1、初中英语词汇辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数， cloth 指布，为不可数名词 clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用 a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件, accident 指不幸的事故 He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可数名词， number 后接可数名词 a number of students4. family, house, homehome
2、家，包括住处和家人，house 房子，住宅，family 家庭成员. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音，voice 人的嗓音，noise 噪音 I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片， picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing 画的画Lets go and see a good picture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，wor
3、d 具体的单词 He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数，people 具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况，climate 长期的气候状况 The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路，street 街道，path 小路，小径， way 道路，途径take this road; in the s
4、treet, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse 课程（可包括多门科目） ，subject 科目（具体的学科） a summer course12. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接 to do， habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接 of doing. Ive got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接 of sth./doing sth，reason 用来解释某种现象
5、或结果的理由，后接 for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数） ，exercises 练习（可数） ，practice（反复做的）练习 Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作“ 课“ 解时,两者可以替换.指课文用 lesson. 指班级或全体学生用 class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech 指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，
6、talk 日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture 学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on17. officer, officialofficer 部队的军官，official 政府官员 an army officer18. work, job二者均指工作。work 不可数， job 可数 a good job19. couple, paircouple 主要指人或动物，pair 多指由两部分组成的东西 a pair of trousers20. country, nation, state, landcountry 侧重指版图，疆域，nation 指人民，国民，
7、民族，state 侧重指政府，政体，land 国土，国家 The whole nation was sad at the news.21. cook, cookercook 厨师，cooker 厨具 He is a good cook.22. damage, damagesdamage 不可数名词 , 损害，损失 ; damages 复数形式, 赔偿金 $900 damages23. police, policemanpolice 警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman 指某个具体的警察 The police are questioning everyone in the house
8、.24. problem, questionproblem 常和困难连系，前面的动词常为 think about, solve, raise，question 常和疑问连系，多和 ask, answer 连用25. man, a manman 人类，a man 一个男人 Man will conquer nature.26. chick, chicken二者均可指小鸡，chicken 还可以当鸡肉 The chicken is delicious.27. telegram, telegraph当电报解时，telegram 指具体的，telegraph 指抽象的 a telegram, by t
9、elegraph28. trip, journey, travel, voyagetravel 是最常用的，trip 指短期的旅途，journey 指稍长的旅途，voyage 指海上航行 a three-day trip29. sport, gamesport 多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game 指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则 His favorite sport is swimming.30. price, prizeprice 价格，prize 奖，奖品，奖金 win the first prize The price is high/low. 31. a n
10、umber of, the number ofa number of 许多，谓语动词用复数。the number of的数目，谓语动词用单数。The number of students is increasing.32. in front of, in the front ofin front of 范围外的前面， in the front of 范围内的前面 In the front of the room sits a boy.33. of the day, of a dayof the day 每一天的，当时的，当代的， of a day 暂时的，不长久的 a famous scien
11、tist of the day34. three of us, the three of usthree of us 我们（不止三个）中的三个，the three of us 我们三个（就三个人）The three of us-Tom, Jack and I went to the cinema.35. by bus, on the busby bus 表手段，方式，不用冠词，on the bus 表范围 They went there by bus.36. for a moment, for the momentfor a moment 片刻，一会儿，for the moment 暂时，一时
12、 Thinking for a moment, he agreed. 37. next year, the next yearnext year 将来时间状语， the next year 过去将来时间状语 He said he would go abroad the next year.38. more than a year, more than one yearmore than a year 一年多，more than one year 超过一年（两年或三年等）39. take advice, take the(ones) advicetake advice 征求意见，take the
13、 advice 接受忠告 He refused to take the advice and failed again.40. take air, take the airtake air 传播，走漏，take the air 到户外去，散步 We take the air every day.41. in a word, in wordsin a word 总之，一句话， in words 口头上 In a word, you are right.42. in place of, in the place ofin place of 代替，in the place of 在地方 A new
14、building is built in the place of the old one.43. in secret, in the secretin secret 秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；in the secret 知道内情，知道秘密，一般用作表语 My mother was in the secret from the beginning.44. a girl, one girla girl 可泛指所有女孩, one girl 一个女孩 Can one girl carry such a big box?45. take a chair, take the chairtak
15、e a chair 相当于 sit down 坐下，take the chair 开始开会46. go to sea, by sea, by the seago to sea 当海员，出航， by sea 乘船，由海路， by the sea 在海边 go by sea47. the doctor and teacher, the doctor and the teacherthe doctor and teacher 指一个人，既是医生又是老师， the doctor and the teacher 两个人，一个医生和一个老师 the doctor and teacher is48. in
16、office, in the officein office 在职的， in the office 在办公室里 He is in office, not out of office.49. in bed, on the bedin bed 卧在床上， on the bed 在床上 The book is on the bed. He is ill in bed.50. in charge of, in the charge ofin charge of 管理，负责照料， in the charge of 由照料 He is in charge of the matter. The matter
17、 is in the charge of her.51. in class, in the classin class 在课上， in the class 在班级里 He is the best student in the class.52. on fire, on the fireon fire 着火,on the fire 在火上 Put the food on the fire. The house is on fire.53. out of question, out of the questionout of question 毫无疑问的，out of the question 不
18、可能的 54. a second, the seconda second 又一，再一，the second 第 He won the second prize.55. by day, by the dayby day 白天，by the day 按天计算 The workers are paid by the day.56. the people, a peoplethe people 指人，a people 指民族 The Chinese is a peace-loving people.57. it, oneit 同一物体，one 同类不同一 I lost my pen. I have t
19、o buy a new one.58. that, thisthat 指代上文所提到的，this 导出下文所要说的 I was ill. Thats why59. none, nothing, no onenone 强调有多少，nothing, no one 强调有没有，nothing 指物，no one 指人- How many/How much? - None.60. anyone, any oneanyone 指人，不能接 of，any one 指人物均可，可接 of any one of you61. who, whatwho 指姓名或关系，what 指职业或地位 What is yo
20、ur dad? He is a teacher.62. what, whichwhat 的选择基础是无限制的，which 在一定范围内进行选择 Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?63. other, anotherother 后接名词复数，another 后接名词单数 other students, another student64. not a little, not a bitnot a little 非常， not a bit 一点也不 Im not a bit tired. 我一点儿也不累。65. many, much, a lot ofm
21、any 和可数名词连用，much 和不可数名词连用，a lot of 可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句 I havent many books.66. much morethan, many morethanmuch morethan 后接形容词或不可数名词，many morethan 后接可数名词 many more people, much more water, much more beautiful67. no, notno=not a/any no friend=not a/any friend no water=not any water68. no more than, not
22、more thanno more than 相当于 only，仅仅，只有，not more than 至多，不超过69. majority, mostmajority 只能修饰可数名词，most 可数不可数均可 the majority of people70. by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneselfby oneself 单独的，独自的，for oneself 为自己，to oneself 供自己用的，of oneself 自行的，自动的 The door opened of itself.71. at all, after allat
23、all 根本，全然, after all 到底，毕竟 After all he is a child.72. tall, hightall 常指人或动物，high 常指物体 He is tall.73. fast, quicklyfast 侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly 侧重指某事完成或发生的快 run fast, answer the question quickly74. high, highlyhigh 具体的高，highly 抽象的高，高度的 think highly of75. healthy, healthfulhealthy 健康的，健壮的，healthfu
24、l 有益于健康的 healthful exercise76. sleeping, asleep, sleepysleeping 正在睡觉，asleep 睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy 困的，有睡意的 a sleeping baby The baby is asleep. Im sleepy.77. gold, goldengold 指真金制品，golden 指金色的，但金鱼用 gold fish a gold ring78. most, mostlymost 用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于 very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，mostly 大部分 ,是副词 most people
25、, the people are mostly79. just, veryjust 表强调时是副词，作状语，very 表强调时是形容词，用作定语 the very man, just the man80. wide, broadwide 侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad 侧重于幅面的宽广 broad shoulders81. real, truereal 真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true 真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合 real gold, a true story82. respectful, respectablerespectful 尊敬，有礼貌， re
26、spectable 可敬的，值得尊敬的 be respectful to the aged 83. outwards, outward二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward 还可用作形容词 an outward voyage84. pleasant, pleased, pleasingpleasant 常用作定语，pleased, pleasing 常用作表语，pleased 主语常为人，pleasing 主语常为物 a pleasant trip The trip is pleasing.85. understanding, understandableunderstanding
27、明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable 可理解的，能够懂的 an understanding girl, an understandable mistake86. close, closelyclose 接近，靠近，closely 紧紧地，紧密地 closely connected, stand close87. ill, sickill 做表语，sick 定，表均可 a sick boy88. good, wellgood 形容词，well 副词，但指身体状况是形容词 He is well again.89. quiet, silent, stillquiet 安静的，可以发出小
28、的声音，silent 不发出声音，但可以动， still 完全不动，完全无声响 He stand there still. 他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。90. hard, hardlyhard 努力， hardly 几乎不 work hard I can hardly believe it.91. able, capable able 与不定式 to do 连用，capable 与 of 连用 He is capable of doing92. almost, nearly二者均为“几乎 ,差不多“ 和否定词连用用 almost almost nobody 93. late, lately
29、late 迟，晚，lately 最近，近来 I havent seen him lately.94. living, alive, live, livelyliving, alive, live 均为活着的， living 定表均可，alive 定表均可，定语后置，live 只能做定语，lively 意为活波的 all the living people=all the people alive95. excited, excitingexcited 使人兴奋的，exciting 令人兴奋的 Im excited. The news is exciting.96. deep, deeplyde
30、ep 具体的深，deeply 抽象的深，深深地 deeply moved, dig deep97. aloud, loudaloud 出声地，loud 大声地 read aloud(出声地读)98. worth, worthy二者均为值得，worth 后接 doing，worthy 后接 to be done, of being done It is worth visiting. = Its worthy to be visited. = Its worthy of being visited.99. bad, badlybad 形容词，badly 副词，不好，但与 need, want,
31、require 连用为“ 很，非常“ go bad I need the book badly. 100. before long, long beforebefore long 不久以后，long before 很久以前 not long before = before long101. quite, ratherquite 完全地，相当于 completely, rather 修饰比较级 quite impossible102. happy, gladhappy 高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad 高兴，只能做表语 a happy girl103. instead, instead ofins
32、tead 是副词，放在句首或句末，instead of 是介词短语，放在句中He didnt see a film. Instead he watched TV. He watched TV instead of seeing a film.104. too much, much tootoo much 后接不可数名词，much too 后接形容词 much too heavy105. be about to, be going to, be to dobe about to 表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语，be going to 侧重打算，想法，be to do 侧重意志，计划，安排 Im
33、to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)106. raise, riseraise 及物动词，rise 不及物动词 The sun rises in the east.107. bring, take, carry, fetchbring 拿来，take 带走，carry 随身携带，fetch 去回这一往返动作 fetch a box of chalk108. spend, take, pay, costspend 人做主语，花钱，花时间; spendon sth./in doing sth; take 物做主语，花时间; pay 人做主语，花钱，pay for; cost 物做主语，
34、花钱109. join, join in, take part injoin 加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员；join in 参加小型的活动 , join sb. in；take part in 参加大型的活动 He joined the army five years ago.110. learn, studylearn 学习，侧重学习的结果，study 学习，侧重学习的过程，研究 study the problem111. want, hope, wishwant 打算，想要，want to do, want sb. to do, hope 希望（通常可以实现） ，hope to do/
35、hope that wish 希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth. + n. I wish you success.112. discover, invent, find outdiscover 发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西，invent 发明本来不存在的物体，find out 发现，查明 At last he found out the truth.113. answer, replyanswer 及物动词，reply 不及物动词，后接 to reply to the letter114. leave, leave forleave 离开， le
36、ave for 前往 He left Beijing for Shanghai.115. rob, stealrob 抢劫 rob sb. of sth.，steal 偷 steal sth. from sb. 116. shoot, shoot atshoot 射死，shoot at 瞄准，但不一定射中 He shot the bird and it died.117. drop, falldrop 及物不及物均可，fall 不及物动词 Prices fell/dropped. He dropped his voice.118. search, search forsearch 后接地点，
37、search for 后接东西 He searched his pocket for money.119. used to, be used toused to 过去常常， be used to 习惯于，后接 sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth. He is used to getting up early.120. win, lose, beatwin 后接 sth.，反义词为 lose, beat 后接 sb. win the game, beat them121. live on, live bylive on 以 为主食， live by 靠 谋生 live o
38、n fish/ live by fishing122. beat, hit, strikebeat 连续性地击打；hit 打中，对准打； strike 打一下或若干下 beat the wings123. meet, meet withmeet 遇到，meet with 体验到，遭遇到 meet with an accident124. lose, misslose 失去（具体的物体） ，错过 sth. is lost, lose the chance；miss 想念，错过 sth. is missing, miss the chance125. be tired of, be tired w
39、ith/frombe tired of 厌烦 ，be tired with/from 因为而累了 be tired with/from running 800 meters126. care about, care forcare about 关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中；care for 关心，照料，喜欢，愿意 He doesnt care about his clothes. I dont care for movies.127. catch a cold, have a coldcatch a cold 不能和表示“ 一段时间“的状语连用，而 have a cold 可以She
40、has had a cold for a week.128. change for, change intochange for 调换成，change into 变成 Change the shirt for a bigger one. Water changes into ice.129. continue, last二者均为持续，continue 主动，被动均可，last 只能用主动 The war continued/lasted five years. The story is to be continued.130. feed, raisefeed 喂养，养活，饲养 (to give
41、 food to)， raise 饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)raise the family131. go for a doctor, go to a doctorgo for a doctor 去请医生，go to a doctor 去看病 132. notice, observe, catch sight ofnotice 注意到，observe 观察，仔细地看， catch sight of 突然看到 observe the stars133. insist on, stick toinsist on 坚持要求，后常接 doing,
42、stick to 坚持, 后常接 sth. stick to the plan134. look, seem, appearlook 指从外表上看，seem 指内心的判断，appear 指给人以表面的印象 appear wise,look like his father135. gather, collectgather 把分散的东西集中到一起， collect 指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps136. mean to do, mean doingmean to do 打算，想要做某事，mean doing 意思是，意味着 By this I mean giving t
43、he students more practice.137. die from, die ofdie from 表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累，饮食过度等，die of 表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素 die of hunger and cold138. pay for, pay back, pay offpay for 为付钱， pay back 还钱，但不一定还清，pay off 还清 pay for the book, pay off the debt139. divide, separatedivide 把一个整体分成几部分，separate 把连在一起的个体分
44、开divide the apple, separate the houses140. arrive, get, reacharrive 不及物动词，后接 in (大地点)，at(小地点)，get 不及物动词后接 to，reach 及物动词 arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing141. grow, plantgrow 使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去，plant 移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物plant the trees, trees are growing142. manage, trymanage to do 设法做成了某事，t
45、ry to do 尽力去做某事但不一定成功He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.143. choose, selectchoose 凭个人的判断力进行选择，select 有目的地仔细认真地选择 choose the best answer144. build, put up, set up, foundbuild 一般用语，建成，put up 临时搭建，set up 建成（内部的设施基本齐全） ，found 国家或组织的建成 put up a tent, set up a school145. be familiar to, be familiar
46、withbe familiar to 某物对某人来说是熟悉的，be familiar with 某人熟悉某物 The book is familiar to me. Im familiar with the book.146. agree with, agree to, agree onagree with 同意某人， agree to 同意某事，agree on 在上达成一致意见，主语是复数 agree with you, agree to the plan147. throw to, throw at throw to 扔到, throw at 朝扔 He throw a stone at
47、 me.148. receive, acceptreceive 收到某一东西，但不一定接受，accept 接受 I received a gift, but I didnt accept it.149. wear, put on, dresswear 和 dress 表状态 ,wear 接衣服等,可用进行时，dress 接人,be dressed in, put on 表动作Its cold outside. Put on your warm clothes.150. listen, hear listen 强调动作，hear 强调结果 I listened, but I heard noth
48、ing.151. look, see, watchlook 看的动作，see 看的结果，watch 强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展 watch TV152. lie, lay lie 躺，位于(lay, lain),说谎(lied, lied) ，lay 平放(laid, laid) lay the book153. work as, act aswork as 工作是 ，act as 充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色 He works as a teacher.He acts as an interpreter. 154. move, removemove 动一动，但不一定移走，remov
49、e 从一处移到另一处 remove the table to the kitchen155. hurt, injure, woundhurt 感情上受伤，injure 事故中受伤，wound 战争中受伤 He was wounded in the war. 156. turn, get, growturn 表突变，后常接表颜色的词，get 强调变的结果，grow 强调过程，逐渐的变化 turn yellow, get tired, grow big157. close, shut, turn offclose 和 shut 当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体，turn off 用于指有开关的物体Close/Shut the door. Turn off the TV. 158. set out, set about, set off指出发，着手解时，set out 后接 to do，set about 后接 doing, set off 后接 for sp. 159. begin, startbegin 侧重时间的开始，反义词为 end，start 侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为 stop Class begins at 7:30a.m.160. happen, take place
