1、1英语语法专用术语汉英对照语法 grammar 句法 syntax词法 morphology 句子 sentence从句 clause 词组 phrase词类 part of speech 单词 word实词 notional word 虚词 structural word单纯词 simple word 派生词 derivative复合词 compound 集体名词 collective noun个体名词 individual noun 介词 preposition连词 conjunction 动词 verb主动词 main verb 及物动词 transitive verb不及物动词 int
2、ransitive verb 系动词 link verb助动词 auxiliary verb 情态动词 modal verb规则动词 regular verb 不规则动词 irregular verb动词短语 phrasal verb 限定动词 finite verb使役动词 causative verb 感官动词 verb of senses动态动词 event verb 静态动词 state verb感叹词 exclamation 形容词 adjective名词 noun 专有名词 proper noun普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun不可数名词 u
3、ncountable noun 抽象名词 abstract noun具体名词 concrete noun 物质名词 material noun2原级 positive 比较级 comparative最高级 superlative 副词 adverb方式副词 adverb of manner 程度副词 adverb of degree时间副词 adverb of time 地点副词 adverb of place修饰性副词 adjunct 连接性副词 conjunct疑问副词 interrogative adverb 关系副词 relative adverb代词 pronoun 人称代词 per
4、sonal pronoun物主代词 possessive pronoun 反身代词 reflexive pronoun相互代词 reciprocal pronoun 指示代词 demonstrative pronoun疑问代词 interrogative pronoun 关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词 indefinite pronoun 物主代词 possessive pronoun名词性物主代词 nominal possessive pronoun 形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessive pronoun冠词 article 定冠词 definite
5、 article不定冠词 indefinite article 数词 numeral基数词 cardinal numeral 序数词 ordinal numeral分数词 fractional numeral 形式 form单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural form 限定动词 finite verb form 非限定动词 non-finite verb form 原形从句 base form clause 从属句 subordinate clause并列句 coordinate clause 名词从句 nominal clause定语从句 attributive c
6、lause 状语从句 adverbial clause3宾语从句 object clause 主语从句 subject clause同位语从句 appositive clause时间状语从句 adverbial clause of time 地点状语从句 adverbial clause of place 方式状语从句 adverbial clause of manner 让步状语从句 adverbial clause of concession 原因状语从句 adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句 adverbial clause of result目的状语从句 ad
7、verbial clause of purpose条件状语从句 adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句 adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句 adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句 adverbial clause of mixed condition 句子 sentence 简单句 simple sentence 并列句 compound sentence 复合句 complex
8、 sentence 并列复合句 compound sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence 疑问句 interrogative sentence 一般疑问句 general question 特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句 alternative question附加疑问句 tag question 反义疑问句 disjunctive 4question修辞疑问句 rhetorical question 感叹疑问句 exclamatory question 存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sente
9、nce 基本句型 basic sentence pattern 否定句 negative sentence祈使句 imperative sentence 省略句 elliptical sentence 感叹句 exclamatory sentence 句子成分 members of sentence 主语 subject 谓语 predicate宾语 object 双宾语 dual object直接宾语 direct object 间接宾语 indirect object复合宾语 complex object 同源宾语 cognate object补语 complement主补 subject
10、 complement 宾补 object complement表语 predicative 定语 attribute同位语 appositive 状语 adverbial句法关系 syntactic relationship 并列 coordinate从属 subordinate 修饰 modification前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制 restriction 双重限制 double restriction非限制 non-restriction 数 number单数形式 singular form 复数形式 plural f
11、orm规则形式 regular form 不规则形式 irregular form5格 case普通格 common case 所有格 possessive case主格 nominative case 宾格 objective case性 gender 阳性 masculine阴性 feminine 通性 common中性 neuter 人称 person第一人称 first person 第二人称 second person 第三人称 third person 时态 tense过去将来时 past future tense 过去将来进行时 past future continuous te
12、nse 一般现在时 present simple tense 一般过去时 past simple tense 一般将来时 future simple tense 现在完成时 present perfect tense 过去完成时 past perfect tense将来完成时 future perfect tense 现在进行时 present continuous tense 过去进行时 past continuous tense 将来进行时 future continuous tense过去将来进行时 past future continuous 语态 voice主动语态 active v
13、oice 被动语态 passive voice 语气 mood 陈述语气 indicative mood祈使语气 imperative mood 虚拟语气 subjunctive mood否定 negation 否定范围 scope of negation6全部否定 full negation 局部否定 partial negation转移否定 shift of negation 语序 order自然语序 natural order 倒装语序 inversion全部倒装 full inversion 部分倒装 partial inversion直接引语 direct speech 简介引语 i
14、ndirect speech自由直接引语 free direct speech 自由间接引语 free indirect speech 一致 agreement主谓一致 subject-predicate agreement 语法一致 grammatical agreement概念一致 notional agreement 就近原则 principle of proximity 强调 emphasis重复 repetition 语音 pronunciation语调 tone 声调 rising tone降调 falling tone 升降调 falling-rising tone 文体 style 结构 structure层次 rank 正式文体 formal非正式文体 informal 口语 spoken/oral English套语 formulistic expression 用法 usage感情色彩 emotional coloring 褒义 commendatory贬义 derogatory 幽默 humorous讽刺 sarcastic
