1、第一课 The Middle Eastern Bazaar 中东的集市一一 Writing StyleA description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.A description is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of ones senses - sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch.一一 Rhetoric retrik 修辞1.Personi
2、fication: an act of personifying sth that is without life 人格拟人化2.Hyperbole: overstate or exaggerate sth. in order to make it sound bigger, smaller, better, worse, etc. than it really is.夸张3.Metaphor：a word or phrase used in an imaginative way to describe sbsth else,in order to show that the two thin
3、gs have the same qualities to make the description more powerful.暗喻4. onomatopoeia: the fact of words containing sounds similar to the noises they describe .拟声,拟声法一一 Words and Phrases 重点词汇1. glare: shining intensely, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes vi.发强光 The sun glare
4、d on the sea.太阳在海上发出令人目眩的光芒n.强光 The glare of the headlights almost blinded us.汽车前灯耀眼的光使我们睁不开眼。怒视, 瞪眼 She looked at him with an angry glare. 她生气地瞪着他。shadowy: hard to see or know about clearly not distinct, dimadj.多阴影的 a shadowy path through the woods 树林里幽暗的小径似影子的;模糊的 She saw a shadowy figure through
5、the blind.她透过帘子看到一个模糊的身影。2. harmoniously: in a pleasant and peaceful way和谐地;调和地 the need to live as harmoniously as possible with everyone else 与每个人尽可能和睦相处的必要4.harmonious： adj.和谐的,和睦的;协调的,调和的a harmonious group of friends 一群和睦的朋友音调优美的;悦耳的 harmonious music 悦耳的乐曲5.throng (n.) :a great number of people
6、gathered together；crowd 人群；群集 A patient throng was waiting in silence. 一大群耐心的人在静静地等着。6.conceivable 可想到的, 可相信的, 可想像的There is no conceivable reason why there should be any difficulty.想不出有什么理由可以说明会遇到困难。It is conceivable that there will be a new economic crisis throughout the world, but we hope it wont
7、happen.人们相信一场新的经济危机可能再次席卷全球, 但是我们希望它不要发生。7. din: loud, confused, continuous noise. The word often suggests unpleasant, disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing soundsn.喧闹声, 嘈杂声 The bustle and din gradually faded to silence as night advanced.随着夜越来越深, 喧闹声逐渐沉寂。辨析：din 指连续不断的噪音，听了很使人心烦意乱；sound 指人们感
8、 觉到的各种各 样的声音，包括高亢的， 轻柔的，悦耳的，难听的；noise 指所有强烈的、混乱的或令人不快的 sounds。8. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player / her would-be husband9.vigorous:adj.有力的 She made a vigorous speech in defence of her boyfriend.她为她的男朋友做了有力的辩护。精力充沛的 The old man is stil
9、l vigorous and lively.那老人依然精力充沛。10. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract讨价还价; 商谈，商讨条件 In some shops you have to bargain.在一些商店中买东西要讲价。bargain on/for 指望；期待“I never bargained for this tearing feeling inside me”( - Anne Tyler)“我从来没想到自己内心有如此激烈的感情”( - 安妮 泰勒)11. dizzy: fee
10、ling as if everything were turning round 头昏眼花的, 眩晕的 I was dizzy from lack of food.由于没吃东西我感到头晕目眩引起头晕的 He drove the car at dizzy speed.他以令人 头晕的速度开车。The dizzy heights(非正式)重要的位置He soon reached the dizzy heights ofhis own series.他很快在他这个系列身居高位。12 penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or thro
11、ugh.穿过, 刺入, 渗入 The knife penetrated his finger.刀子刺入他的手指。Water penetrated the room.水渗入房间里。看穿 He penetrated our thoughts. 他看穿了我 们的心思。The spys disguise was soon penetrated. 间谍的伪装不久便被识破了。13. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.(使)褪去, (使)枯萎 Will the colour in this material fade? 这种料子褪色吗?逐渐消失 H
12、is hopes faded. 他的希望破 灭了。fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearing The sound of the footsteps faded away.14. mute: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usual缄默的;无声的 She gave me her hand with mute thanks.她向我伸手表示无言的谢意。The class remained mute when the teacher asked a di
13、fficult question.老师问到难题时, 全班都沉默无言.哑的, 不会说话的The boy is mute and deaf. 这男孩既 聋又哑。The child has been mute since birth. 这孩子从生下来就不能讲话。(字母) 不发 音的The word “debt” contains a mute letter.在 debt 这个词中有一个不发音的字母。消除(声音), 减轻( 声音)15. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightness抑制 (感情); 缓 和 (疼痛)
14、Alcohol was used to deaden the pain.减弱 (声音) Wood is used to deaden the noise.木头可以用来消音。16. measured: carefully controlled仔细斟酌的,慎重的A policeman walked by with a slow, measured tread.一名警察迈着小心的步子慢慢走过。缓慢而又有节奏的 a measured rhythm 有节奏的韵律17. overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenly覆盖, 淹没 A gr
15、eat wave overwhelmed the boat. 一个巨浪吞没了那只小船。（感情或感觉）充溢，难以禁受He was overwhelmed by the death of his father. 他为父 亲的去世而悲痛至极。Sorrow overwhelmed the family. 悲伤情绪充满整个家庭。18. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismal 抑郁严肃的He often speaks in a sepulchral tone.19. follow suit: to do the same as someone else h
16、as done, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits 跟着做，照着做When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes. 20. peculiarity:【pkju:li:rti:】 a special feature that is different from normal or usual, strangeness古怪, 怪癖One of his peculiarities is t
17、hat his two eyes are not of the same colour . 特色, 特性Each country has its own peculiarity. 每个国家都有自己的独特之处。21deal in: sell and buy, trade in买卖 This merchant deals in silk goods.22scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwing(使) 散开, ( 使)分散; 驱散Hearin
18、g the explosion, the frightened people scattered about in all directionsThe wind soon scattered the clouds. 风起云散。撒开 The farmers were scattering seeds on the fields. 农夫把种子撒在田里。23knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network编结, 编织；针织；机织 She knits all day. 她整日编织毛线。Mother
19、is knitting a sweater. 母 亲正在 织毛衣。24guild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another 25persecution: cruel treatment 迫害 persecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefs (尤指宗教或政治信仰的)迫害（sb. for sth.）His
20、mother was persecuted to death. 他母亲被迫害致死。be persecuted by sb. for sth.suffer from political / religious persecution26order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of things Learning English is now the order of the day in China.Jeans and mini-skirts are no
21、 longer the order of the day now.27preliminary: coming before sth., introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatory初步的, 预备的, 开端的They are taking preliminary steps in preparation for a possible war.他们正在为应付一场可能的战争做初步的准备。准备工作, 初步行动There are a lot of preliminaries to be gone through before
22、you can visit certain foreigners. 在 访问某些外国人之前要做好 许多准备工作28beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a price还价，讨价 The man asked $50 for the dress, but I beat him down to $35. 29a point of honour:sth.considered important for ones self-respect至关重要的Its a point of hono
23、ur with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that a
24、ll the windows are shut before I go outI always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wifes birthday.30deprive of: take away from 剥夺 sb 的The judge deprived him of his political rights. 法官剥夺了他的政治权利 The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.31sacrifice: to give u
25、p or lose, esp. for some good purpose or belief 牺牲, 舍身，舍弃His parents made a lot of sacrifices to make sure he got a good education.他的父母为确保他得到良好的教育而作了很多牺牲。祭献；祭祀；祭献的牲畜；祭品They killed a sheep as a sacrifice. 他们宰了一只羊作 为祭品。牺牲, 献出Jacelin sacrificed his life to save the child from the fire.杰斯林牺牲自己的生命把孩子从火中救
26、了出来32at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of timeTrains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.33. picturesque美丽的, 有趣的, 风景如画的You can see the picturesque shores beside the river.在河边你可以看到景色如画的两岸。生动的; 活泼的That was a picturesque phrase. 那是一
27、个形象化的说法。34. impinge on (upon): to have influence on 对起作用，影响The strong light impinges on his eyes.35distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc.截然不同的, 完全分开的The party split into two distinct groups. 该党分裂成两个截然不同的 团体。清晰的, 明白的, 明显的There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English.你的英语口语有明显的进步。36f
28、airyland 美妙神奇的地方, 仙境The garden was a fairyland of beautiful flowers and sweet odors.那座花园是个繁花似锦、香气 袭人的仙境。37Innumerable无数的, 数不清的Technological innovations have brought innumerable benefits.技术革新已经带来了无穷的好处。38. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable非正难以置信的, 不可思议的, 惊人的Some planets run at incr
29、edible speed.某些星球以难以置信的速度运行着。39. vessel: a round container, such as a glass, a pot, or a bottle, used for holding liquids容器You should put the water into a vessel. 你应该把水装入容器中。血管, 脉管, 导管The doctor said Id severed a vessel in my leg.医生说我割断了腿上的一根血管40.tiny 极小的, 微小的,微量的The baby put his tiny hand in mine.
30、那个婴儿把小手放在我的手中。41. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smoke(无焰地) 燃烧; 发炽热; 烧红The whole countryside glowed with autumn tints.乡间处处呈现出灿烂的秋色。脸红, 身体发热,（尤指运动后或因情绪激动、尴尬等而）发红 ，发热，显得红，感觉热His cheeks glowed after the race. 赛跑后他 满脸通红。42. rhythmically: happening at regular periods
31、of time, alternately; by turns, at intervals43. engrave: to cut (words, pictures, etc.) on wood, stone, or metal在( 硬物 )上雕刻 (字, 画等)He engraved my name on the silver plate. 他在银盘子上刻上我的名字。将某事物深深印在(记忆或头脑 中)This episode remains sharply engraved on my mind.这段经历至今仍深深地铭刻在我的心中。The terrible memory was engraved
32、 on his mind.44. delicate: finely made and easily broken娇弱的, 纤细的Her health is delicate. 她的身体很虚弱。易碎的, 脆弱的Be careful with those wine cupsthey are very delicate.当心那些酒杯它们很容易碎。45. intricate: containing many detailed parts and thus difficult to understand错综复杂的I have a novel with an intricate plot.我有一本情节错综
33、 复杂的小说。The design is intricate. 这个设计是错综复杂的。Strictly 严格地His doctor is dieting him strictly. 他的医生严格规定他的饮食。Strictly speaking, a tomato is a fruit, not a vegetable.严格说来，西红柿是水果，不是蔬菜。46. profusion:plenty, great or too great amount, abundance 大量，丰富，充沛 Seldom have I seen food and drink served in such profus
34、ion. 47Texture手感, 质感, 质地We could feel the smooth texture of silk. 我们能感觉出丝绸的光滑质地。48pungent:having a strong, sharp, stinging, burning taste or smell(味道或气味)有刺激味的, 辛辣的, 刺鼻的The pungent, choking smell of sulphur filled the air.空气中弥漫着刺鼻呛人的硫磺气味。(指言语) 尖刻的, 刺人的, 刻薄的This is the pungent and original argument.这就
35、是那尖锐而有独到之处的论点。49exotic: (always positive, sth. pleasing) not native to the place where found, strikingly or excitingly different or unusual由外国引进的, 非本地的There are some exotic words in English language. 英语中有一些外来词。奇异的, 醒目的, 吸引人的She likes to wear exotic clothes. 她喜欢穿奇装异服。50sumptuous: costly, rich, showin
36、g great value豪华的, 奢侈的a sumptuous banquet 盛宴The guests turned up dressed in sumptuous evening gowns.客人们身着华丽的夜礼服出现了。51. humble: (of things) poor， cheap（级别或地位）低下的, 卑微的He is a man of humble birth. 他出身卑微。简陋的, 低劣的We live in a humble cottage. 我们住在一所简陋的小屋里。52maze: a confusing intricate network of passages迷宫
37、，纷繁复杂的规则；复杂难 懂的细节He found his way through the complex maze of corridors.他穿过了迷宮一样的走廊。I followed him through a maze of narrow alleys.我紧随他穿过一条条迂迴曲折的窄巷。53honeycomb: A honeycomb is a wax structure made by bees, which contains lots of six-sided holes where they store the honey that they make蜂窝,蜂巢a cell of
38、 a honeycomb 蜂房54glimpse:a quick,incomplete look of sth out of the corner of ones eye瞥见 I glimpsed her among the crowd just now. 我刚 才看到她在人群里。I glimpsed a bleak future. 我隐约感到前途黯淡。一瞥, 一看One glimpse at himself in the mirror was enough.让他照着镜子看自己一眼就够了。55disdainful: contemptuous, showing lack of respect,
39、regard sb. or sth. as low and worthless 轻蔑的,蔑 视的He is disdainful of danger. 他藐视危险。Hes disdainful of anyone from America. 美洲来的人他都瞧不起。56merchandise: (fml) things that you buy, sell or trade with买卖, 经营The fabrics are merchandised through a network of dealers.通过经销网点销售纺织品。We merchandise our furniture by
40、advertising in newspapers.我们在报上登广告推销家具。57 vast巨大的, 广大的, 广阔的, 大量的The snowstorm swept the vast expanse of grassland.暴风雪袭击了辽阔的草原。Tom has made a vast improvement in his German.汤姆的德语有了很大的进步。58sombre: dark-coloured, gloomy, dismal, solemn, very serious atmosphere忧郁的；严峻的A funeral is a sombre occasion. 葬礼是个
41、 忧郁的场合。(颜色或景色)昏暗的, 阴沉的, 暗淡的His coat was a sombre brown. 他的衣服是暗棕色的。59 .massive大而重的, 大块的There is a massive monument in the square. 广场上有一座巨大的纪念碑。可观的, 巨大的, 大量的He drank a massive amount of alcohol. 他喝了大量的烈酒。60. revolve: to (cause to) spin round (on a central point), to go around in a circle (使)旋转；环绕 ；转动T
42、he wheel revolved on its centre. 轮子绕中心转动。He revolved the pencil between his fingers. 他转动着夹在手指间的铅笔。辨析：turn, revolve, rotate, spin, and circleTurn is a general, rather colourless word implying movement in circle after circle, or in a single full circle or through an arc of a circlea wheel turning on i
43、ts axleRevolve may suggest regular circular motion on an orbit around sth. outside to it.The earth revolves around the sun.Rotate is likely to suggest a circular motion on an interior axis (the imaginary axle)The earth rotates on its axis while it revolves in its orbit.Spin implies rapid, sustained,
44、 continuous, 循环的She paid a circular visit among her relations. 她逐一拜 访她的亲友。The full moon is circular. 满月呈圆形。62. attendant: a person who attends another to perform a service a museum / parking lot / library attendant;服务人员, 侍者, 随从She was interrupted by the entrance of an attendant.服务员进来, 打断了她的话。63extra
45、ct: to pull or take out, often with difficulty(费力地) 拔出, 抽出；提取, 榨出, 提炼The dentist extracted her wisdom tooth. 牙医拔掉了她的智牙。摘录, 引用; 选录; 选曲; 节录The article was a choice extract from her writings.这篇文章是从她的著作中摘录出来的精粹。64superb: perfect in form, quality, etc. describes sth. that reaches the highest conceivable
46、point. 卓越的, 杰出的, 极好的Shes a superb singer. 她是一位超级歌星。The actor gave a superb performance. 这位演员表演极佳。65muscular: having well-developed muscles, strong, implying great physical strength (有关) 肌(肉)的He had a muscular strain. 他肌肉 过劳。肌肉发达的, 强壮的He is a muscular young man. 他是个健壮的年轻人。66apparatus: a set of machin
47、es, instruments, tools, etc. that work together for a particular purpose运动器械, 器具, 仪器The astronauts have special breathing apparatus. 宇航员有特殊的呼吸装置。（尤指政党或政府的）机构, 组织The political apparatus set up by the government is used to settle industrial disputes. 政府建立的 该政治机构是用来排解产业纠纷的。器官 The breathing apparatus in
48、cludes the nose, throat and lungs.呼吸器官包括鼻、咽喉及肺。67dwarf: to cause to appear small by comparisonSnow-white agile灵活的, 敏捷的, 聪明的;机智的He has a nimble tongue. 他能说会道。as nimble as a monkey She knitted with nimble fingers.69Groan 呻吟 The sick woman groaned. 那生病的妇女呻吟着。发牢骚, 抱怨 Shes always groaning on about how mu
49、ch she has to do.她总抱怨自己干很多活儿。呻吟, 叹息 He gave a groan. 他发出一声呻吟。呻吟般的声音 There were loud groans when he started to sing.他刚开始歌唱时有人发出了很大的嘘声。70trickle: a slow, small flow of liquid滴, 淌, 细流 Blood trickled slowly down his cheek.血从他的面颊上缓缓地淌了下来。The engine was trickling oil. 发动 机在滴油。71. ooze: (of thick liquids) pass slowly through small openings(浓液等 )慢慢地冒出, 渗出Blood was oozing out of
