1、Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,飞行数据记录器和 飞机状态监控系统,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recorder (FDR) is a device which records information about the f
2、light of the airplane. The data recorded on the Flight Data Recorder is used for accident investigations; the data may also be used for monitoring airplane systems. All transport aircraft above 5,700 kg must be fitted with a flight data recorder. The flight recorder system will automatically record
3、airplane airspeed, attitude, altitude, engine performance and other data from engine start-up to engine shut-down.,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Operation of the FDR must be fully automatic and not require pilot switching. Mos
4、t importantly, pilots are not able to turn the FDR off in flight or erase data after landing, to ensure data that may be relevant to an accident or incident is protected for use by accident investigation officers.,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Civil Aviation Flight Un
5、iversity of China,Flight Recorder SystemOn Model 737,757,and 767 airplanes the flight recording system consists of a Flight Data Recorder, Flight Data Acquisition Unit (FDAU), accelerometer and a control panel.,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Figure 4.1,Civil Aviation F
6、light University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),The purpose of flight data recorder is to record the data passed to it by the FDAU.A flight data recorder will record twenty-five hours of data on a continuous tape. To protect the tape in the event of an acciden
7、t, the recorder is housed in a sealed,fire and impact resistant container.,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),The FDR is normally located in a part of the airframe that is likely to suffer least in the event of an impact. Consequen
8、tly, they are normallyDigital Flight Data Recorders (DFDR) are fitted to many modern transport aircraft, and have the capacity to record as many as 300 parameters, including control positions and systems performance.,installed in the tail or roof of the aircraft.,Civil Aviation Flight University of
9、China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Civil Aviation Flight University of China,A triaxial accelerometer is an integral part of the flight recorder system. Accelerome
10、ter measure accelerations along the airplane lateral，Longitudinal，and vertical axes of the airplane and send them to the,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),FDAU.,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Cockpit controls for the FDR are limited to a warning light which ill
11、uminates in the event of FDR failure, and a test switch for use only on the ground.,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Figure 4.2,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Federal Airworthiness Regulation (FAR) 121.343 requires that 17 parameters are recorded by the FDR. T
12、he seventeen parameters currently required by the FAR are: Time Altitude Airspeed Vertical acceleration Heading Time of each radio transmission to or from Air Traffic Control Pitch attitude Roll attitude Longitudinal acceleration Control column or elevator position Pitch trim position Control wheel
13、or aileron position Rudder pedal or rudder position Thrust of each engine Position of each thrust reverser Trailing edge flap or flap handle control position Leading edge flap or flap handle control position,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Civil Aviation Flight Universi
14、ty of China,The October 1991, amendment to FAR 121.343 will require that parameters in addition to the seventeen listed above are recorded. The additionally required parameters are: Ground spoiler position or speed brake selection Marker beacon passage Autopilot engagement Lateral acceleration Glide
15、slope deviation Localizer deviation Automatic flight control system modes and engagement status Radio altitude Master warning Main gear squat switch status Angle of attack Outside air temperature Hydraulic system low pressure Groundspeed,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),
16、Civil Aviation Flight University of China,FAR 124.343 goes on to recommend that additional parameters are recorded if recording capacity is available. These parameters are: Drift angle Wind speed and direction Latitude and longitude Brake pressure/brake pedal position Engine parameters Engine Pressu
17、re Ratio (EPR) N1 compressor N2 compressor Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) Thrust lever position Fuel Flow Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) Traffic advisory Resolution advisory Sensitivity level (as selected by the crew) Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) Landing gear or landing gear sele
18、ctor position DME 1 and DME 2 distance Navigation 1 and navigation2 radio frequency selection,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Figure 4.3,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Airplane Condition Monitoring
19、 System,The FDAU collects ACMS data from the airplanes sensors .,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitorin
20、g System),Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Figure 4.3,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Figure 4.3,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Airplane Condition Monitoring System,ACMS data, which contains some of the same data as sent to the flightThe data storage devi
21、ce may be a disk drive installed in the FDAU itself or a Quick Access Recorder (QAR). A QAR is a tape recorder similar to a flight,recorder data, is sent to a data storage device.,recorder but without the crash protection features.,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Ai
22、rplane Condition Monitoring System),Airplane Condition Monitoring System,Some FDAUs can store the data in memory and then write the data to a storage device called an airborne data loader after the airplane has landed. Airplane maintenance personnel will periodically remove the tapes from the QAR fo
23、r analysis. The tape is taken from the airplane and read by the ACMSA QAR can store much more data than can a disk drive installed in the FDAU.,ground equipment.,Civil Aviation Flight University of China,Flight Data Recording & Airplane Condition Monitoring System),Airplane Condition Monitoring Syst
24、em,In some FDAUs, data from many airplane sensors is analyzed and reports areAn example of this may be an engine exceedance report. Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) data and total air temperature data are analyzed in the FDAU. An EGT exceedance report is generated if the EGT exceeds a preset level. The reports generated by the ACMS may be printed on the flight deck or they may be sent to the airline offices over an ACARS (Aircraft Communications addressing and Reporting System) communication data link.,generated.,
