1、常见的形容词后缀-less (加在名词后;意为“无、缺的”)jobless、hopeless、useless、helpless、homeless、selfless、aimless、careless-ish selfish、foolish 、Spanish-ful (加在名词后;意为“充满”的或 “具有 性质的”)beautiful、colorful 、wonderful、helpful、powerful、successful、harmful、doubtful、 respectful、hopeful、useful、painful、thoughtful、cheerful、stressful 、fa
2、ithful、skilful、awful-ical 或-ic(意为“ 的”或“与有关的 ”)historical、classical、economical、electrical 、typical、physical、practical 、medical 、historic、classic、economic 、electric、fantastic、dramatic、energetic 、athletic、optimistic 、pessimistic 、 romantic、 allergic、realistic -ous (通常加在名词后) dangerous、humorous、poisonous
3、、 nervous、glorious 、cautious、ambitious 、religious 、autonomous 、enormous、generous、 curious、serious-ive(通常加在动词后) attractive、active、creative、protective、selective 、expressive、impressive 、productive 、supportive、competitive 、positive、negative-y(通常加在名词后) sunny、rainy、sleepy 、funny 、smelly、tasty、muddy、dusty、
4、foggy 、guilty-ent 或-ant efficient、different 、fluent、absent 、patient 、innocent、confident、violent、(in)dependent、silent、convenient、evident 、brilliant、important、distant-en(通常加在名词后) wooden、woolen、golden-ly(通常加在名词后) friendly、lovely、weekly、daily、monthly、yearly-al 或-ial(通常加在名词后) national、professional 、 inte
5、rnational、personal、original、emotional、additional、accidental、occupational、industrial 、official、racial、facial、financial、essential、central、cultural、natural、 factual、spiritual、actual、beneficial、mental、potential-able 或-ible(通常加在名词或动词后)(加在动词后“可以被的”或“值得的” )drinkable、eatable 、available、reliable、accessible、a
6、dmirable 、respectable、unbelievable 、unbearable、unforgettable(加在名词后“具有性质的”)valuable、reasonable、comfortable、sensible、responsible、possible-ed 或-ing (动词的现在分词和过去分词形容词化)interesting、 interested、inspiring 、inspired、pleasing、pleased、spoken、written、mistaken、lost、concerned、devoted 、addicted 、hidden、determined、
7、seated、dressed、disappointed、disappointing、surprising、surprised、broken、frightened、frightening、shocked 、shocking 、scared 、delighted、astonished、astonishing、amazed 、amazing、prepared常见的名词后缀部分以 ate 结尾的形容词变名词(ateacy)accuracy、privacy、literacy、adequacy部分以 ble 结尾的形容词变名词(blebility )ability、disability、possibili
8、ty、responsibility 、sensibility、availability部分以 ent/ant 结尾的形容词变名词(entence 或 antance)部分以 er 结尾的动词变名词,其后加 encedifference、 convenience、importance、diligence、absence、evidence、confidence、violence、 innocence、patience、dependence 、preference 、reference、disappearance、performance 、 annoyance(有些动词+ance 变成名词;这种情况
9、较少见)部分以 ent/ant 结尾的形容词变名词(entency 或 antancy)frequency、 efficiency、urgency 、emergency、efficiency、tendency部分形容词+ness 变成名词 darkness、willingness、hopelessness、illness、goodness、kindness、friendliness、sharpness 、helplessness 、carelessness、sadness、happiness部分形容词(长宽深等)+th 变名词 truth、width、length、depth、strength
10、 、growth、wealth部分名词+ship 仍为名词;表“身份地位头衔;能力;之间的关系”等truth、width、length、depth、strength 、growth、wealth scholarship、membership、leadership、championship、friendship、relationship、hardship部分动词+ment 变名词(注意:很多名词是以 ment 结尾;但是并不全是由动词转化而来。例如comment,experiment、environment、document、department 等)improvement、developmen
11、t、argument 、movement、judgement、treatment、punishment、amusement、amazement、disappointment、establishment、agreement、settlement、statement、advertisement、management、government 、payment、equipment、employment、investment、encouragement、engagement部分动词+tion/sion/ation 变名词(尤其是以t/s/te 结尾的动词)(注意:很多名词是以tiontion/sion/a
12、tion 结尾;基本是由动词转化而来;个别不是,例如tension、fiction、emotion 等)attraction、solution、conclusion、destruction 、expression、impression、recognition、organization 、accommodation、imagination、graduation、explosion、correction、application 、devotion、collection、affection 、 competition、concentration、consideration、education、ele
13、ction、explanation、expectation、examination 、foundation、invention、instruction、production、information、pollution 、operation、description、definition 、addition、edition 、admission、decision、discussion 、permission 、possession.部分动词+al 变成名词 refusal、arrival 、survival、approval、proposal以 age 结尾的名词 stage、vovage、sto
14、rage 、marriage 、shortage 、postage、passage 、damage.以 ure 结尾的名词 future、failure 、adventure 、culture、cure、feature、lecture、gesture、pressure 、pleasure、figure 、leisure、literature、furniture、procedure、treasure以 ity 结尾的名词;表“具有性质” activity、personality、nationality、authority 、generosity、curiosity以 dom 结尾的名词 free
15、dom、kingdom、wisdom常见的前缀(前缀通常改变词意;后缀通常改变词性)bi=two; twice bicycle、bisexual、bilateral、binocular、biannual(一年两次的)tri=three triangle、tricycle 、trilogyanti/ant=against; opposing antibiotic、antisocial、antipathy、anticlimax 、antagonistbe=to become; to make befriend、belittle、benumbby=near by; secondary bypass、
16、bystander、by-productcircum=around; about circumstance、circumnavigate、circumvent 、circumspect、circumferenceco=together co-worker、 co-owner、co-discoverer 、co-ed、co-exist、cooperate、coherence、coincide、coincidencecontra/contro=against; opposit contradict、contrast、controversycounter=against; opposite coun
17、terfeit、 counterpart、counterbalance、counteract、counterattack 、counterculture、counterclockwise、countercurrenten/em=to put into; to make enact、encircle、endanger、enforce、enlist、encourage、embark 、embody、enrich、enlarge、enable、enslave 、ensure、encloseextra=outside; beyond extravagant、extracurricular 、extra
18、terrestrial 、extragalactice/ex=out(of); former export、express、exhit、exhaust 、effect、effort、elect、erupt 、emit 、extend 、expand、exhale、extract、exclude、enormous 、evaporate、eradicate、evacuate、emigrate 、evaluate、eliminate、emerge、emergency、emergencefore=front; before; beforehand forefoot、forehead、forenoon、
19、forefather、forename、foresight(hindsight)、forarm、forefinger、foreword、foresee、forecast、foretell、foredoom 、forebearin/im=into inland、inside、intake 、 indoor、income、include、inflate、inhabit、inject、inspect、inquire、inhale、infect、import 、immigrate、innovation、innovate、influencein/im/ir/il/un/dis=not inactive、
20、innocent、independent、invalid、invisible、informal、indirect 、intolerant、incompetent、inexact、inexpensive 、insufficient、inconvenience、insecure、infertile 、inevitable、incapable、inappropriate、infinite、insensible、illegal 、illiterate 、illogical、irregular、irresistible、irresponsible、irreparable、impossible、imbal
21、ance 、immortal、immature、impractical 、dislike、disappear、disappearance 、disagree 、disadvantage、dishonest、disloyalty、disarm、discourage、disorder、disloyal、discover、dissatisfied、dissatisfaction、unnecessary、unfortunately 、unforgettable、unbelievable 、untimely、unreasonableinter=between;mutually international
22、、interpersonal、intercontinental 、intermarriage、interfere、interchange 、interact 、 interaction、 interactivity、 Internet、interbreed、interrupt常见的前缀(前缀通常改变词意;后缀通常改变词性)kilo=one thousand kilometer、kilogram、kilowatt 、kilovoltmale/mal=bad(ly); evil(ly) malfunction、 maltreat、malpractice、malnutrition、mis=bad(l
23、y); wrong(ly) mistake、misunderstand 、mistreatment、misuse、misleading、misfortune、misconductmicro=very small; one millionthmicrophone、 microscope、microcircuit 、microbe、microcosm 、microwave、microbeammulti=many Multimedia、 multilateral、multicultural、multiracial、multinational、multilingual、multichannel、mul
24、tiple、multiply、multipurpose 、multicolored 、multimillionarenon=not; without Nonsense、nonviolence 、nonviolent、nonstop、nonfiction、nonsmoker 、out=out(side); more that; surpassoutcry、outline、outdoor、outstanding、outcome、outskirts、outburst、outbreak 、outgoing、outdated、outspoken、outnumber、outsmart、outwit、out
25、grow、outspeed、outrun 、outsize、outlive、outdo、outvalueover=above; too much; too overactive、 overreact、overboard、overdue、overcoat 、overhead、overpopulation 、oversleep、overwork、overtime、overpass、overuse、overdose、overflowpost=after; behind posthumous、pos twar、postpone、post graduate、postscriptpre=before; i
26、n front prehistoric、 premature、preschool 、pregnant、prepare、prejudice、predict、prefer、previewre=again; back retreat、reject、reflect、 reserve、repay 、recover、rebound、redemption、redeem、reborn 、reread、reopen、reappear、reconstruct、reconsider、recreate、renovation、renovate、self=onself; automatic self-deceiving、
27、self-denying、self-respect、self-supporting、self-evident、self-concious、self-control、self-sacrifice、self-service 、self-confidence、self-taught、self-winding、self-feedersuper=excessivly; above supernatural、superficial、supervise 、supermarket、super power 、super carrier 、super conductorsyn/sym/sy=together sy
28、nchronize、syndrome、sympathy、symphonytele=afar; to do with television telegraph、telescope 、telephone、telepathy、telescreen、telecourse 、telefilm 、telescriptunder=beneath; not enough underground、underwear、underline、underwater、undersea、underdog 、undergraduate 、undervalue、undersupply 、underdevelopedtrans=
29、across; beyond transport、transform 、transfer、translate 、transmit、transparent、transcribe、traditionsub=under; subordinate suburban、subject、submerge 、subtropical、subtitle、subconscious、subway、subscribede=down/away; make down/away; undoDecline、decrease、degrade 、degradation、devalue、degenerate 、deforest、debark、detrain、deplane、derail、defat、dewater、desalt 、decentralize、depopulate