanza 46 (gold)Part4：stanza 79 (compass),Part1：,Stanza 1： As virtuous(高德) men pass mildly away, And whisper to their souls, to go,正如高德之人逝世很安然，对灵魂轻轻的说一声，走吧,Whilst some of their sad friends do say, The breath goes now, and some say, No. 悲伤的朋友们聚在旁边，有的说断气了，有的说没有.Main thought:
10、souls and bodies Metaphor： partingdeath,Part1：,Stanza 2： So let us melt（融化）and make no noise, No tear-floods, nor sigh-tempests move ; 让我们化了，一声也不作；泪浪也不翻，叹风也不兴 ;Twere profanation(亵渎) of our joys To tell the laity（俗人） our love. 那是亵渎我们的欢乐要是对俗人讲我们的爱。Souls and bodies together Main thought: love is holy M
11、etaphor：tearfloodssightempests,Part2：,Stanza 3： Moving of th earth brings harms and fears ; Men reckon what it did, and meant ; 地动会带来灾害和惊恐，人们估计它干什么，要怎样。But trepidation of the spheres, Though greater far, is innocent. 可是那些天体的震动，虽然大得多，什么也不伤。 Main thought: parting does not always come to injure. Metaph
12、or：partingtrepidation of the spheres Influence：seafaring and science,Earthquakes,Part3：,Stanza 4： Dull sublunary lovers love Whose soul is sensecannot admit Of absence, cause it doth remove The thing which elemented it.世俗的男女彼此的相好，（他们的灵魂是官能）就最忌别离，因为那就会取消；组成爱恋的那一套东西。 Stanza 5： But we by a love so much
13、 refined, That ourselves know not what it is, Inter-assurd of the mind, Care less, eyes, lips and hands to miss.我们被爱情提炼得纯净，自己都不知道存什么念头。互相在心灵上得到了保证，再不愁碰不到眼睛、嘴和手。,Part3：,Stanza 6： Our two souls therefore, which are one, Though I must go, endure not yet A breach, but an expansion, Like gold to airy thi
14、nness beat.两个灵魂打成了一片，虽说我得走，却并不变成。破裂，而只是向外伸延，像金子打到薄薄的一层。 Main thought: bodies are separated but their souls are together (Platos concept) Metaphor：lovegold,Part4：,Stanza 7： If they be two, they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two ; Thy soul, the fixd foot, makes no show To move, but doth, if th
15、 other do.就还算两个吧，两个却这样。和一副两脚规情况相同；灵魂是定脚并不像。移动另一脚一移，它也动。The souls of the poet and his lover In such a way As stiff as the two legs of a compass The fixed foot remains at the center of the circle Moves If the foot that draws the circumference of the circle moves,Part4：,Stanza 8： And though it in the c
16、entre sit, Yet, when the other far doth roam, 虽然它一直是坐在中心，可是另一个去天涯海角，It leans, and hearkens after it, And grows erect, as that comes home. 它就侧了身倾听八垠；那一个一回家，它马上挺腰。The fixed foot at the center of the circle . The foot that draws the circumference of the circle,To listen to sb. sth.,Part4：,Stanza 9 ： Su
17、ch wilt thou be to me, who must, Like th other foot, obliquely（倾斜）run ; Thy firmness makes my circle just, And makes me end where I begun.你对我就会这样子，我一生像另外那一脚，得侧身打转，你坚定，我的圆圈才会准，我才会终结在开始的地点。The foot that draws the circumference Complete The foot that draws the circumference returns to the foot sitting
18、at the center of the circle after a circle is drawnMain thought: understanding, support and loyal Metaphor： coupleCompasses,The theme：,Real, complete love unites not only the bodies of a husband and wife but also their souls. Such spiritual love is transcendent, metaphysical, keeping the lovers together intellectually and spiritually even though the circumstances of everyday life may separate their bodies.,Thanks,
