1、Unit 1 Making Friends高频词German,blog,grammar,sound,complete,hobby,county,age,dream,everyone,Germany,mountain,elder,friendly,engineer ,world ,Japan,flat , yourself高频词组close to ,go to school, (be)good at,make friends with,all over,Id like to=would like to知识目标语法1.知道 what,where,who,how old,when,why ,how,
2、which,how many 的含义。2.能用以上的特殊疑问词来提问,并能回答问题;3.知道不定冠词 a,an 的含义4.能在句子中准确地运用冠词。【单词要点】1.German 作形容词时意为“德国的,德国人的,德语的”;作名词时,表示“德国人”,是可数名词,其复数形式在其后加 s,表示“德语”是不可数名词。2.everyone 每个人。作主语时,be 动词用单数e.g.Everyone is here. 人都到齐了。辨析 everyone 与 every oneeveryone 每个人 只指人 其后不能接 of 短语every one 每一个 既可指人,也可指物 其后可与 of 短语连用3.
3、favourite 最喜欢的Favourite 通常用来作定语,没有比较级和最高级形式,在含义上相当于 like best。Whats ones favourite.?=What.does/do sb. like best?4.dream 作可数名词时,意为“梦想”。还可意为“ 梦,睡梦”。dream 还可用作动词,意为“梦想,做梦” ,常用于 dream of/about(doing)sth.结构意为“梦见/想(做)某事 ”。e.g.I never dream of/about happiness like this. 我从来没想到会这样幸福。5.elder adj.年长的,与 younge
4、r 相对。辨析 elder 与 olderelder用来表示兄弟姐妹及子女之间的长幼关系常用作定语older 泛指新旧、老幼或年龄的大小关系 可用作表语或定语都是 old 的比较级e.g.My elder brother is one year older than me.6.friendly adj.友好的。be friendly to sb. 意为“对某人友好”。friendly 虽然以-ly 结尾,但它的词性是形容词,而不是副词。类似的形容词还有:lovely 可爱的 lonely 孤独的 lively 生动的Ugly 丑的 silly 傻的 daily 每日的7.many adj.许多
5、的;也可作代词,意为“许多” 。e.g.There are many students in the school yard.在校园里有许多学生。Many of us think so.我们中有很多人这样认为。辨析:many,much 与 a lot of/lots ofmany 修饰可数名词复数 many cars many peoplemuch 修饰不可数名词 much water much time a lot of/lots of 修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词 a lot of cars/water8.want 及物动词,意为“ 想要 ”,常见句型结构有:want +名词 想要. I
6、want an apple.want +动词不定式 想要做某事 I want to go there.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 He wants me to go.9.enjoy 及物动词,意为”喜欢,享受”,后常接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。10.need作实义动词时,意为“需要”,有人称、数和时态的变化,其后常接名词、代词或不定式作宾语。need to do sth. 需要做某事。e.g.We need some water.作情态动词时,意为“需要”,无时态和人称的变化,常用于疑问句和否定句中,其后跟动词原形。need 用于一般疑问句是,肯定回答用 must,
7、否定回答用 neednt。回答以 must开头的问句,作否定回答时一般用 neednt。e.g.Need he sweep the floor now?他需要现在扫地吗?Yes, he must./No,he neednt.11.other 另外的,其他的。后接单数或复数名词。e.g.My other hobbies are watching TV and reading books.辨析 other,the other,others,the others 与 another other 泛指“其他的人或物” e.g.Do you have any other question?the oth
8、er 指两者中的另一个可作形容词或代词e.g.He lives on the other side of the river.others 指(三者以上)其余的人(物) 作主语、宾语e.g.Give me some others,please。the others 特指某一范围内的“其他的” 作主语 e.g.Two boys will go to the zoo,and the others will stays at home。Ex.Lily and her sister look the same. I cant tell one from .A.other B.the others C.
9、the other D.others【短语要点】1.play basketball 打篮球。在英语中,表示进行某种球类运动时,直接用“play+表示球类的单数名词”即可,在球类运动名词前不加任何冠词。Play 后接西洋乐器类名词时,表示“演奏”,在西洋乐器类名词前必须加定冠词 the。Ex. Bill likes playing volleyball,but he doesnt like playing piano.A.the;the B./;the C.the;/2.be good at 意为 “擅长”,后接名词、代词或动名词,同义词组为 do well in。表示“不擅长”或“ 在某方面做
10、得不好 ”,用 be bad/poor at./do badly in./be weak in.。辨析 be good at,be good for 与 be good tobe good at 擅长 Jenny is good at dancing.be good for 对有好处 Vegetables are good for us.be good to 对好 Our teachers are very good to us.Ex. 1)English is my favourite subject,and I am good it.A.for B.to C.at D.of2)Amy is
11、 good at .A.swim B.swimming C.swiming D.swims 3.look like 表示“ 看起来像.”look 是感官动词,后面跟形容词。 look 也可以和 like 搭配,表示 “看起来像.” ,后面跟名词。e.g.You look so beautiful today. e.g.The hill looks like an elephane.4.by school bus 意为“ 乘校车”by+表示交通工具的单数名词,构成表示交通方式的介宾短语,意为“乘坐/骑”。by bicycle 骑自行车 by taxi 坐出租车 by car 乘小汽车by bus
12、 乘公共汽车 by train 坐火车 by plane 坐飞机“by+交通工具名词” 在句中作方式状语,提问时用疑问副词 how。5.take the bus 意为“ 乘公共汽车”辨析 take 与 bytake 动词 take 后的交通工具前应加限定词 作谓语by 介词都有“搭乘”之意 by 后的交通工具前不加限定词 作状语e.g.I take the bus to school.= I go to school by bus.6.answer to these questions 意为“这些问题的答案”介词 to 在此表示归属或附加,意为 “归于,属于”。the key to the d
13、oor 门的钥匙 the bridge to the knowledge 通往知识的桥the way to school 去学校的路7.lots of = a lot of 意为“ 许多的,大量的”。辨析 lots of/a lot of 与 a lotlots of/a lot of 大量的 常用在名词前作定语,表示数量,a lot 大量,非常 可作主语、表语、宾语或状语,但不能修饰名词。e.g.They need lots of milk everyday.Mr Green knows a lot about China.(作宾语)Monkeys like eating bananas a
14、 lot.(作状语)8.hope to do sth.意为“希望做某事”,动词不定时作宾语。e.g.I hope to be your friend.相关结构:hope for 盼望,期待。e.g.We hope for the best.hope+(that)从句. 希望.e.g.I hope that they win the match!10.hear from 意为 “收到.的来信”,相当于 get/recrive a letter from。e.g.Itt great to hear from you.11.a boy called Bruce 一名叫布鲁斯的男孩called 是 c
15、all 的过去分词。过去分词短语 called Bruce 作后置定语,修饰名词 boy。called 在此处相当于 named。【用法集萃】1.listen to 听 2.close to 接近 3.all over the world 全世界4.far away from 远离 5.pay attention to 注意 6.start with 以开始7.on the Internet 8.in English 用英语 9.learn about 了解10.tell sb. about sth.告诉某人关于某事 11.welcome to 欢迎光临12.be from = come fr
16、om 来自 13.make friends with sb.与某人交朋友14.like/enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 15.live in 居住在.16.would like to do sth.想做某事 17.would like sb. to do sth.想某人做某事Exercises:1)Id like you for a picnic with us.A.go B.to go C.going D.went2)The students in Class Two like sports.A.playing B.paly C.plays D.played3)There a p
17、encil and two rulers in the pencil-box.A.are B.is C.be D.have4)Linda wants basketball with us this afternoon.A.play B.to play C.plays D.playing5)Do you know the girl Amy?A.call B.calls C.called D.calling6)Where your Englis teacher come from?A.is B.are C.do D.does7)Its very hard for us to work out th
18、e answer the question.A.in B.of C.on D.to8)Do you want tennis with me on Saturday morning?A.to play B.play C.playing9)Do you enjoy English in our class,Mr Green?A.teach B.taught C.to teach D.teaching10)Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs it every day.A.practise to speak B.to practise
19、speaking C.practise speaking11)What does your new school ?A.like B.look C.look like D.looks like12)She looks very in her new dress.A.beauty B.beautiful C.beautifully D.more beautiful13)Her mother goes to work bus every morning.A.by B.at C.on D.in【句子要点】1.My dream is to be an engineer.我的梦想是成为一名工程师。本句是
20、一个“主语+连系动词+表语”结构的句子,动词不定式短语在句中作表语。这类句子的主语通常是 dream,work,task 等名词。e.g.Our work is to cleam the classroom.Your task is to get all the balls back.2.What does your father/mother do? 你父亲/母亲是做什么工作的?询问某人现在从事何种职业或做什么工作,常用“What do/does+sb.+do?”句型。询问职业的其他句型还有:What + be + sb.?/What is sb.s job ?/What do/does +
21、 sb.+want to be?3.Below are some reference books.下面是一些参考书。本句是一个倒装句。below 作副词,意为“在下面” ,与 above 相对。e.g.Look at the pictures below.看下面的图片。below 还可作介词,意为“ 在.下方” ,可指位置、程度、数量等、e.g.The boat is below the bridge.船位于桥的下方。【语法专项】1、特殊疑问句1.定义:特殊疑问句是指以 who,what,whose ,which ,when,where,why,how 等疑问句开头,对陈述句中某一部分提问的句
22、子。回答时,不用 yes 或 no,而是用一个句子或短语。what 通常用来对职业或事物提问,表示“什么,什么事”who 通常用来对人提问,表示“谁”when 通常用来对时间提问,表示“什么时候”where 通常用来对地点提问,表示“哪里”which 通常用来对待定范围内的人或物提问,表示“哪一个”whose 通常用来对所属关系提问,表示“谁的”why 通常用来对原因提问,表示“为什么”how 通常用来对方式提问,表示“如何”how old 通常用来对年龄提问,表示“几岁”how many 通常用来对数量提问,表示“多少”,后面跟可数名词的复数形式how much 通常用来对金钱提问,表示“多
23、少钱”2.句型结构特殊疑问句的结构为:疑问词+ 一般疑问句?具体有以下两种情况:(1)疑问词 + be + 主语(+其他)?e.g.Who is your teacher?How old is your brother?Where are my books?Why is he late?(2)疑问词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 行为动词(+ 其他)?e.g.What does your father do?Why do you like English?How many books do you have?(3)当主语是疑问代词 who,whose ,what,which 或由疑问代词修饰主语时
24、,句子应用陈述语序(主语和谓语不倒装) 。e.g.Who likes playing footbal?Which train leaves for Beijing?Exercises:( )1) do you speak English so well?Because I practice it with my partner every day.A.Why B.When C.Who( )2) is Jeremy Lin?He is a famous Harvard-educated,Asian-American NBA basketball player.A.Where B.What C.W
25、hy D.How old( )3) do you go to work every day?By bike.A.What B.Who C.How D.When( )4) can we find your brother at weekends?On the football field.A.When B.Which C.Why D.Where( )5) is her favourite subject?Her favourite subject is art.A.Why B.When C.Who D.What二、不定冠词冠词是一种虚词,放在名词前面,帮助说明名词的含义。它分为不定冠词(a,an
26、)和定冠词(the)两种。本单元主要学习不定冠词 a 和 an 的用法。1.a 和 an 的用法(1) 用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一类An elephant is heavy.(2) 指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物 A reporter wants to see you.(3) 表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有 one 强烈 I have a mouth,a nose,two eyes.(4) 表示每一,用在表示时间、速度、价格的名词前,相当于 everyI go to school five days a week.(5) 用于某些固定词组中 a little,a lo
27、t of,a few2.a 和 an 的区别a 用于读音以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用于读音以元音音素开头的单词前。e.g.an antor a doctor an apple 注:hour, honest 等单词以及 f,h,l,m,n,s,x 等辅音字母,发音是以元音音素开头的,所以当它们前面需加不定冠词时用 an;相反,useful,university,European 等单词的发音却是以辅音音素开头,当它们前面需加不定冠词时用 a。e.g.a university an hourExercises:( )1) Excuse me,is this egg?No,its cake.A.
28、an;a B.a;a C.a;an D.an;an( )2)There is “u”and “h” in the word “hour”.A.an;an B.a;a C.an;a D.a;an( )3) Be careful!There is dog lying on the ground.Thanks a lot.A.a B.an C.the D./Unit 2高频词daily,article,never,table tennis,ride,usually,so,seldom,guitar,geography,bell,ring,end,band,practice,together,mark
29、et,break,grade高频词组junior high school,on foot,take part in,have a good time,go to bed,get up知识目标语法1.认识一般现在时的基本用法;2.了解行为动词在第三人称单数后需加“s”或“es”等变化;3.学会一般现在时的肯定句、疑问句和否定句的句式;4.在具体情景中能准确地运用频度副词:always, usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never。【单词要点】1.love 热爱,喜欢love 后面可以接动词的-ing 形式和动词不定式,构成句型 love doing sth.或 lo
30、ve to do sth.,意为“喜欢做某事” 。 love doing sth 强调习惯性的动作,而 love to do sth.强调某一次特定的动作。可与 like 互换。2.so 因此,所以在连接表示原因和结果的两个句子时,so 后面的句子表示结果,与前面表示原因的句子往往用逗号分开。e.g.I am tired,so I want to have a break.3.辨析 watch,look,see 与 readwatch 观看,注视 指全神贯注地看。看电视、看戏、看比赛、看实验以及各种表演等watch TVwatch a game/matchlook 看,望 指动作的过程,表示有
31、意识地集中精力看,但不一定看见,不强调看的结果,其后接宾语时要加介词 atlook at 看 look for 寻找look after 照顾look up 查寻,查阅see 看见,看到 主要强调动作的结果,但不一定是有意识地看,其后可直接跟名词或代词作宾语see a movie 看电影see a doctor 看医生read 阅读,读懂 主要指看书、看报、看杂志 read newspaper 看报4.At about 5:30pm. 大约在下午 5:30介词 at 此处表示时间,意为“在” 。辨析 at,in 与 onat 在具体的钟点前 at twelve oclockin 泛指在上午、下
32、午或晚上在年、月或季节前in the morning,in 2013in January,in springon 在具体日期前;在星期几前;在节日前; on Sunday afternoon;on Mondayon the morning of July 7th;在具体某一天的上午、下午或晚上前;在有限定词的上午、下午或晚上前on a cold winter morning5.arrive 到达arrive 不及物动词,后面跟地点名词时,应加介词 in 或 at。大地方用 in,小地方用at。【短语要点】1.once or twice a week 每周一两次。在英语表示频率的表达中,表示“一
33、次”用“once”, “两次”用“twice”,若次数为“三次或三次以上”时则用“ 基数词+times”,此时 time 是可数名词,意为“ 次数”。e.g.three times six times2.on foot 步行go to on foot 意为“步行去”,可与 walk to互换使用。3.take part in 参加通常指参加集体性活动,如参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗和庆祝等活动。e.g.John takes part in many school activities.Ex.下周大约有 300 名学生将参加学校的运动会。About 300 students the school
34、sports meeting next week.【拓展】join 是及物动词,意为“加入”,表示加入某一组织,党派,社会团体、某一人群或某一活动中,从而成为其中的成员。join 后常出现 club,army,team,group 以及人称代词宾格等。e.g.join the swimming club 参加游泳俱乐部 join the army 参军4.how often 多久一次用于对表示频率的词语提问,回答时通常用 usually,often,every day,every night,once a day 等表示频率的副词或短语。辨析 how often,how soon 与 how
35、longhow often 多久一次 用来对频度副词或频度副词短语提问how soon 多久以后 用来对表示将来的一段时间提问how long 多长时间 用来对一段时间提问Ex.( )1) do you go to the library?Once a month.A.How many times B.How soon C.What time D.How often2)We help grandmother clean her house three times a week.(对划线部分提问)do you help grandmother clean her house?3)She will
36、 be back in an hour.(对划线部分提问)will she be back?5.ride a bicycle 骑自行车ride 可作及物或不及物动词,表示“ 骑( 自行车/ 马) ;乘(车) ”。e.g.I cant ride a horse.辨析 ride a bike 与 by bikeride a bike 动词短语 bike 前必须加限定词 在句中作谓语,表示动作by bike 介词短语 bike 前不加限定词 在句中作状语,表示方式6.between.and .在.和.之间e.g.The building is between the school and the p
37、ark.辨析 between 与 amongbetween 常指“在(两者)之间” ;当后接三者或三者以上的人或物时,是把这些物体分别看待,指每两者之间。She takes some medicine between meals every day.among 用于指“在.(三者或三者以上的人或物)之间”He is sitting among the children.7.later in the afternoon 下午稍晚的时候later 副词,意为“后来,过后”。常用于“一段时间+later”,表示“.之后”。e.g.He came back two days later.8.at th
38、e end of 在.末,在.尽头。表示时间、空间或事件的过程。相关短语:by the end of.到末 in the end 最后,终于come to an end 告终,结束 end up with.以.结束9.help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事。 with 后跟名词或代词。e.g.Sometimes I help my mother with the housework.相关短语:help sb.(to)do sth.帮助某人做某事e.g.Lets help the old man(to) carry the box.help (to) do sth.帮助做某事e.g.
39、Can you help (to)water the flowers?【句子要点】1.How short it is! 休息时间多么短啊!本句是一个由 how 引导的感叹句,其构成为: How + 形容词/ 副词 + 主语 + 谓语!e.g.How beautiful our school is!How fast he runs!【拓展】what 也可引导感叹句,其构成为:What + a(an) + 形容词+ 单数可数名词+主语+谓语!e.g.What a kind man he is!What +形容词+ 不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语!e.g.What fine weather it
40、is today!What beautiful flowers these are!2.People often start by writing “Dear Diary”.“by+v.-ing 形式” 意为“ 通过做某事 ”。介词 by 意为“通过,凭.”,后面常接 v.-ing 形式,表示通过做某事而得到某种结果。常用来回答 How do you.?或 How can I.?这类问句e.g.How do you learn English?I learn English by listening to cassettes.【用法集萃】1.talk about 谈论 2.from.to.从到
41、 3.keep a diary 记日记4.ask sb. about sth.询问某人关于某事 5.junior high school 初级中学6.in the world 在世界上 7.after-school activities 课外活动 8.have a good/great time=enjoy oneself=have fun 过得愉快 9.play with 和某人玩10.brush ones teeth 刷牙 11.be close to +地点名词 离某地近11.a glass of .一杯. 12.after lunch 午饭后 Ex.( )1)Tom,please gi
42、ve me .A.a glass of milk B.a glass of milks C.two glass of milk D.two glasses of milks( )2)Jenny is friendly,and she always helps me my English.A.with B.to C.of D.on( )3)My father always goes to bed 10p.m.A.on B.in C.for D.at( )4)The two kids practice spoken English joining the English club.A.by B.i
43、n C.on D.with( )5)At weekends,my sister loves but my brother likes fishing.A.swim;go B.swimming;going C.swim;going D.swimming;go( )6)There are not any buses here, my father has to walk home every day.A.because B.and C.so D.but( )7) she was ill, she didnt go to school.A.Because;so B.Because;/ C.So;be
44、cause D.So;/( )8) interesiting the book is!A.How B.What C.How an D.What an( )9) beautiful your school is!A.How a B.How C.What a D.What10)你喜欢打羽毛球吗?Do you badminton? 11)让我们到乡村去帮助孩子们学习。Lets go to the countryside to the kids their study.12)午饭后,他们出去了。They went outside .13)聚会时,我坐在苏和简之间。I sat Sue Jane at t
45、he party.14)下午晚些时候我将跟妈妈出去购物。I will go shopping with my mother 15)下学期彼特将要去中学读书了。他将是一名初中生。Peter will study in the Middle School next term.He will be a Student.16)我每月拜访祖父母两三次I visit my grandparents .17)My grandmother walks to the park every afternoon.(同义句转换)= My grandmother the park every afternoon.【语法
46、专项】一、一般现在时一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作,也可以表示现在存在的状态或主语具有的性质、特征等。一般现在时常与 always,usually ,often ,sometimes 等频度副词或 every day/week/morning,in the morning/afternoon/evening 等时间状语连用。谓语动词 句式结构肯定句 主语+be(am,is,are)+其他否定句 主语+be(am,is,are)+not+其他一般疑问句 Be+主语+其他be 动词的一般现在时特殊疑问句 疑问词+一般疑问句?肯定句 主语+行为动词原形/行为动词三单形式 +其他.否定句 主语+d
47、ont/doesnt+动词原形 +其他.一般疑问句 Do/Does+主语+动词原形+ 其他?行为动词的一般现在时特殊疑问句 疑问词+一般疑问句?e.g.I am eleven years old. Are you good at swimming?My elder sister loves reading. Where are they from? Does your father like playing computer games?Ex.( )1)Whats his brother?He is a teacher.He maths at a school.A.taught B.has taught C.teaches D.will teache( )2)Lucy and Lily sisters.They study at the same school.A.be B.am C.is D.are( )3)Summer holiday is coming,Li Lei with his father to go to Shanghai.A.want B.will want C.wants 二、频度副词频度副词在句中通常位于实义动词之前,be 动词或情态动词等之后。按照动作发生的