1、 电能质量论文：基于 DSP 的电能质量检测仪的研制【中文摘要】电能作为人们广泛使用的能源,其应用程度是衡量一个国家发展水平和综合国力的重要标志之一。随着电力电子技术的不断发展,各种非线性负载在人们的生产和生活中得到广泛应用,这些负载的非线性使得电网的供电质量日益恶化。为保证电力系统安全稳定运行,迫切需要对电能质量的各种参数进行实时检测。论文对电能质量的基本概念、定义及相关的国家标准进行归纳整理,分析了电能质量参数检测技术的国内外研究现状与发展趋势,介绍了谐波的危害性和当前的谐波检测方法,并在国家标准的基础上,提出了系统的设计方案,并从硬件和软件两个方面来论述电能质量检测系统的研制。硬件方面,
2、以 TMS320F2812 为核心,利用电压传感器系列VSM025A 型、电流传感器系列 CS040G、工业液晶显示器 LR080AR/D完成了系统数据采集模块、数据处理模块、通信模块、人机交互模块的设计,并在此基础上实现了电能质量检测系统的原理设计及实验装置制作。硬件设计的重点在于数据采集部分,为了使采集的电压和电流的幅值能达到采样的范围,采用传感器和运算放大器组成的信号调理电路对其进行变换。软件方面,主要完成了系统的初始化设置、A/D 转换、FFT 算法、数据分析及传输等方面的程序设计。其中,采用 C 语言来实现 FFT 算法,并做以下三个改进：旋转因子预存储、采用 TMS320F2812
3、 的位倒序寻址功能来实现位码的倒序排列和蝶形运算。把 N 点实数电网信号分成奇偶子序列,再拼成 N/2 点复数序列进行 FFT 运算,再用 N/2 点序列的运算结果按一定规律生成 N 点实数信号的 FFT 计算结果。以快速傅里叶变换、对称分量法等算法实现谐波、相电压与线电压有效值、频率、正序电压、负序电压、零序电压的计算。并通过编写液晶显示程序,实现测量数据的显示功能。在完成系统设计及实验装置制作的基础上,对整个系统进行了调试,得到如下电能质量参数：频谱、相电压有效值、线电压有效值、正序负序零序电压、频率、三相电压波形。实验测试结果表明,系统软件和硬件运行正确,能够达到预期。【英文摘要】Ele
4、ctric energy is wildly used in peoples life,its application has been one of the most important symbols of national development and comprehensive nation power. With the development of the power electronics technology, kinds of non-linear loads are greatly applied. Therefore, it gradually deteriorates
5、 the power quality of electric grid. To promote the safe and stable operation of the power system, there is an urgent need for the monitor of parameters of electric power quality.In this paper, the concept of power quality, some related national standards and the situation of academic research and i
6、ndustry development of power quality monitoring technology have been introduced in detail. Then the harm of harmonic and kinds of general analysis methods applied in inharmonic monitoring have been discussed. Based on the national standards on electric power quality, a novel power quality monitor sy
7、stem has been designed. From the view of both the hardware and software, the designed methods and operation mechanism have been analysis.The data acquisition module are designed based on the hardware of TMS320F2812, voltage sensor series VSM025A, current sensor series CS040G and industrial LCD monit
8、ors LR080AR/D. the data processing module are consisted by the communication module and HCI module. And it accomplishes the principle of power quality detection system design and production of experimental apparatus. The design of hardware focuses on the data collection, in order to ensure the measu
9、red current and voltage to reach the range of collection system, a signal conditioning circuit is applied to modify it, which is constituted by mutual inductor and OPAMP. The keyboard is used to achieve the function of data inputting and command transmission, and the displaying part is designed base
10、d on the Large-scale dot-matrix LED.In this system, the software are mainly applied for the work of system initialized configuration, the programming of A/D transfer, the programming of FFT, data analysis and data transmission. However, it would be better to implement FFT algorithm with C language,
11、and further improvements can be made by twiddle factor pre-storage, bit reverse algorithm and stages of butterfly. And then, the N point real signal is divided into two parts such as odd sequence and even sequence, which can be used to form an N/2 point complex signal sequence. The result of FFT can
12、 be applied to form an N/2 point complex signal sequence; therefore, the FFT calculation efficiency could be promoted. Moreover the calculations based on FFT and method of symmetrical components of values as follows are accomplished: harmonics, root mean square of phase voltage and line voltage as w
13、ell as phase current, frequency, Positive sequence voltage, Negative sequence voltage, and Zero sequence voltage. Finally, A LCD driver program is designed to display all the results.Based on our designed system and other related experimental instruments and tools, the entire system are tested and t
14、he reached power quality parameters are as following:spectrum, RMS phase voltage, line voltage rms value, positive sequence/negative sequence/zero sequence voltage, frequency, phase voltage waveform. The result of test and the analysis of error indelicate that the software and hardware operated corr
15、ectly, which can achieve the desired task.【关键词】电能质量 快速傅立叶变换 谐波分析 数字信号处理器【英文关键词】Power Quality FFT Harmonic Analysis DSP【目录】基于 DSP 的电能质量检测仪的研制 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7-8 第 1 章 绪论 12-16 1.1 电能质量研究背景 12 1.2 电能质量研究意义 12-13 1.3 电能质量研究现状 13 1.4 电能质量发展趋势 13-14 1.5 本文的主要工作 14-16 第 2 章 电能质量检测的概述 16-24 2.1 引言 16 2.2
16、电能质量定义 16 2.3 电能质量国家标准 16-17 2.4 电能质量分类 17-18 2.4.1 稳态电能质量 17 2.4.2 动态电能质量 17-18 2.5 电能质量产生及危害 18-22 2.5.1 电网谐波 18-19 2.5.2 频率偏差 19-20 2.5.3 电压偏差 20-21 2.5.4 三相不平衡度 21-22 2.6 电能质量分析方法 22-23 2.6.1 时域仿真法 22 2.6.2 频域分析法 22 2.6.3 基于变换的分析方法 22-23 2.7 小结 23-24 第3 章 电能质量参数检测方法的研究 24-34 3.1 引言 24 3.2 检测原理概述
17、 24 3.3 基于傅里叶变换的分析方法 24-29 3.3.1 连续傅立叶变换 24-25 3.3.2 离散傅里叶变换 25 3.3.3 快速傅里叶变换 25-26 3.3.4 按时间抽取的基-2FFT 算法 26-27 3.3.5 FFT 算法的问题 27-29 3.4 电能质量参数的检测 29-32 3.4.1 频率检测 29 3.4.2 谐波检测 29-31 3.4.3 电压电流有效值检测 31-32 3.4.4 三相不平衡度检测 32 3.5 小结 32-34 第 4 章 系统结构与硬件设计 34-47 4.1 引言 34 4.2 系统框架 34-35 4.3 数据采集模块 35-4
18、1 4.3.1 传感器 35-37 4.3.2 信号调理电路 37-39 4.3.3 过零检测电路 39-40 4.3.4 A/D 数模转换 40-41 4.4 DSP处理模块 41-43 4.4.1 DSP 选型分析 41 4.4.2 电源与看门狗 41-42 4.4.3 时钟设计 42-43 4.4.4 JTAG 接口 43 4.5 串口通信模块 43-44 4.6 键盘及液晶显示模块 44-46 4.6.1键盘电路 44-45 4.6.2 液晶显示电路 45-46 4.7 小结 46-47 第 5 章 系统的软件设计 47-61 5.1 引言 47 5.2 软件构架 47-48 5.3
19、系统控制模块 48-49 5.4 A/D 采样的软件实现 49-51 5.4.1 采样方式定义 49-50 5.4.2 触发方式定义 50 5.4.3 顺序转换通道定义 50-51 5.4.4 A/D 中断子程序 51 5.5 数据处理的软件实现 51-55 5.5.1 谐波的计算 52-54 5.5.2 频率的计算 54 5.5.3 线电压的计算 54 5.5.4 正序负序零序的计算 54-55 5.6 通信模块的软件实现 55-56 5.7 键盘及液晶显示的软件实现 56-59 5.7.1 键盘 57 5.7.2 LCD 显示 57-59 5.8 小结 59-61 第 6 章 系统调试与分析 61-68 6.1 调试平台及标准参数 61 6.2 数据处理模块调试分析 61-63 6.3 界面显示 63-65 6.4 频谱显示 65-66 6.5 误差分析 66 6.6 改进措施 66-68 结论与展望 68-70 致谢 70-71 参考文献 71-74 附录 1 硬件原理图 74-75 附录 2 部分程序清单 75-84 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文及科研实践 84
