1、目 录 Contents,考情精解读,考点一,考点二,A.知识全通关,B.能力大提升,考情精解读,考纲解读,命题趋势,命题规律,英语 并列连词和状语从句,1.掌握并列连词的基本用法。2.了解9种状语从句的基本作用及用法、位置等,熟知每一种状语从句的连词。 3.掌握状语从句中的时态、语态、省略及一些常考重点句型。,考纲解读,命题规律,命题趋势,英语 并列连词和状语从句,考纲解读,命题规律,返回目录,1.今后高考命题的重点仍将是连词and, but, or。2.状语从句的考查集中在时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句等的引导词上。,命题趋势,英语 并列连词和状语从句,知识全通关,考点一并列连词
2、,继续学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,并列连词用来连接两个或更多的单词、短语或分句。由并列连词连接的,两个或两个以上的分句放在一起的句子叫并列句。不同的并列连词有不同的意义,也折射出各个分句之间的不同逻辑关系。并列连词的种类有:A. 表示并列关系表示并列关系的并列连词有and, bothand,as well as等。Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.汽车半路抛锚了,他们只好在一家小旅馆过夜。Bob as well as his parents is going on h
3、oliday this summer.鲍勃和他的父母今年夏天要去度假。,B. 表示选择关系 表示选择关系的并列连词有or, or else, otherwise, eitheror, notbut等。Be careful about what you say or you may regret it. 当心你讲的话,否则你会后悔的。 Seize the chance, otherwise you will regret it. 要抓住机会,否则你会后悔的。You can come either on Saturday or on Sunday.你可以星期六或者星期日来。C. 表示递进关系表示递
4、进关系的并列连词有not onlybut also, neithernor等。Not only did he speak more correctly, but also he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确,而且说得还更轻松。I have neither time nor money for the ball.我既没有时间也没钱参加舞会。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,D. 表示转折关系表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, however, whereas, nevertheless等。I would have written before, but I w
5、as ill. 我本该早写信的,但我生病了。I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要再尝试。Some men are rich, while (whereas) others are poor.一些人富有,但其他人贫穷。特别提醒although/though不能与but连用,但可以和yet, still连用。如:Although he lives alone, yet he is happy. =He lives alone, but he is happy. 他虽然单独生活,但很愉快。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,E. 表示因果关
6、系表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for, thus, therefore等。We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport. 我们必须早点动身,因为开车去机场得花两个小时。The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk. 商店都关门了,所以我没买到牛奶。特别提醒for引出的分句只能后置,并用逗号与前面的句子隔开;它主要用来表示推测性的原因,或附带解释说明前一分句的情况。so用于连接两个句子,第一个叙述原因,第二个表示结果,且because不能与so连用。
7、如:I think you must set off right now, for they are waiting for you.我认为你必须立刻出发,因为他们正在等你。She was not feeling very well, so she stayed at home all day.她觉得有点不舒服,所以一整天都待在家里。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,F. 表示对比关系表示对比关系的并列连词有while。He likes pop music while Im fond of folk music. 他喜欢流行音乐,而我喜欢民间音乐。特别提
8、醒when也可作并列连词用,其意义为这时,那时, 相当于and at this/that time,常用于下列句式: (1)Sb. was doing sth. when We were having a meeting when he broke in. 当时我们正在开会,突然他闯了进来。(2)Sb. was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth.whenI was about to go out when the telephone rang. 我正要出门,这时电话响了。(3)Sb. had just done sth.when
9、I had just left when it began to rain. 我刚走,天就开始下雨了。,返回目录,英语 并列连词和状语从句,【特别提醒】,1.当or, eitheror, neithernor, bothand等连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据就近一致原则确定。如:Either he or I am right.或者他或者我是正确的。2.名词+as well as+名词作主语时,强调的是前面的名词,谓语动词的形式要根据前面的名词而定。not onlybut also连接名词作主语时,强调的是后者,谓语动词的形式要根据后面的名词而定。如:The teacher as w
10、ell as his students is going to plant trees tomorrow.明天不但学生们去植树,老师也要去。Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.不仅学生们在欣赏这部影片,他们的老师也在欣赏。,考点二状语从句,英语 并列连词和状语从句,状语从句在句中作状语,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号分开;放在主句之后时,一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。状语从句的连词归纳如下:,继续
11、学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,A. 时间状语从句(1)when, while与as引导时间状语从句的区别,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,例 When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。 When the film ended, the people went back.电影一结束,看电影的人们便回去了。 He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去,一边走一边回头望。 Please dont talk so lo
12、ud while others are working.别人在工作时,请别高声谈话。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,(2)表示一就的连词引导的时间状语从句,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,【特别提醒】,表示一就的其他结构:1.hardly/scarcelywhen和no soonerthan。注意:这两个结构中when和than都是并列连词,when/than前的分句通常用过去完成时,when/than后的分句通常用一般过去时。当hardly/scarcely和no sooner提至句首时,它们所在的分句要部分倒装。如: I had hardly/
13、scarcely got home when it began to rain.我一到家就开始下雨了。 No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到火车站火车就开了。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,【特别提醒】,2.“on+动词-ing”和“on+ones+n.结构。当动词-ing和n.在意义上相对应时,这两个结构可以互换。如: On arriving the station, the thief was arrested.刚到火车站,这个小偷就被逮捕了。 On his arrival in Paris
14、he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他刚到巴黎,就被认出是位贵族并被投入监狱。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,【特别提醒】,(3)till, until和notuntil引导的时间状语从句延续性动词(肯定式)+until/till表示动作延续到为止。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark.我们沿着河散步,一直到天黑。瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)+until/till表示直到才发生。 He didnt know anything about it until/t
15、ill I told him.直到我告诉他,他才知道这件事。强调句型:It is not untilthat It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.直到教授来了,我们才开始做实验。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,【特别提醒】,1.till不可以置于句首,而until可以。如: Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。2.not until置于句首,主句要用倒装结构。如: Not until the film began did sh
16、e arrive.直到电影开始她才到。 (4)before 和since引导的时间状语从句before引导时间状语从句时词义非常灵活。 Please make sure you return the book before its due.请确保在书到期之前归还。(在之前) Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.继父和我相处一段时间后才彼此习惯。(之后才),英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,【特别提醒】,例 Someone called me up in the midnight, but he
17、hung up before I could answer the phone.有人半夜给我打电话,但我还没来得及接就挂断了。(还没来得及就) We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们还没跑一英里,他就感到累了。(还没就) Please write it down before you forget it.趁你还没有忘记请写下来吧。(趁还没就)since引导时间状语从句时表示自从以来,从句一般表示动作的起点,用过去时;主句表示动作的延续情况,一般用现在完成时。Since he graduated from the college, he has w
18、orked in this city.自从大学毕业以来,他一直在这座城市工作。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,It+be+时间段+since/before句型,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,例 It will be two years before he leaves the country.要等两年他才会离开这个国家。 It wasnt long before he told us about himself.不久他就给我们讲述了他自己的故事。 It is five days since he came here.他来这儿五天了。 It is
19、five years since he lived here.他不在这儿住已五年了。 (5)by the time, each time, next time, the last time, any time, all the time等短语引导时间状语从句Each/Every time I was in trouble, he would come to help me.每当我处于困境,他就会来帮助我。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候,他正躺在床上。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,B. 地点状语从句
20、(1)引导地点状语从句的引导词where, wherever指具体地点时,从句可用于主句之前或之后;表示抽象意义时,从句需放在主句之前。They are planting trees where there is plenty of water and sunlight.他们正在阳光和水充足的地方植树。(2)区分where引导的状语从句与定语从句where引导状语从句时,where是连接副词,where引导的从句用来说明主句谓语动作发生的地点,where前面没有表示地点的先行词;where引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前面有表示地点的先行词,where引导的从句修
21、饰先行词。Youd better make marks where you have some questions.你最好在有问题的地方做些记号。(where引导状语从句)Youd better make marks at the place where you have some questions.你最好在有问题的地方做些记号。(where引导定语从句),英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,通关秘籍如何判断一个从句是不是地点状语从句呢?对于地点状语从句,我们要知道,这类状语从句用于说明谓语动作发生的地点,通常跟在谓语动词后面,where前没有表示地点的先行词,知道这一点,就会很容易判断出句
22、子是不是地点状语从句。C. 条件状语从句(1)if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件,意为如果;unless(=ifnot)表示反面的条件,意为除非,如果不。 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。 I may not come to see you recently unless I can complete the project ahead of time.除非我能提前完成那个项目,否则我最近不会来看你了。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,(2)in c
23、ase, on condition that, providing(that), provided (that), supposing (that), suppose(that)等词汇意思相近,意为万一,假使, 假如,在条件下。In case there is a fire, what will we do first?万一发生火灾,我们首先要做什么?Supposing/Suppose (that)they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们,我们还能求助于谁? They agreed to lend us the car
24、 on condition that we returned it before the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们,条件是我们必须在周末前归还。 The company promised to give us a discount provided/providing (that) we pay in advance.如果我们提前付款,那家公司答应给我们打折。(3)as long as (= so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句,意为只要。 I dont mind where you go, as long as youre back before midnight.只
25、要你在午夜之前回来,我不介意你去哪里。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,(4)在祈使句+and/or/or else/otherwise+陈述句句型中,祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。Run faster and youll catch the bus.跑快点,你就会赶上公共汽车的。Work hard, otherwise youll fail.努力干,要不然你就会失败的。(5)if only如果就好了和only if 只有也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时,主句部分倒装。If only I had a dog, I wouldnt be so lonely.我要是养
26、一条狗,就不会这么孤单了。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the room.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,通关秘籍复习时要掌握条件状语从句的四大考点:1.考查引导词。做此类题时,只要弄清上下文的语意关系,并掌握各引导词的意思,就可快速填出答案。2.考查时态。在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,主句若用一般将来时,从句往往要用一般现在时,be to do或be going to do等表示一般将来时,但不能用will和shall表示。3.考查条件句中的虚
27、拟语气。条件句中的虚拟语气主要体现在if型虚拟条件句和错综时间条件句中。4.省略形式。如果条件状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句的谓语中有be动词,可以把从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。另外,还有一些省略后的固定短语,如if possible (如果可能),if necessary (如果有必要),if not (如果不是这样),if so (如果是这样),if any (如果有的话)等。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,D. 让步状语从句(1)although和though引导让步状语从句,意为虽然,尽管,主句里不可用but。若要强调前后两部分的对比意义,可在主句句首
28、加yet或still。Although/Though he has a lot of money, yet/still he is unhappy.他虽然有很多钱,但并不幸福。 (2)当as作虽然,尽管讲时,可引导让步状语从句,从句往往放在主句的前面,且从句必须倒装。倒装的形式为形容词/副词/名词/动词/过去分词+as+主语+be/情态动词/助动词。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,例 Much as you suspected him, you couldnt provide powerful evidence.虽然你非常怀疑他,但是你却无法提供有力的证据。(副词提至句首)Young a
29、s he is, he can read and write in several foreign languages.虽然他很年轻,可是他能用几种语言读和写。(形容词提至句首) Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem.尽管他很努力,但还是无法解决这个问题。(谓语动词提至句首)特别提醒在as引导的让步状语从句中,若从句是系表结构,且表语为单数的可数名词,倒装时名词前不加冠词。如:Child as he is, he has a good command of English.尽管他是个孩子,但他精通英语。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,
30、(3)no matter who(what, when, which, how, where等)引导让步状语从句时,相当于who(what, when, which, how, where等)+ever,表示无论何人(什么,何时,哪个/些,怎样,何地等)。He keeps taking exercise in winter no matter how cold it is.不管有多冷,他一直坚持在冬天锻炼身体。Whatever work we do, we should do our best.不管做什么工作,我们都要尽力。(4)whetheror引导让步状语从句时,意为不管是还是。Wheth
31、er she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿,讨论的话题都不会变。(5)while引导让步状语从句时,意为尽管,虽然,相当于although/though。While we dont agree on that, we continue to be good friends.虽然我们在那件事情上意见不同,但我们仍然是好朋友。,【特别提醒】,在引导让步状语从句的所有连词里,as引导的让步状语从句必须要倒装;though引导的让步状语从句可倒装,也
32、可以不倒装;其他连词引导的让步状语从句均不倒装。E. 原因状语从句(1)引导原因状语从句的连词主要有:because, as, since, now that。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义不尽相同。如下表：,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,例 He didnt attend classes yesterday because he was ill.因为他病了,所以他昨天没有来上课。 It was because he was late for class that he was scolded by th
33、e teacher.就是因为他迟到了老师才批评他。 I cant go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去,因为我有很多工作要做。Now that/Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion.既然大家都在这儿,我们可以开始讨论了。,英语 并列连词和状语从句,(2)when(既然), seeing that(鉴于,由于), considering that(考虑到), in that(因为)等也可以引导原因状语从句。 It was foolish of you to take
34、 a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes. 既然步行5分钟就能到那里,你却去乘出租汽车,真够愚蠢的。 Seeing that there were less than half the members present, the meeting had to be postponed. 鉴于到会的成员还没一半,会议只好延期举行。F. 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that, in order that, for fear that, in case(以防)等。,继续学习,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,(1)so tha
35、t与in order that这两个连词都表示为了,以便,引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could, may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后,而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。I am studying hard so that/in order that I can go to a famous university.为了能上一所名牌大学,我一直努力学习。 In order that we could save time we used the computer.我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。(此时不可使用so that),
36、英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,(2)for fear that 表示生怕/以免,in case表示以防。Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity(should) leak away.电池应该放在干燥的地方,以免漏电。Ill keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我给你留个座位,没准儿你会改变主意。G. 结果状语从句sothat和suchthat引导结果状语从句,表示如此以至于。(1)结构形式,英语 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,英语
37、 并列连词和状语从句,继续学习,巧学妙记区别sothat和suchthat的用法:名前such,形、副so,that从句跟在后;多多少少必用so,特别注意是little;小用such,少用so。(2)当so 或such置于句首时,主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一个如此聪明的学生,以至于他能解决所有的难题。 Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此巨大,以致所有的窗户都被震破了。,
