1、COMMA （逗号）1. In a Series Place a comma between three or more items connected by a coordinating conjunction(在一系列三个或三个以上项目之间放置一个逗号由并列连接词连接)Caution: Do not place commas between two items separated by and or between three items separated from one another by ands.(警告:两个项目之间不加逗号隔开或由 and 三个项目之间彼此分开 )Incorr
2、ect(错误的)：Correct: Remember to place a comma before the coordinating conjunction joining the last two elements of the series. Otherwise, the intended meaning of the sentence may not be clear.（记得把逗号并列连接词前加入的最后两个元素系列。否则,句子的含义可能不清楚。）Confusing：Confusing：2. Between Coordinate Adjectives Place commas betwe
3、en equal adjectives with no coordinating conjunction between them.（之间协调的形容词 与不平等的形容词之间加逗号协调它们之间的结合。）Example:Incorrect:3. Before FANBOYS between Independent Clauses in Compound Sentences（之前粉丝复合句句子独立子句之间的）The war lasted for two years, but very few people supported it.（战争持续了两年,但是很少人支持它。）Caution: Do not
4、 place a comma between two items with FANBOYS when one item is not a complete sentence.（警告:不要将两个项目之间的逗号粉丝当一个项目不是一个完整的句子。）Incorrect:Caution: Do not place a comma after the FANBOY. Incorrect:Note: The comma may be omitted between independent clauses if a sentence is very short.（注:独立子句之间的逗号可以省略,如果一个句子很
5、短。）Example: 4. Nonessential Adjective Clauses / Nonessential participial phrases - Separate unneeded adjective clauses and participial phrases from the rest of the sentence.（不必要的形容词子句/不必要的分词短语- 单独的不必要的定语从句和分词短语句子的其余部分）Caution: Do not separate needed adjective clauses and participial phrases from the
6、 rest of the sentence. （警告:不区分定语从句和分词短语与句子的其余部分。）Incorrect:5. Introductory Elements - Place a comma after certain introductory elements.(介绍元素一些介绍性的元素后面加逗号。)A. Long prepositional phrases or a succession of prepositional phrasesExamples:Note: With short introductory prepositional phrases, the comma is
7、 optional.(注意:简短的介绍性的介词短语,逗号是可选的。)Examples:B. Participial phrases(分词短语)Examples:C. Gerunds as objects of prepositions（动名词和介词的对象）Example:6. To separate Interrupters （分离的打扰者）A. Parenthetical expressions and transitions (in my opinion, unfortunately, moreover, of course, as a matter of fact, indeed, fo
8、r example, etc.)括号表达式和转换（在我看来,不幸的是,此外,当然,事实上,事实上,例如,等等）Example:B. Nonessential Appositives (renamers) 不必要的并列Example:Caution: Do not separate essential appositives with commas.（警告:不要单独用逗号 appositives 至关重要。）Incorrect:In the above example, the appositive is essential since there is more than one daught
9、er. Therefore, do not place commas around the appositive.（在上面的例子中,同位语是至关重要的,因为不仅仅是一个女儿。因此,不加逗号同位语。）Correct:7. Nonessential Examples Introduced by such as, especially, particularly （特别是引入不必要的例子如,特别是）Examples:（表达式的对比）9. Dates and Addresses - When a date or address with several parts occurs in a senten
10、ce, place a comma between each element and after the last part.（日期和地址当一个日期或几个部分地址可以发生在一个句子,每个元素之间放置一个逗号和之后的最后一部分。）Examples:Caution: When the date or address has only one element or has its individual parts separated by words in the sentence, do not use a comma within or after the date or address.（警告:当日期和地址只有一个元素或者单词在句子中的各个部分分开,不要使用逗号或之后日期或地址。）Incorrect:correct:10. Before Confirmatory Questions - Place a comma between the confirmatory question and the statement that precedes it.（之前确认的问题 一个逗号之间的确认问题,它前面的声明。）Example:（老名字后跟 Jr .)博士,医学博士）（澄清,否则误读词组）
