1、全国中学生英语能力竞赛改错题技巧点拨及强化训练试题为了提高做短文改错题的能力，除了要加强基础知识的积累、提高语篇的整体理解能力之外，还应该对其错项设置的基本情况有所分析，以便做到目标明确，有的放矢，从而提高解题的正确率。我从语法和逻辑的角度，用口诀的形式，向同学们介绍高考英语短文改错中最常见的几类错误。短文改错口诀：句子成分多分析，动词形态，名词数， 认清是形还是副；非谓动词细辨别，习惯用法短语要牢记住；逻辑错误须关注。下面让我们熟悉一下短文改错的设错规律：错误类型包括缺词、多词和错词。其中 1 行正确，9 行需要改正。正确 1 1 1 1多一词 2 1 2 1缺一词 2 2 1 1错一词 5
2、 6 6 7难度系数 0.44 0.42 0.47 0.46短文改错常见错误类型1. 谓语动词的错误是历年考试的重点和热点 常见动词错误类型有 一般现在时与一般过去时错用； and 前后动词时态不一致; 主谓不一致; 缺少动词,特别是 be 动词; 第三人称单数形式错用; 主动语态和被动语态错用。1） They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.（did 改为 do 错误类型属于 ）2） As we climbed the mountain, we f
3、ed monkeys, visiting temples and told stories. (visiting 改为 visited 错误类型属于)3） There will an important game next month.(will 后加 be 错误类型属于)4）One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out.( 主谓不一致)2. 名词的常见错误单复数名词错用；注意区分名词是可数还是不可数；或根据名词前的修饰语或谓语动词的单复数来判断。 Ill get good marks in a
4、ll my subject.（subject 改为 subjects） Their word were a great encouragement to me.（word 改为 words）3. 连词错误连词包括关系代词、副词，并列连词 and/ or/but 等（一般考查从句关系 who/ whom/whose/what/which/how/why/when/where/if/whether ） I have a good friend whos name is Liu Mei. (错用了 who 的所有格形式改为 whose) I teach them, play with them, b
5、ut watch them growing up.(此处应该是并列的关系而非转折，but 改为 and)4. 冠词错误误用 a 和 an（根据单词的因素来判定） ；误用 a 和 the（固定搭配，各自单独使用的地方）多余的冠词或则少冠词。 We may be one family and live under a same roof. (a 改为 the the same 是固定搭配) As everyone knows, its famous mountain with all kinds of pants.（mountain 是可数名词需用冠词，所以加 a ）5. 形容词和副词错误1) 系
6、动词后用形容词（be/am/is/are/was/were/become/go/感官性动词 smell /feel）2) 词性的误用 形容词修饰名词 修饰 实义动词，形容词和副词，过去分词用副词 Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （time 是名词 所以要用形容词 wonderful 修饰） My pronunciation was terribly.6. 代词错误1）代词的主格和宾格（I / me; He/him; She/ her; We/ us ;They/ them ）2）反身代词（myself/yourself/himsel
7、f/herself/themselves/ourselves）3）代词的单数和复数4）多余的代词和少代词 Soon I began to enjoy talking to myself on paper as I was learning to express me in simple English. (express oneself, me 改为 myself ) One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (加 it)7. 非谓语动词的常见错误1）不定式，动名词作主语，宾语。2）and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤
8、其距离较远时） ，3）介词后用动名词 ving 形式作宾语。4）某些动词后要求接动名词或不定式。 Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was. (enjoy 后需接动名词 talk-talking) But his parents think go to college is more important than playing sports.(作主语 改为 going ) Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselve
9、s. I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.8. 介词错误1）词组中的介词误用，2）介词意思理解偏差，3）介词的多用或少用 There are too many people among my family. （among 改为 in in my family 为固定搭配） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touche
10、d the pillow. （去掉 at ）短文改错解题思路和检查原则1）句中各部分的结构是否完整，特别是每个句子要有动词；2）谓语动词的时态、语态；3）非谓语动词的用法；4）名词的单、复数，格的使用是否正确；5）定冠词和不定冠词是否正确；6）代词的格和性的使用是否有误；7）定语从句中关系代词、副词是否准确无误；8）并列句中的并列连词、主从复合句中的从属连词用的是否得当。短文改错解题四原则1）改动以最少为原则 2）虚词以添加或删除为原则 3）实词以改变词形为原则4）以保持句子原意为原则 短文改错解题步骤1）通读全文，掌握大意 2）整句分析，逐行推敲 3）反复通读，复查验证解题注意要点和能力培养
11、 核对错项时，若的确有一时难以改出的地方。可以参考所改动项是否基本符合“1126” 等题型比例。正确 1 个，多一词 1 个，缺词 2 个，错词 6 个。 核对改正的语法项目是否有重复。因为短文改错往往覆盖面广，一般不会出现重复考查某个语法点的现象。原文中每行改动只能改一词，答案也只能是一词。 核对答题符号是否规范，位置是否准确，看看有无遗漏符号，忽略字母大写和拼写等问题 如有两行都难以找到错误时，与其乱改一行，不如都打“”以确保一行正确。 从作文入手，提高自身语言运用素质 合作学习，帮批帮改，提高识错、纠错能力 精炼短文改错，抓好写、比、改三步例题分析Tom and Dick are nex
12、t door neighbor who work 1._in the same office so they walked together to and from 2._office. Some day as they were walking home together it 3._sudden started to rain. Tom quickly opened his umbrella 4._and said, “My wife surely has foresight (预见) . She said 5._on this morning it would rain and told
13、 me to carry my 6._umbrella with me.“ Dick smiled and walked to him, said, 7._“My wife has even great foresight. She told me not to 8._carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 9._have with you.“ 10._ 首先 通读全文，掌握大意 此文讲述的是邻居 Tom 和 Dick 的故事。1. 整句分析，逐行推敲 第二遍阅读后 容易改出的题有 1.2.4.6.10 然后先看前 6 项 第
14、 3 项 翻译整句为： 有一天当他们一起走路回家时天突然开始下雨了 。Some day 不能表示有一天，属于固定搭配中修饰词有误。 第 5 项，由于对 foresight 的意思和用法不清楚， 不能轻易改动。暂放一边 。 现在看 710 项。第 7 项 翻译意思：Dick 笑了笑并且走向他（ Tom） ，说到 ，翻译后很容易可以看出 said 前有一个逗号，and 连接的动词只有 smiled 和 walked。说明此处有错。 第 8 题，又出现了 foresight。现在来比较第 5 项和第 8 项的两个句子。1）My wife surely has foresight (预见) 我的妻子肯
15、定地作出了预见 （Toms wife）2）My wife has even great foresight。 我的妻子作出了更大的预见 (Dicks wife)比较两句后 可以判断这里的 foresight 不是一个动词而是一个不可数名词。可以判定 great 有错。并可以反推第 5 项应该没有错误。(Dick 的妻子说的话明显有比较的含义并且这样才能突出文章的幽默感) 第 9 项理清句子结构后，可以看出有一词是多余的。总结错误考查点有1.名词单复数 2.时态 3. 固定搭配 4。词性 5.多余的介词和连接词 6.非谓语 7.形容词的比较级8.少了代词。题型比例 1 个正确，缺词 1 个，多词
16、 2 个，错词 6 个练习题短文改错（每小题 1 分）Dear Editor,Im writing to talk the construction project which is 1. _gone on in our city. Some agree that we should carry out 2. _this construction project because they can solve some 3. _traffic problems and make our life convenience and comfortable. 4. _And others are ag
17、ainst it. They think the project may 5. _cause air pollution. They also believed the noise produced 6. _by the project disturb peoples peaceful life. Personally, I think 7. _the construction project will certainly do a lot of good for the 8. _city and the people. If we focus our attentions on the 9.
18、 _environment, all of us will live a better life in the future. 10. _Yours truly,Li Hua1. talk 后加 about 2. gone going 3. they it 4. convenience convenient5. And But 6. believed believe 7. disturb 前加 will 或 disturb disturbs8. for to 9. attentions attention 10. On one summer night, Henry was sleeping
19、in his room 1._when suddenly he woke up and sensed that something 2._unusual. He looked out of the window and finding a 3._store nearby on the street was in fire. He immediately 4._shouts at the top of his voice “Fire! Fire! Help!” He 5. _phoned 119 at once and then went out to put out fire. 6. _but
20、 it was very big a fire that he couldnt put it out 7. _by himself. Lucky enough, a lot of neighbours came out 8. _and soon firefighters arrived. The fire was finally put out 9. _and when the firefighters praised Henry his quick ation, 10. _he smiled, feeling very pleased.1 去掉 on。在某一个夏日的夜晚表达为 one sum
21、mer night，前不用介词。2 去掉 that. that 后加一个句子。 3 finding 改为 found。因为与 looked 并列。4 in 改为 on. be on fire 意思是 “在着火” 5 shouts 改为 shouted。时态一致。6 fire 前加 the. 特指上文出现的火灾。 7 very 改为 so 意为“如此-以至于-”8 lucky 改为 luckily 作状语，用副词形式 9 正确10 his 后加 for praise sb. for 意为因为某事表扬某人I went out to see a film with my brother afterS
22、upper. On our way to the cinema, we meet an American 1. _ girl named Alice. She had got lost and looked very 2. _anxious. We went up to see that was the matter, we 3. _then took him to the hotel. While going there 4. _told her the great changes that had been taken place 5. _in our country in the pas
23、t few years and Alice told 6. _us a lot about youth in America 7. _Although we missed the film, but we felt very happy 8. _for we had not only helped Alice get out of troubles 9. _also knew something abut the States We see Englishcan strength understanding and friendship 10. _ 1meetmet 2she who 3tha
24、t what 4himher 5去掉 been6 7youth 前加 the 8去掉 but 9troublestrouble 10strength strengthenI was a honest child indeed. I didnt dare to tell lies. 1. because of my eyes often let the secret out. I remembered 2. telling a lie to my parents, and I could hard fix my eyes on 3. my fathers face, to let alone m
25、y mothers eyes. I glanced 4. here and there, up and down, nervously. 5. However, after I came to Beijing, I no longer have to 6. worry my nervous eyes because everything I wanted to say 7. was sent by letter. I found myself often tell small lies. I wrote 8. “Im well in Beijing. I enjoy the food selling at the university. 9. And at the weekends, I often buy fried chickens or pork to eat.”10. 1.a honest child 改为 an honest child 2.because of 改为 because 3.hard 改为 hardly4.To let 改为 let 5. 6.have to 改为 had to 7.worry 改为 worry about8.tell 改为 telling 9.selling 改为 sold 10.chickens 改为 chicken
