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新版牛津8A Unit1-8知识点与语法.doc

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1、M3U1 Friends内容要点:形容词比较级和最高级 Comparative and superlative adjectives基本要求:掌握新单词与重要短语熟识形容词比较级与最高级重难点:形容词比较级与最高级变形规则与用法知识点解读:1. something to drink 一点喝的东西Can I have something to drink? 我能来点喝的吗?2. what about sth./ doing sth. (1) 询问情况或打听消息Id like a cup of tea, what about you? 我想来杯茶,你呢?(2) 向对方提出建议或请求。 相当于句型

2、Would you like.What about playing football now? = Would you like playing football now?(3) 寒暄时用作承接上下文的转折语。Im a student, what about you? 我是一名学生。你呢?(4) 询问天气或身体状况。What about the weather today? 今天天气怎么样?What about your mother? You cant keep her too tired.你母亲身体好吗?你不能让她太累(5) 征求对方意见或看法。What about this bike?

3、这辆自行车怎么样?3. have some more food 再来点食物4. honest (1) adj. 诚实的,正直的I know shes honest and reliable. 我知道她是诚实可靠的。(2) 坦诚的I was honest about what I was doing. 我对我所做的一切毫不隐瞒。【扩充】: honest to God (表示强调) 千真万确e.g. I wish we werent doing this, honest to God, I really do. 我希望我们没在做这件事,真的,我确实这么想。to be honest 老实说e.g.

4、To be honest the house is not quite our style. 说实话,我们不大喜欢这房子。honesty n.诚实 e.g. They said the greatest virtue is honesty. 他们说最重要的美德是诚实。5. secret(1) adj. 秘密的,保密的a secret place 一个秘密的地方(2) n,. 秘密keep a secret/ keep secrets 保守秘密6. Shes willing to share things with her friends. 她乐意和朋友分享东西。be willing to do

5、 sth. 表示愿意,乐意做某事be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事,愿意做.7. help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人e.g. She helps me with my homework. 她帮助我做作业。help sb (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事e.g. He helps his father (to) clean the windows. 他帮助爸爸擦玻璃。8. grow up 长大 grow- grew-growne.g. She grew up in Tokyo. 她在东京长大。9. have a good sense of humou

6、r 有很好的幽默感a sense of . 的感觉 a sense of despair 一种绝望的感觉10. His legs are very long and they do not fit under the school desks.fit-fitted-fitted(1) vi. 合适,合身Your clothes fit well.你的衣服很合身。The door fits badly. 这个门装得不合适。(2) vt. 合适,装上They fitted the doors with a lock. 他们在门上装上了锁。The key doesnt fit the lock. 这

7、钥匙不配这把锁。11. He often knocks our books and pens off the desk. (1) knock sth. off sth. 把某物)从 .上打落,敲掉e.g. Who knocked the glass off the table? 谁把桌上的玻璃杯碰掉了?(2) knock sb. off sth. 把某人从.上撞掉e.g. He was knocked off my bike this morning 他今天早上从自行车上摔下来了。12. say a bad word about sb. 说某人坏话e.g. It is impolite to

8、say a bad word about someone behind him. 在别人背后讲别人的坏话是不礼貌的。say a good word about sb. = speak highly of sb. 赞扬某人13. be happy to do sth. 很高兴做某事14. be famous for 因.而著名 be famous as 以.(身份)出名 重点语法:形容词比较级用于两人或两事物之间的比较;最高级用于三个或三个以上人或物的比较比较级与最高级构成:1. 单音节形容词比较级:词尾+er tall-taller small-smaller long-longer最高级:词

9、尾+est tall-tallest small-smallest long-longest2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的形容词比较级:词尾+r nice-nicer fine-finer最高级:词尾+st nice-nicest fine-finest3. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的形容词比较级:把 y 改为 i+er easy-easier pretty- prettier最高级:把 y 改为 i+est easy-easiest pretty-prettiest 4. 重读闭音节,结尾只有一个辅音字母比较级:双写最后一个辅音字母+er slim-slimmer big-bigger最高级:双写

10、最后一个辅音字母+est slim-slimmest big-biggest5. 多音节形容词比较级:前面+more beautiful-more beautiful important-more important最高级:前面+most beautiful-most beautiful important-most important6. 不规则变化形容词good-better-best bad-worse-worst little-less-leastmuch/many-more-most old-older/elder-oldest/eldestfar-farther/further-f

11、arthest/furthest形容词比较级用法:A + be + 形容词比较级 + than BShe is shorter than I am.My book is more interesting than his book.形容词最高级用法:A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 名词+表示范围的短语或从句She is the best student in her class.This is the biggest apple I have ever met.M3U2 School life内容要点:more.than 与 few/less.than 数量的比较副词比较级与最高级

12、基本要求:掌握基本词汇与短语熟识数量的比较,副词的比较级与最高级重难点:more.than 与 few/less.than 的用法副词比较级与最高级构词规则知识点解读:1. near the end of 快结束的时候2. talk to sb. about sth 与某人谈论 .She talked to her friends about the concert. 她和朋友们一起谈论演唱会。3. drive sb. to school 开车送某人去学校My mum drives me to school every day. 妈妈每天送我去学校。4. borrow.from. 从某处借.W

13、e often borrow books from the library. 我们经常从图书馆借书。5. bring in. 带来.We can also bring in books from home. 我们也可以从家带书来。6. discuss sth. with sb. 和某人讨论 .Lynn discussed the problem with her Dad. 琳和她爸爸讨论了那个问题。7. spend.on sth/ doing sth 花时间做.He spent more time on English last night. = He spent more time doin

14、g his homework last night.他昨天花了更多时间在英语上。 8. learn about 获悉、了解9. admire sb. very much 非常羡慕某人10. the same as 和一样11. on one side.on the other side 在一边.在另一边12. Why dont you + v 表示建议,询问 = why not + VWhy dont you go with me? = Why not go with me?13. by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself 亲自14. spend, take, pay,

15、 cost 辨析 : 这几个词均与“花费”有关,区别在于:spend 主语为人 sb+ spend+钱/ 时间+ v-ing / on + 物pay 主语为人 sb+ pay + 钱+ for + 物cost 主语为物 sth+ cost +钱; 物+ cost + sb +钱/ 时间take 常用句型 It takes sb +钱/时间+ to do sth.重点语法: 1. morethan 修饰可数 badly-worse-worst; far-tarther/further-furthest/farthestM3U3 A day out内容要点:as.as 的用法反身代词基本要求:掌握

16、基本词汇与短语熟识 as.as 用法,反身代词重难点:as.as 的用法知识点解读:1. climb the hill 爬山climb (up)爬【扩】 climb up the Great Wall 爬长城 climb into the bed 爬上床 climb through the window 从窗户爬出来 climb over the wall 翻越墙2. need to exercise and keep fit 需要锻炼来保持健康 【扩】 keep fit, keep healthy, stay healthy 保持健康need 作名词时,构成短语 in need。作行为动词时

17、有人称和数的变化,后接不定式或动名词;当主语和它后面的动词之间有一种被动关系时,使用 need doing 或 need to be done。作情态动词时无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。We should help people in need. He needs to study hard. A lot of homework needs finishing.A lot of homework needs to be finished.3. enjoy oneselfhave a good time 玩得高兴,过得愉快4. take a boat trip 乘船旅行5. take care

18、 保重;当心,小心 【扩】take (good) care oflook afterwell (好好)照顾 look out 当心look out of 向外看 be careful 小心be careful of/with珍视;注意6. interesting placesplaces of interest 有趣的地方;名胜 (注意此处的 interest 无复数) 【扩】这里 interest 解释为“令人感兴趣的事或人”。interest 还表示“兴趣”,常用的短语有:show/have interest in sth 对某事感兴趣, show/have interest in doi

19、ng sth 对做某事感兴趣 Daniel shows/has great interest in computers. Daniel shows/has great interest in making his own home page. 7. invite sb to邀请某人去某地 sb be invited to某人应邀去某地, Millie invited me to her birthday party. I was invited to Millies birthday party. 【扩】invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事sb be invited to d

20、o sth 某人应邀做某事, We should invite more people to take part in the charity show. More people should be invited to take part in the charity show. 8. at the beginning 开始;起初 at the beginningin the beginningat firstat the start 开始;起初 at last, finally, in the end 后来;最后;终于,与上述短语“开始,起初”意思相反。 【扩】at the beginni

21、ng of在之初(后接时间)at the end of在末尾,在的尽头(后接时间或地点) 注意:没有 in the beginning of, in the end of from beginning to end 自始至终;从头到尾。注意:该短语不含定冠词 the。 begin with start with先做 ;以开始 9. at the school gate 在学校大门口 【扩】at 表示在较小的地方,如:at the theatre 在剧院,at the party 在聚会上,at the airport 在机场,at the bus stop 在公交站台,at the cross

22、ing, at the crossroads 在十字路口 10. feel sick 感到难受,感到恶心 【扩】feel ill 感到不好受,fall ill 病倒 feel good 指身体健康或精神振奋,feel well 仅指没有生病 e.g. Im not feeling so good. Can I have the day off? 我感觉不大好。我今天能否休息?11. arrive at the World Park 到达世界公园 【扩】 “到达”有三种表达,即:get to某地,arrive at小地方,arrive in大地方,reach某地。 get to,arrive a

23、t/in 后接地点副词时不能用介词,常用的地点副词有 here, there, home。 12. be made of metal 由金属制成 【扩】be made of 由制成,强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料,物理变化。 The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木制的。 be made from由制成,表示从成品上已经看不出原材料 ,化学变化。 Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 be made up of由组成,由 构成,指各个部分组成整体。 Our class is made up of 54 students. 我们班由

24、 54 名学生组成。 be made in在某地制造 NOKIA mobile phones are made in Beijing.13. not any more 再也不no more,no more, no longer 用于 be 动词后、行为动词前 【扩】not any moreno more再也不(表示程度、数量上的不再) not any longerno longer不再(表示时间上的不再延续) When the baby saw his mother, he did not cry any more. After having some bread, she was no lo

25、nger hungry. 【扩】more and more越来越;越来越多 more or less 几乎;差不多 what is more 更有甚者;更为重要的是 重点语法:一as.as 用于比较句型,中间插入的是形容词或副词的原级,属同级比较,意思是”达到与.相同的程度”, ”和.一样。Mary is as careful as Lynn.”否定形式:not as.as 和.不一样 Jack doesnt run as fast as Mike. 【习惯用法】1. as soon as 一.就Ill call you as soon as I finish my homework.2. a

26、s long as 长达.之久, 只要As long as there is life there is hope.3. as much as 高达. 与. 一样多The stones weigh as much as 15 tons.二当主语和宾语一样时,宾语可以使用反身代词形式,起强调作用。反身代词不能单独作主语。反身代词和它所指代的对象在人称、性别、数上必须保持一致。第一人称和第二人称的反身代词是由形容词性物主代词加上 self 或 selves 构成,第三人称的反身代词是由宾格加上 self 或 selves 构成。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称单数 myself yourself h

27、imself herself itself 复数 ourselves yourselves themselves M3U4 Do it yourself内容要点:祈使句用 should 和 had better 提建议基本要求:掌握基本词汇与短语熟识祈使句用法,提建议方法熟识形容词否定形式 un, in, im重难点:祈使句句式had better 与 should 用法知识点解读:1. no problem 没问题2. had better do sth./ not do sth.3. stand for 代表4. look terrible 看起来很糟糕【扩】 be terrible at

28、 在.很糟糕5. make a mistake 犯错误【扩】 by mistake 错误地no mistake 准确的,无疑的6. all day= the whole day 整天7. take a course 学习一门课程8. instead of doing sth. 代替, 而不是9. ought to do sth.= should do sth 应该做某事10. fill sth with 把.装满,充满11. be crazy about 对.着迷12. work on 从事于, 继续工作【扩】 work out 算出,解决,定制出13. keep on doing sth.

29、持续做某事14. finish doing sth. 做完某事15. be not happy with. 对. 不满意重点语法:1. 祈使句当我们向他人发出命令,提出请求或建议时, 常使用祈使句。如:Be quiet, please!Dont be late again!【注】祈使句的主语通常不明确表示出来。(1)祈使句的肯定形式以动词原形开头; 否定形式是动词原形前加 do not/dont(2)为了显示客气和礼貌,我们常在祈使句中加 please。当 please 在句末时,必须用逗号隔开。2. 用 should 和 had better 提建议Had better 和 should 都

30、是情态动词,后接动词原形,而且均没有人称和数的变化。had better 的语气比 should 强一些。You had better water the flowers as soon as possible. Had better 中的 had 可缩写为 dAll of us should take part in this activity.否定形式: had better not should not/ shouldntYoud better not play computer games now.He shouldnt be late for school again.M3U5 Wi

31、ld animals内容要点:情态动词 may 的用法动词不定式作宾语基本要求:掌握基本词汇与短语熟识 may 与动词不定式用法重难点:情态动词与动词不定式作知识点解读:1. free 自由的 adj.,freedom 自由 n. 2.have /take pity on sb. 同情某人 We should have pity on the weak. 对病人,我们应该要有同情心。3.(die 死, v. ) (dying 垂死的,adj.) (dead,死的,adj.) (death,死,n.)4.be born 出生 I was born in 1976. 我出生于 1976 年。5.i

32、n the beginning, at the beginning, 一开始6. live on 以食 .为生, Vampires live on blood.吸血鬼以吸血为生。7.(danger 危险 n.) (dangerous 危险的, adj.) in danger 处境危险8.action 行为,行动,n. take action 采取行动9.right away 立刻,at once 马上10. none 没有一个(人或物)否定回答,表示什么也没有11.at birth 出生时,诞生时12.get lost 迷路 at a lose 迷茫13.the same .as 与. 一样

33、She has the same book as you.重点语法:1.情态动词 may 的用法用来猜测某件事件发生的可能性,表示“也许”, “可能”Who is knocking on the door? It may be Helen.May 表示“可能”,通常只用于肯定句和否定句2. 动词不定式作宾语 to do 形式I want to eat ice ream.My sister decides to buy a new bike.这一类常见动词:agree(同意) ,choose(选择)decide (决定) forget(忘记)hope(希望)learn(学习)like(喜欢)pl

34、an(计划)prepare(准备)promise(答应)refuse (拒绝)remember(记得)seem (觉得好像)want(想要)wish(希望)would like (想要)M3U6 Birdwatching内容要点:动词不定式作目的状语动词不定式作宾语补足语基本要求:掌握基本词汇与短语熟识动词不定式用法重难点:动词不定式作目的状语与宾语补足语时的用法知识点解读:1. one of 之一 2. Provide.for. 提供给3. All year round 一年到头 4. For a short stay 短暂停留5. In the daytime 在白天 6. In orde

35、r to 以便,为的是7. Lead to 导致 8. Less and less 越来越少9. Invite them to help us 请他们帮助我们 10. Stop.from doing 阻止做某事11. In danger 处于危险之中 12. Write down 写下,记下13. Be home to 是的家园 14. Be interested in 对感兴趣15. Take part in 参加 16. Call sb.on 给某人电话17. Email sb.at 给某人发电子邮件 18. Introduce myself 介绍自己1、How many types of

36、 cranes are there in the world? 世界上有多少种鹤?1.how many 修饰可数名词复数, how much 修饰不可数名词。2.type 作名词,意思为“ 种类,类型” ,同义词为 kind。type 作为动词,意思为“打字”。Are you going to type all day?你准备打一整天字吗?二、Theyre rare birds. 它们是稀有的鸟类 。rare 作形容词,意思为 “罕见的,珍贵的”,同义词为 unusual.3、It is one of the worlds most important wetlands.它是世界上最重要的湿地

37、之一。One of.意思为 “之一”,后面接名词复数,如果名词复数前有形容词修饰,则用形容词的最高级形式。Sun Yang is one of the best swimmers in the world.孙杨是世界上最好的游泳健将之一。4、The area provides food and cover for a lot of wildlife.这个地区为很多野生动物提供食物和住所。1.provide 作及物动词,意思为“提供,供应,供给”,表示供给所需物品以方便使用,其后常接名词或者代词作宾语,并且常和介词 with/for 搭配使用。The farmers provide us wit

38、h grain and vegetables. 农民为我们提供粮食和蔬菜。Did your parents provide food and clothes for you in the university?你父母供给你在大学的衣食吗?2.cover 的主要用法如下:(1)cover 作为名词,意思为“封面,盖子,覆盖物,栖息地”Is that you on the cover? 那个封面人物是你吗?We provide food and cover for the panda. 我们为熊猫提供食物和栖息地。(2)cover 作动词:表示 “覆盖,遮蔽”,常与介词 with 连用,Pleas

39、e cover the desk with the cloth. 请用这块布遮盖桌子。表示 “支付(费用) ”I washed dishes at a Chinese restaurant to cover living expenses.我在一家中餐馆洗盘子以支付日常生活开销。五、Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay.许多鸟类一整年都生活在扎龙,而一些鸟仅仅在那里做短暂的停留。1.all year round 意思为“ 一年到头,一整年”Kunming is a

40、 beautiful city all year round. 昆明是一个四季美丽的城市。2.while 意思为“ 然而” ,引导并列句, while 前后句子结构相同,句意相反或者相对。Lucy is tall while her brother is short. 露西个子高而她弟弟个子矮。3.stay 的用法归纳如下:(1)stay 作名词,意为“ 停留”I want you to come here and have a long stay. 我希望你来这儿多待几天。(2)stay 作动词,意为“ 停留,逗留,呆,继续”Im in a hurry. Ive no time to sta

41、y. 我很忙。没有时间停留。6、Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there.在白天绝大多数鸟是活跃的,所以你在那里很容易就能看到它们。1.active 作形容词,意思为“活跃的,积极的”,其动词形式为 act. 用法归纳如下:(1)用作表语和定语,Although he is over 80, he is still very active.他虽然年过 80 岁,但他还是很活跃。(2)用于搭配 be active in, 意思为“ 积极参加”,习惯上不用于体育方面He is active in

42、 politics. 他积极参加政治活动。注意:take part in(参加) 这一短语中,part 前通常不用冠词,但若之前有 active 修饰,则加anHe takes an active part in school activities. 他积极参加学校各项活动。actively adv. 积极地,活跃地 2. in the daytime 意思为“在白天”7、Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings. 一些人想要减少湿地面积,以

43、腾出更多的地方建造农场和房屋。1.in order to 意为“为了”,表示目的。在用法和意义上与 so as to 结构类似,但是 in order to 结构可以放在句首、句中,而 so as to 多用于句中。其否定形式直接在 to 后面加not。扩展:in order to 和 so as to 在句中表示目的时,可以转化成 in order that 或 so that 引导的目的状语从句We should work hard in order to pass the exam.We should work hard so as to pass the exam.We should

44、work hard in order that we can pass the exam.We should work hard so that we can pass the exam.为了通过考试,我们应该努力学习。2. space 作名词,意为“ 空间,太空,空白,间隔 ”Leave a space after that word. 在那个词之后留下间隔。扩展:space 的短语after a space 片刻后 in space 在太空中in the space of a moment 一瞬间八、Now the Chinese government has made laws to p

45、revent all these thins in Zhalong. 现在中国政府已经出台了一系列法律法规来制止扎龙的此类事情。1. 现在完成时态由“have/has +过去分词”构成,用法归纳如下:(1)现在完成时主要有两个含义:表示动作发生在过去,但与现在的情况有联系,有时候无时间状语有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如:many times,just,yet,ever, never, already, before, so far, by now 等表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并且还有可能继续下去的动作,用于延续性动词,且句中常常带有表示一段时间的时间状语,如:“since

46、 +时间点/从句”, for two months 等。(2)现在完成时的句型转换:变一般疑问句时,直接把 have/has 提前变否定句时在 have,has 后加 not,或者缩写成 havent/hasnt 2.prevent 作动词,意思为“ 阻止 ”,常见词组为 prevent from doing sth.解析:prevent.from, keep.from 与 stop. from这三个短语的意思都是表示“阻止做”或“ 阻止 发生”,而 protect.from 是表示“保护不受伤害” 。Prevent.from 和 stop. from 用在主动语态中时 from 可以省略Ke

47、ep.from 在表示此意时, from 不可以省略,否则 keep.doing 是“使处于状态中”的意思,如:We must prevent the water from being polluted. 我们必须阻止水被污染。We stopped him from coming here. 我们阻止他来这里。The heavy rain kept us from coming on time. 大雨让我们没能按时到。9、We record their types and changes in their numbers.我们记录它们的种类以及数量的变化。1.record 的用法归纳:(1)r

48、ecord 作动词表示 “记录”,如:We should record the events of the past.我们应该把过去的事件记录下来。表示 “录音,录影”,如:She has recorded several songs. 她已录了好几首歌。(2)record 作名词:作“记录”讲,常用在词组 keep a record of 中,如:Here is a record of road accidents. 这是一份交通事故的记录。表示 “个人行为的记录,履历”,如:Tom had a fine record at school. 汤姆在学校成绩良好。表示 “(常指运动)记录,最好的成绩”,如:break a record 打破记录 set a record 创造记录keep/hold a record 保持记录 equal/match a record 平一项记录national r

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