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公共政策制定中公民参与的形式及其选择维度.doc

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2、袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈

3、螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆

4、腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃

5、肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀

6、肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈

7、羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅

8、袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃

9、袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀

10、螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅

11、肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂

12、肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀

13、羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇

14、羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅

15、衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂

16、螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀

17、膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇

18、肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀膀肃蒀袂羃莂葿薂螆芇蒈蚄羁膃薇螆螄聿薆蒆罿羅薆薈螂莄薅螀肈芀薄袃袁膆薃薂肆肂薂蚅衿莁薁螇肄芇蚀衿袇膃蚀蕿肃聿芆螁袅肅芅袄膁莃芄薃羄艿芄蚆腿膅芃螈羂肁节袀螅莀莁薀羀芆莀蚂螃膂荿袅

19、罿膈莈薄袁肄莈蚆肇莂莇蝿袀芈莆袁肅膄莅薁袈肀蒄蚃肃羆蒃螅袆芅蒂蒅肂芁蒂蚇羅膇蒁螀 公共政策制定中公民参与的形式及其选择维度摘要:公民参与公共政策制定的重大价值功能已为人们所认识,这些价值功能的实现程度要受多种因素影响,公民参与形式无疑是其重要因素之一。当前的公民参与形式主要有公民调查、公民会议、听证会、专家咨询、恳谈会、关键公众接触、由公民发起的接触、旁听、网络参与。从必要性、主动性、代表性、公平性、有序性和时效性维度来分析公民参与形式,有助于公共政策制定中正确地选择公民参与形式,增强公民参与效果。关键词:公共政策;公民参与;公民参与形式;公民参与形式选择公共政策是公共权力机关经由政治过程所选

20、择和制定的为解决公共问题、达成公共目标、实现公共利益的方案,其实质是公共权力机关为着一定目的而进行的社会资源配置和社会价值的分配。公民9JWKffwvG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ!djs#XuyUP2kNXpRWXmA&UE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#

21、QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmUE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wE

22、wZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6

23、YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z8vG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ!djs#XuyUP2kNXpRWXmA&UE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz

24、849GxG89AmUE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv

25、*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z8vG#tYM*Jg&6a*CZ7H$dq8KqqfHVZFedswSyXTy#&QA9wkxFyeQ!djs#XuyUP2kNXpRWXmA&UE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazad

26、Nu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X

27、4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmUE9aQGn8xp$R#͑GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXR

28、m6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu

29、GK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5p

30、Dx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89Amv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vS

31、TT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849G

32、xGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz84!z89Amv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#Qc

33、UE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVku

34、m&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR

35、9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmY

36、Wv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqvadNu#KN&MuWFA5ux

37、Y7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ks

38、v*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89Amv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#

39、KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#

40、KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz84!z89Amv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NG

41、pP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK

42、8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%MadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*adNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9Cpb

43、K!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3

44、tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89Amv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9

45、wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YW

46、RrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz84!z89Amv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8

47、!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWv*3tnGK8!z

48、89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$U*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNuGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxY7JnD6YWRrWwcvR9CpbK!zn%Mz849GxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazadNu#KN&MuWFA5uxGjqv$UE9wEwZ#QcUE%&qYpEh5pDx2zVkum&gTXRm6X4NGpP$vSTT#&ksv*3tnGK8!z89AmYWpazad

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