1、Period 4: Grammar学习目标：1. 了解时间状语和状语从句的概念和常用的连词 when/while/as/by2. 把握过去完成时的概念，句子结构和常见用法。3. 利用例句归纳出语法规则学习重点：了解时间状语和状语从句的概念和常用的连词 when/while/as/by学习难点：利用例句归纳出语法规则课前预习使用说明与学法指导：1. 利用例句归纳出语法规则2. 15 分钟之内完成教材助读：例句欣赏1Having worked there for 30 years，Haydn moved to London，where he was very successful.在那里工作了三十
2、年后，海顿迁到了伦敦，并在那里取得了巨大成功。2By the time he was 14，Mozart had composed many pieces for the harpsichord，piano and violin，as well as for orchestras.莫扎特到 14 岁的时候，不仅已经谱写了很多管弦乐曲，还谱写了很多拨弦键琴曲、钢琴曲和小提琴曲。预习自测：完成句子(1)My teacher (已经教了) in that school for ten years before she came here.(2)I (原希望) to go to Hawaii，but
3、I didnt sign up for the tour in time.(3)She stared at the painting，wondering (在哪里见过它)(4)I dont know what will become of me (当我失业时)(5)He rushed out of the room (在我能说话之前).我的疑问：_课内探究质疑探究：一、时间状语从句1when，while，as 引导的时间状语从句(1)当从句谓语动作进行时间较长时用 while，而不用 as 和 when。They slept while we kept watching over them.我
4、们监视他们的时候，他们睡着了。(2)while 不能与表示瞬间性的动词连用。I was quite happy as/when I found my lost watch.当找到丢失的手表时，我真的很高兴。(3)as 和 while 都可以与持续性动词连用，表示两个动作同时发生，但前者强调的是持续的全过程，后者强调的是动作的同时性。因此把 as 译成“正当”或“与同时” ；而把while 译成“在过程中”或“在期间” 。It often changes in speed and direction while it is moving.它在运动过程中经常改变速度和方向。It changes i
5、n speed and direction as it moves.它在运动时，改变了速度和方向。(4)when 和 as 都可以表示两个动作的先后顺序，而 while 却不能。When/As the clock struck six，Tom got up.当六点的钟声敲响的时候，汤姆起床了。(5)when 可以作并列连词表示“这时(突然)” 。He was working on a design when his friend arrived.他正在搞设计，这时他的朋友到了。2as soon as，immediately，directly，once，no sooner.than，hardly
6、.when 引导的时间状语从句，表示“一就” 。I came directly I got your message.我一得到你的消息，就来了。注意 当 no sooner.than，hardly.when 中的 no sooner，hardly 置于句首时，主句部分倒装。No sooner had Jack seen me than he left the classroom.Hardly had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.杰克一看见我就离开了教室。3the moment，the day，next time，last time，every
7、 time，each time 等词引导时间状语从句。He came to the spot the moment he heard of the accident.他一听说这起事故就赶到了现场。Every time I travelled by boat，I got seasick.每次我乘船旅行都会晕船。4till，until 引导的时间状语从句We will stay here till/until it stops raining.我们将一直呆在这里直到雨停。主句有否定意义时，till/until 含有 before 的意思，通常译为“直到才” 。John did not announ
8、ce the news till he was sure of it.约翰直到对这个消息确信无误时才宣布。not until 放在句首时，主句的主语和谓语要倒置，表示加强语气。Not until the rain stopped did we leave there.直到雨停了我们才离开那儿。5since 引导的时间状语从句I have been in Beijing since you left.自从你离开以来，我一直在北京。注意 since 引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在“It is时间sin
9、ce从句”的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。二、过去完成时过去完成时表示的是“过去的过去”发生、进行或完成了的动作。使用过去完成时，一般要有可以与之比较的“过去时间点” 。过去完成时主要用在以下场合：1过去完成时常与 by，by the end of，by the time 引导的状语连用。In Germany，over 50% of the trees had been damaged by (the year) 1896.在德国，到 1896 年止，全国已经有过半数的树木被毁坏。2表示从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作或状态。She said she had worked in
10、that factory.她说她在那家工厂工作过。3当一个由 before，after，as soon as 等连词引导的从句所表示的动作和主句的动作先后、紧接着发生时，由于这些连词本身已经说明两个动作发生的先后关系，因此从 句和主句的谓语动词均可用一般过去时。He left the room after he (had) turned off the light.他把灯关上之后离开了房间。4过去完成时也用于 hardly.when.；no sooner.than.等一些固定句型中。He had hardly arrived when it began to snow.他刚到，天就开始下雪。5
11、有些动词，如 think，hope，expect，intend，mean，suppose，want 等，在用过去完成时时，可以表示过去未实现的愿望和打算。They had wanted to come，but they were too busy.他们本来是要来的，但他们太忙了。6在 it was the first time that 句型中，that 分句的动词常用过去完成时。It was the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.这是他第一次用这样的语调跟我讲话。当堂检测：1The boy was wander
12、ing through the street_a bike hit him.(2013太原模拟)Awhen Bonce Cwhile Da s2He is a nice listener，_he feels the time is right he will give you his thoughts.Auntil Bafter which Cif Dand when3I am going to the office._youre there, can you get me some stamps？(2013宝鸡模拟)AAs BWhile CBecause DIf4The couple fin
13、ally bought the house they wanted，for they_enough money.(2013北京模拟)Ahad saved Bwere savingCwould save Dwere to save5We didnt find Smith attending the lecture.No one_him about_a lecture the following day.(2013天津模拟)Atold；there to be Bhad told；there to beCtold；ther e was Dhad told；there being课后反思：_课后训练单
14、项填空1.He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends. Aas B.if Cunless Dthough2.One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away my daughter heard cries for help. Aafter Bwhile Csince Dwhen3.He had no sooner finished his speech the students started cheering. Asince Bas Cwhen Dthan4.She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children everything！Ahad been eating Bhad eaten Chave eaten Dhave been eating5.Last month，the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they from China. Areceive Bare receiving Chave r eceived Dhad received
