1、第一课时 词的类别知识点讲解一、词类的概括英语中的单词可以分为两种十类。一种是实词，包括：名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和数词；另一种是虚词，包括：冠词、介词、连词和感叹词。实词可以在句子中独立作句子成分，虚词在句子中不能独立作句子成分。二、词的具体类别(实词和虚词)（1）实词名词(Noun)：表示人或事物的名称。 例如：男孩boy； 书 book代词(Pronoun):代替名词、数词等。 例如：我们 we；许多many动词(Verb)：表示动作或状态。 例如：去 go；是be数词(Numeral)：表示数量或顺序。 例如：五five；第一first形容词(Adjective)：用以修饰名词，
2、表示人或事物的特征。 例如：高的 tall；好的good副词(Adverb)：用以修饰动词、形容词、副词等，表示动作或状态的特征。例如：慢慢地slowly；非常 very（2）虚词冠词（Article）：用在名词前面，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。例如：一a, an；这，那the介词（Preposition）：用在名词、代词等的前面，说明它与别的词之间的关系。例如：在里面in；关于about连词(Conjunction):用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句子与句子。例如：和and；但but感叹词(Interjection):表示说话时的感情或口气。例如：oh 哦；ah啊第二课时 冠词一.概念冠词是一
3、个虚词,它置于名词之前,限定名词的意义.冠词可分为：定冠词,不定冠词和零冠词三类.二.相关知识点精讲（1）不定冠词：a用于辅音发音开头的词前, 如：a book; an用于元音发音开头的词前，如：an apple, an hour. 请区别：a useful machine, an umbrella, a“u”, an “h”。1.不定冠词的基本用法. a/an 用于单数可数名词前，表示“一”。a book a boy a man a bird a dog an hour 【练习】 判断正误：a story( ) a bread ( ) a paper（ ） a bag（ ）a pretty
4、woman（ ） a school ( ) a useful book ( ).表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。 例如：That is a pen, not a pencil. 那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）Give him a pear, please! 请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个）Listen! A boy is singing in the classroom. . 和 one 的区别： a/an 表示类别 种类 One 强调数量 a bus （表示是一辆公交车
5、而不是一辆小汽车 也不是火车）one bus (强调是一辆车 而不是两辆或三辆)There is a cat under the chair. 椅子下面有一只猫。（强调种类）There is one cat under the chair.椅子下边有一只猫。（强调数量）. 表示基本单位，作“ 每一 ”讲。例如：three times a day, 10 yuan a kilo six class a day thirty miles an hour等。.用在作表语的单数可数名词前，表示身份、职业。My father is a factory manager.我父亲是一个工厂经理。.用在某些表示
6、数量的词组中a lot of 许多 a couple of 一对 a great many 很多 a great deal of 大量a dozen 一打（但也可用one dozen）表示“同一”The two girls are nearly of an age. 这两个女孩几乎同岁。第一次提到的人或事，但不特别指明是哪一个。There is a dog lying at the door. 在门口躺着一条狗。2.不定冠词的特殊用法用在such a/an, quite a/an 句式中。She is quite a good teacher.她是一个相当好的老师。用在what引导的感叹句中。
7、What a good doctor he is!他是一个多么好的医生啊！3.不定冠词的习惯用法与时间有关的短语a moment ago 一会儿前 all of a sudden 突然 with a smile 微笑着 just a minute/moment 一会儿与一些常用动词搭配构成give a lecture 举行讲座 take an interest in 对感兴趣 make a promise许诺（2）定冠词：1.含义 the 表示特指。 表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，相当于汉语中的“那个” 或“这个”的意思。the book in my
8、bag the boy under the tree the apples in the basket the hospital near my home 可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。the books the book the rice the bread the football the old man the interesting book the teachers the women 2.基本用法 定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指” ：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。 Do you know the girl in a red skirt? 你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？ B
9、eijing is the capital of China. 北京是中国的首都。再次提到上文提到过的人或物，应该用定冠词the。例如：Tom has an apple, The apple is big and red.There is a boy under the tree.The boy is my brother. 指谈话双方都知道的人或物。例如：Lets go and give it to the teacher.咱们去把它交给老师吧。Open the door，please!请打开门。用于某些固定词组中。 例如:in the morning / afternoon / eveni
10、ng 等。用在形容词前表示一类人。the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the rich富裕的人 the poor_ the deaf _ the blind_用在表示“ 姓” 的复数名词前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。 例如：The Whites are spending their holiday in England. The Greens came to China two years ago .用在由普通名词构成的表示场所的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城 the Summer Place颐和园the United States 美国 the October Re
11、volution 十月革命 the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army 中国人民解放军 the Long March 长征用在序数词或形容词最高级前 The first thing I want to say is to listen carefully in class. He is the tallest one in our class. 世界上独一无二的事物等（月亮、地球、天空、宇宙） the globe太阳系 the universe 宇宙 the atmosphere大气层The sun rises in the east. The earth goes
12、 round the sun. 在世纪，年代名词前用冠词。 in the 1980s 或 in the 1980s 20世纪80年代 in the nineteenth century 二十世纪.在江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河前用the。 the Changjang River 长江 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific Ocean 太平洋.在介词短语中常用定冠词the，如：in the box ,behind the chair。不能用定冠词the的几个方面： 在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。如：in summer, in August 请区别
13、：in the springof 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。如：have breakfast ,play football一些固定词组中，如：go to bed ,go to school, by bus ,at night.在有些词组中，有冠词和无冠词意思不同，请注意区别：in front of 在前面, in the front of 在范围内的前部 in hospital (生病) 住院, in the hospital 在医院里。四、零冠词：一、定义所谓零冠词，即指不使用冠词的情况：二、用法：（1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词 The de
14、sk is made of wood. What is work? Work is struggle（2）国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England， China Mary Lilei Mr.Green （3）在星期、月份，季节等名词前；Sunday March summer winter （4）名词前有物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，名词所有格修饰时(this ， my，that， those ， these， her)如：this morning my pen your watch whose bike 等（5）在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：have breakfast pla
15、y chess play basketball (注意1. 在乐器前必须加定冠词 如弹钢琴play the piano play the violin注意2.但三餐名词之前若加形容词时则除外)（6）当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus by train by car by air by bike by plane （注意 如果用介词on 表示乘坐交通工具 必须用a 或an 来表示 如 in a bus on a bike 等）（7）有些个体名词不用冠词；如：school，college，prison，market ，hospital ，bed，table，cl
16、ass，town，church，court 等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；go to hospital 去医院看病go to the hospital 去医院 ( 并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)（8）泛指一类人或事物Men are clever than monkeys.人比猴子聪明。第三课时 巩固练习冠词填空1.There is _ picture of _ elephant on _ wall 2This is _ useful bookIve read it for _ hour 3 _ elephant is much heavier than _ horse 4
17、_ doctor told him to take _ medicine three times _ day 5Lets go out for _ walk 6Its too hotOpen _ door，please 7There is _ woman over there _ woman is Meimeis mother 8 _ sun rises in _ east 9 _ Changjiang River is _ longest river in _ China 10Are you going to do it _ second time？ 11Washington is _ ca
18、pital of _ USA 12 _ Turners are living at the end of _ Turner Street 13He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995 14 _ old man is _ teacherHe likes playing _ basketball after _ supper 15After I had _ quick breakfast，I hurried to school 16Are _ sheep kept by _ farmers for producing _ wool and _ meat？ 1
19、7They went to _ Peoples Park，but we both went to _ Peoples Cinema yesterday 18I often watch _ TV in _ evening 19 _ day of _ December 20，1999 is Monday 20Tomorrow is _ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _ Christmas tree today 21I think _ maths is more important than any other subject 22
20、He often goes to _ school by _ bike 23What does this _ word mean， _ Father？ 24What _ important news！ 选择填空1Does Jim have _ ruler？ Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba ；one Ca； Dany；one 2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr Zhaos Aan ；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe ； The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay AThe BA C
21、 An DTwo 4How many books do you have？ I have _ book Thats _ English book Aa；an Ba ；one Cone；an Done ；one 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old baby Aa B an Cthe D 6 _ tiger is _ China AThe；a BA；the CThe；from DThe；the 7We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe ； C a ； D； 8 _ useful book it is！ AWhat
22、an B How a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _ “s”on the corner of _ handbag Aa；an；the B a；a；the Can ；an；an D the；a ；a 10 _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meeting AAn；an ；a BThe；an CThe；a DThe；the 11 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the world AA；a BThe；the
23、 CA；the DThe；a 12 _ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River AThe；a BA； C A；the DAn； the 13 _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our school AA；an BThe；a CThe；the DA；the 14He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writer Aa；a Ba ；the C；a Da； 15They made him _ king Aa B the Can D 16His f
24、ather is _ English teacherHe works in our school Aa B an Cthe D 17Is he _ American boy ？ Aan B a Cone D 18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？ A； B；the Cthe； Da ； 19They passed our school _ day before yesterday Aan B one C a Dthe 20Australia is _ English-speaking country Aa B an C the D 21
25、She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa；The Ban；The Can；A Dthe ；The 22This is _ appleIts _ big apple Aan；a Ba ；the Ca；an Dan ；the 23Look at _ horse over there Aa B an C the D 24Dont play _ basketball hereIts dangerous Aa B an C Dthe 25There is _ old woman in the car A Bthe Ca Dan 26Beijing is _ be
26、autiful cityIts _ capital of China Aa；a Bthe ；the C；the Da；the 27Shanghai is in _ east of China A Ban Ca Dthe 28Ive been a student there for nearly two and _ half years Aa B an C the D 29Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ football Aa；the Ban ；the Ca； Dan； Aan30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ bus ； B an；a Ca ； D；
