1、1高一英语五种基本句型及巩固练习英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： + （主谓）基本句型二： + + （主系表）基本句型三： + + （主谓宾）基本句型四： + +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补）一）基本句型一： +i （主谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词(Vi) ，常用来表示
2、主语的动作。主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语- 状语。状语表示动作发生的时间、地点、方式、条件、原因、结果等，多由副词、介词短语或从句充当。如：1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They talked for half an hou
3、r. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。9. Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake巩固练习一：1她回家很晚。 _ 2会议将持续两个小时。 _3每天八时开始上课。 _4这个包重五公斤。 _5五年前我住在北京。_6我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 _7. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆._二）基本句型二：- + +（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语, 才能表达完整的意思。本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。表
4、语可以由名词，形容词，不定式，分词，副词或介词等充当。系动词有:1.表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;2.表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep 等3.表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。2. The cake tastes delicious. 3. The potatoes went bad in the fields.4
5、. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. 5. He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮6. He fell in love.他堕入了情网。7 Her job is to look after the children in the nursery. 她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。8 The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。巩固练习二：1冬季白天短，夜晚长In winter, the days are short and _2十五岁他就成为有名的钢
6、琴家了。At the age of fifteen, _3孩子们很少保持安静。_4他失业了。_5树叶已经变黄了._.6这个报告听起来很有意思。_三) 基本句型三： +t +（主谓宾）本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+ 宾语构成。此句型的特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词(Vt)。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般由名词、代词 、不定式、v-ing 或从句充当。特别注意作宾语的代词必须是 代词宾格 ，如：me，him，them 等。 如 1. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？
7、22. Tom made a hole in the wall.3. He has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们。4. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。5. They ate what was left over. 他们吃了剩饭。6. He said “Good morning.“ 他说：“早上好！“7. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。 8. She |stopped | teaching English two years ago.9. He admits that he was mistaken. 他承认
8、犯了错误。10 I dont know if he can come tomorrow.巩固练习三：1昨晚我写了一封信。_2下午我想同你谈谈。 _3这本书他读过多次了。_ 4他们成功地完成了计划。 _5那位先生能说三种语言。 _6我收到了笔友寄来的信。 _7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。_ 8我们大家都相信 Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 _9. 他不知道说什么好。_10. 我开窗户你在意吗？_四）基本句型四： +t +IO +（主谓间宾直宾）说明：有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give 给，pass 递，bring 带，show 显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接
9、宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。 一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.He brings me cookies every day.但若要先说出直接宾语（事物） ，后说间接宾语（人） ，则要借助于介词 to 或 for。如：He brings cookies to me every day.She made a beautiful dress for me.用 to 侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用 for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。1. She ordered herself a new dre
10、ss. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。3. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。4. He denies her nothing. 他对她什么都不拒绝。5. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片6. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。7. I told him that the bus was late. 我告诉他汽车晚点了。8. He showed me how to run the ma
11、chine. 他教我开机器。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助 to 的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write 等；（需借助 for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare(省出)等。巩固练习四：1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 _2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 _3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ _4他把车票给我看。 _5我替你叫辆出租汽车
12、好吗？_6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。_7他给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。_五）基本句型五： +t + +（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： 名词/代词宾格 + 名词The war made him a soldier./战争使他成为一名战士 .名词/代词宾格 + 形容词New methods make the job
13、 easy./新方法使这项工作变得轻松. 3名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语I often find him at work./我经常发现他在工作. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows./老师让学生们关上窗户. 名词/代词宾格 + 分词I saw a cat running across the road./我看见一只猫跑过了马路. （及物） （宾语） （宾补） 1. They appointed him manager. 他们任命他当经理。2. They painted the door green.
14、他们把门漆成绿色3. This set them thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。4. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。5. What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？6. We saw him out. 我们送他出去7. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。8. I saw them get on the bus. 我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。注意：用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语
15、+it+ 宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins. 巩固练习五1我们叫她 Alice. _2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。_ 3他们把小偷释放了。 _ 4我要你把真相告诉我。_ 5 . 卫兵命令我们立即离开。_ 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读
16、英语。 _7他每个月理一次发._8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。_9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了。_ 10她正在听人家讲故事。_11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。_12他感到很难跟你交谈。_ 六）英语基本句型六 There be 句型 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系，可以译为“有”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后。there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。注意 1）Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 there will be；there is
17、/are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be. 如: There might be some food in the kitchen.肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 如:There used to be a temple in our village.似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be 2）此句型有时不用 be
18、动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等。如：1. There stands a hill in the middle of the park.2. Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.3. There comes the bus.4. There remained only twenty eight dollars.5. There goes the bell. 巩固练习六：1这个村子过去只有一口井。 2客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 3下午有大
19、风。 4办公室里肯定有人。 5战前这儿一直有家电影院的. (There used to be)6恰好那时房里没人。 (There happened to be )7从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 答案一： 1. She went home very late.2. The meeting will last (for) two hours.3. Classes begin at eight every day. 4. This box weighs five kilos. 5. I lived in Beijing five years ago.6. My grandfather g
20、ets up early in the morning.7. Every afternoon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.答案二:1 the nights are long.42 he became a famous pianist.3 Children; keep quiet. 4）He is out of work. 5）The leaves have turned yellow.6）The report sounds interesting答案三 1. I wrote a letter last night.
21、 2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.3. He has read this book many times. 4. They have carried out the plan successfully. 5. That gentleman can speak three languages.6. I received a letter from my penfriend.7. Jim cannot dress himself. 8. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 9. He did
22、 not know what to say. 10. Do you mind my opening the window?答案四：1. Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3. Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4. He showed the ticket to me.5. Shall I call you a taxi? 6. The new machine will save you a lot
23、of labour. 7. He bought a new coat for his mother.答案五 1We call her Alice. 2. All of us considered him honest.3. They have set the thief free. 4. I want you to tell me the truth. 5. The guards ordered us to leave at once6. Every morning we hear him read English aloud7. He has his hair cut once a mont
24、h. 8. We wont let her go out at night. 9. The terrible sound made the children frightened.10. She is listening to someone telling stories. 11. I have never seen the word used that way before. 12. He felt it very difficult to talk with you. 答案六1. There was only one well in the village. 2. Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3. Therell be a strong wind in the afternoon. 4. There must be someone in the office. 5. There used to be a cinema here before the war. 6. There happened to be nobody in the room. 7. Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.
