1、高考英语阅读解题 方法指导 一、猜词技巧,设问特点： 1、从原文中找单词，短语或句子设问。 2、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同，无法望文生义,只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确。 3、所考单词有的是生词，有的是旧词新意。 4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。 5、错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意胡说。,。,猜测词义题目类型,1.对考纲外生词的猜测,The underlined word “cultivated“ ( paragraph 1 ) roughly means _.,2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测,The underlined word “hit” (paragraph
2、1 ) roughly means,4.对句义的猜测,When I got back out into the street, the world seemed brand-new to me. He was something out of an ancient legend,3.对代词的猜测,The underlined part “it” (in Para. 4) refers to_.,词义理解题常见的题型有: 1. The word “” refers to / probably means/ could best be replaced by _.2. What do you th
3、ink the expression “” stands for?3. The underlined sentence “” means _.,How do you deal with the unfamiliar words or phrases while reading?,Ignore them and continue reading,Look them up in the dictionary,Guess the meaning,1.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2 Unlike his brother, Hobart is quite _
4、.,How to guess the missing words?,Harvey is a thief: he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.,steal,Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome person, Hobart is quite _.,ordinary-looking,plain/homely,Skills for guessing unknown words:,1. The lion has its “territory” , which is an a
5、rea that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.“territory” means _,an area( that-own)动物地盘,2. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up hismind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. The underlined word means_. A.strong B. determined C. kind D. clever,定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释,技巧归纳1: Use _
6、利用_,definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义,mean, refer to, be called, be known as ,can be defined as, in other words, that is , that is to say, namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号,引号,破折号，定语从句etc.,Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）, or young
7、 leaves of trees.The word “pruning” means_ A. Regular cutting of the plants B. Frequent watering C. Regular use of chemicals D. Growing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳 2 ： Using_根据_,common sense or experience 普通常识和经验,技巧归纳3: 利用_from_,2.The period of adolescence, the period between childhood and a
8、dulthood ,may be long or short. A 少儿期 B 幼儿期 C 青春期 D 成人期,同义/同位语 similarity/appositive,1. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today“ocelot” means _,an endangered wild cat,The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such a
9、s deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists. The underlined words used in the text refer to _. A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for rent D. car makers,技巧归纳4: 利用_,举例 from examples,Signal words：for example ，for instance，such
10、as ，like，as，etc.,技巧归纳5： 利用_ From_,1. The snow was falling. Big flakes drifted(飘） with the wind like feathers.,2. Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.,雪花，雪片,爱交际的,比较或对比comparison or contrast,Signal words: as, like, the same as，unlik
11、e, but，however, on the contrary, while,insteadect.,技巧归纳6: 利用_From_,(1)Overwork may cause diseases. over（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工作过度”。 (2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes. dis “不” + satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied “不满意的”。,构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等） Word formation,合成 Compounding,转化 Conversion,派生 Der
12、ivation,构词法 Word formation,prefix,suffix,表否定 un-, non-, in-, dis-表相反 un-, de-, dis-, counter-错误失当 mis-, mal-, pseudo-表向背 pro-, anti-表程度 arch-, super-, ultra- , over-, under-, mini-, semi- , 表时间 pre, fore-, post-表方位 sub-, inter-, trans-,prefix,decontrol transplant counterattack,解除控制,移植,反击,suffix,-abl
13、e （能的） -less （无，不） wards （ 向） -ship （身份；资格；权力；性质） -some （ 易于的） hood （状态；性质；时期） -ish （如的；有点儿的） -proof (防的；不能穿透的） -scape （景） -most (最的）,waterproof streetscape innermost speechless,He is said to be “undersized with “short legs and a “round stomach”. （08广东卷）Tales of the supernatural are common in all pa
14、rts of Britain. （08广东卷）They caught the emotional landscape from heartbreak to joy, but share the undeniable longing for recovery and hope. (2010深一模),派生 Derivation,小尺寸的;较矮小的;,超自然的,风景,不可否认的,He was something out of an ancient legend, his very strange, dusty felt hat, his funny accent from who-knows-whe
15、re （06广东卷）,合成 Compounding,谁都不知是什么地方,Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. （08广东卷）She rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09广东卷）,转化 Conversion,v.n.发言，发表意见,n.v. 倚靠,1. Is he intelligent or stupid?2.Most
16、women in Ghana- the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old- work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers. Their reputation for economic independence, self-reliance, and hard work is well known and well deserved. The underlined word
17、“illiterate” in the passage means _. A. Repeated B. reiterated. C uneducated D. sick,clever,技巧归纳7: 利用_From_,同义词或反义词的关系猜词。 Synonym or Antonym.,1. I feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to “ ” . A
18、full of respect Brude and too confident Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet,B,技巧归纳8： 利用_From _,原因与结果关系猜词 from Cause and Result,Signal words:because, so, so that hence, therefore As a result, as since, for, thus,The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked
19、 as an engineer.A. work B. study C. name D. interest 技巧归纳9: Use_利用_,worked as an engineer.,context or related information 上下文的语境,利用上下文,熟词新义,生活常识,找信息词,指代关系,1. When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?,2. The mayor made an address to the ci
20、tizens at the meeting yesterday.,imagine,speech,（ 福建卷） Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year, equal to the total amount of CO2 giving off
21、in the UK each year. 64.The phrase “ mopping up” in the paragraph means_.A. cleaning up B. taking in C. wiping out D. giving out,When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper. At the time I was
22、astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal (反常的) mental state. How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area? The underlined phrase “turn his back on” most probably mean _.A. leave for B. return to C. give up D. rely on,(全国卷I) If your ch
23、ild is unwilling to discuss something, dont insist he tell you whats on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that hell clam up. 69. What does the phrase “clam up” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A. become excited B. show respectC. refuse to talk D. seek help,As a woman, I feel unsafe here. I
24、spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p. m. I used to use it, but now Im afraid. (14广东卷) 58. The underlined part “it” refers to_.A. a taxi B. the money C. a bomb D. public transport,this ,that, it, them, one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键.,猜词技巧 Tips for g
25、uessing the meaning of words 1.利用定义或解释 2.利用普通常识和经验 3.利用同义/同位语 4.利用举例 5.利用比较或对比 6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等） 7.利用同义词或反义词 8.利用原因与结果关系猜词 9.利用上下文的语境,1 . A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they dont
26、 understand something, they say so.The word “audience” in the paragraph means _. A.students B. people who watch a play C. people who act on the stage D. people who listen to something,常识 teacher-students, 2. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colo
27、urs turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours_ Attracted the customers strongly Had weak effects on the customers Tricked the customers into shopping Caused the customers to
28、 lose interest,D,因果关系 because, 3.Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes . “hazard” means _ A. pleasure, B. problem, C. danger, D. attraction,C
29、,举例for example, 4. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or society The underlined phrase “the most vocal” means_ T
30、hose who try their best to win Those who value competition most highly Those who are against competition most strongly Those who rely on others most for success,C,上下文语境 context or related information, 5. Without examinations, employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and fr
31、om families known to thema form of favoritism will replace equality. The word “favoritism“ is used to describe the phenomenon that _. A. bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B. children from well-respected schools tend to have good jobs C. poor children with certificates are
32、 favored in job markets D. children attending ordinary schools achieve great success,破折号（定义或同位语）,6 .Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence. That is to say, if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there when we come back. “Object permanence” means that when out of
33、 sight, an object _ Still exists B. keeps its shape C. Still stays solid D. is beyond reach,A,1.定义definition that is to say也就是说 2.构词法 permanent permanence,7. A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; instead, it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two,
34、 ages 4 and 18 months.,What does the underlined word “hassle“ probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests,比较comparison (instead相反,反而),8. William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is
35、 of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.” The underlined word “mingled” most probably means . Asimple Bmixed Csad Dhappy,B,definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义,9. The house looked quite normal outside, but inside it was very exotic with fascinating objects on display. As he began putting them in
36、to his bag, a god came into the room. It stopped when it saw Buster, then wagged its tail madly and went over to him, licking his outstretched hand. “Good boy,” Buster whispered. “What a great guard dog you are - trying to lick me to death.”Which of the definitions is closest in meaning to the word
37、“exotic” ? A Messy and untidy. B. Rich and expensive. C. Comfortable and calming D. Unusual and foreign.,对比contrastnormalbut-unusual, 10. Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by,
38、 and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves. By describing lions as “opportunists”, the author means to say that lions _. A. are
39、cruel animals B. are clever animals C. Like to take advantage of（利用） other animals D. Like to take every chance to eat,构词法及下文解释 opportunity-ist,Practice in the passage,11. He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.,Get worse,12.The animal with the longevity is the gi
40、ant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.,长寿,13. They are vertebrates, that is, animals have backbones. 文中“vertebrates”的意思是_,脊椎动物,14. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.,concentrate/focus her attention on,15. But sometimes，no rain falls
41、for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.,A long period of shortage of rainfall,16. Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?,co（共同的）-education-al 男女同校教育的,17. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that i
42、nside the city.,country,Ex2: “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.” ( in the last paragraph) means _.A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was showy D. Da
43、ve was shy,Ex3: And if youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛), you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with-or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy,The underlined word “conflict“ means _. dependent lifefierce fight C.
44、 bad mannersD. painful feeling,Ex.4: Provide incentive. Tell your children the importance of saving. “For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend, you agree to add another dollar to the pot,” says Cathy Pareto, expert in money planning.,The underlined word “incentive” in t
45、his paragraph means _. A Honor B. praise C. excitement D. encouragement,Practice,Mark Twain was not the authors real name; it was a pseudonym.,2. But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time. Then there is a dry period，or drought.,a pen name.,A long period of shortage of rainfall,The house stood
46、 at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.,福建卷) For an answer, I checked with Tim Flannery, author of The Weather Makers: How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth. In his book, he had challenged readers to make deep cuts
47、 in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points, such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica. “To stay below that point, we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,” he said. 73. The underlined words “tipping points” most probably refer toA. freezing points B. burning points C. melting points D. boiling points,
