1、1非谓语动词【非谓语动词】 构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非 在句中的作用（除谓语动词外的任何成分）谓 构成：V.-ing 语 动名词动 用法（主、宾、表、定）词 构成：V. -ing / V.-ed（规则变化）分词用法（表、补、定、状）（一）动名词一、动名词的构成：动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成二、动名词的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语 Eating too much is bad for your health.吃得太多对你的健康有害。谓语动词用单数形式。宾语 动词宾语介词宾语I like playing basketball very much.我非常喜欢打篮球。Stamps a
2、re used for sending letters.邮票是被用来寄信的。表示一般的习惯或抽象行为或经常性的动作。表语 His hobby is collecting stamps.=Collecting stamps is his hobby.多数情况下，动名词作表语可转化成作主语。定语 She is in the reading room.她在阅览室。We should improve our teaching methods.我们应该改进教学方法。只表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等。置于所修饰词之前。注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们初中阶段常见的有：finish, mi
3、nd, be worth, be busy, practice, have fun, have trouble/problem（in）, spend.（in）, feel like, be used to（习惯于）, give up, keep on, consider, suggest, cant help。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆这些词。完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like
4、）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（二）动词不定式1、动词不定时的构成不定时的基本形式为：to+动词原形，有时可以不用 to，这里的 to 是不定式符号，本身无词义，动词不定式的否定形式是 not+（ to+）动词原形。22、动词不定式的句法功能功能 例句 说明主语To speak English is not easy for us=It is not easy for us to speak English. 讲英语对我们来说不容易。作主语用的不定式，常常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式放在后面。表语My work is to clean the room everyd
5、ay.=To clean the room every day is my work. 我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。多数情况下，不定式作表语，可转换作为主语。宾语What sports does he like to play?他喜欢做什么运动？He likes to play basketball.他喜欢打篮球。只能做某些动词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。宾补My mother made me play the piano all the time. 我妈妈让我一直弹钢琴。在 make， let，see，hear，watch 等使役、感官动词后，不定式省略 to。定语 Have you go
6、t anything to say? 你有要说的吗？ 不定式作定语，要放在所修饰词的后面。状语Im sorry to trouble you.（表原因）很抱歉，给你添麻烦了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的）不定式作状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。1. 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为： It+be+adj.（+ for/ of sb.）+ 动词不定式如：To learn English well is useful. It is useful to learn English we
7、ll.Its important for us to protect the environment.注意：在 kind，good ，nice ，clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用 for 而用 of。如：Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。Its very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。2. 不定式作宾语 有些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，如： would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan,
8、 expect 等。如：Would you like to see a film this evening? 你今晚想去看电影吗？在 find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用 it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在后面。如：I find it easy to read English every day. 常见的一些不带 to 的动词不定式Why not do., Why dont you do., had better（not）do., would rather do,could/would/will you please（not）do.I would rather stay in the
9、room.我宁愿待在房间里。3. 不定式作宾语补足语不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 露西让他关小收音机。tell, ask, want, allow, get, would like, encourage 后常跟动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 我妈妈鼓励我学日语。注意：还有一些使役动词和感官动词也用不定式作宾补，这时不定式要省略 to。这些动词有：一感（feel） 、二听（hear, listen to） 、三让（le
10、t, make, have） 、四看（look at, see, watch, notice） 。但变被动语态时，必须加上 to。如： My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 老板让我的朋友们工作了一整夜。4. 不定式作定语3不定式作定语时，应放在名词之后。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不及物动词，且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系，要在不定式后加上适当的介词。There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么可担心的。5.不定式常和疑问词 what, which, when, where, ho
11、w 连用，相当于一个宾语从句。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do. 老师正告诉学生们做什么。He didnt know where to go. 他不知道去哪里。例题 ( )1. Toms mother told him _ eating too much meat.A: stopping B: to stop C: stops D: stopped( )2. We dont know _ it next. Lets go and ask Mr. Li.A: what to do B: to do what C: whether t
12、o do D: to do whether ( )3. How kind you are! You always do what you can _me.A: help B: helping C: to help D: helps( )4 Drivers shouldnt be allowed _after drinking, or they will break the law.A: drive B: driving C: to drive( )5. Water Park is a good place_.A: to have fun B: have fun C: having fun D:
13、 to have a fun( )6. Take time to relax by listening to music, reading a book or just spending some time alone. Relaxing allows you _to your studies with more energy.A: return B: to return C: returning( )7. Nick, would you mind _those old jeans? They look terrible.A: not to wear B: not wear C: wearin
14、g not D: not wearing( )8. _ a volunteer is great.I think so. Some of us want _volunteers for the London Olympics.A: Being；being B: To be；being C: Being；to be D: To be；to be( )9.Dont forget _your history and politics books tomorrow morning.Thanks. I wont.A: bring B: to bring C: bringing( )10.What abo
15、ut _a rest?OK. Lets go out and have a walk.A: to take B: takes C: taking ( )11. I like this set of sofa so much, but I dont know _it in my small house.Youre supposed to put it in the living room.A: where to put B: why to put C: how to put ( )12. While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly
16、 stopped _and lay on the ground, so we all stopped _what was wrong with him.A: to run; to see B: running; seeing C: running; to see( )13. May I have a rest? I have already finished _the report. A: write B: writing C: to write D: written ( )14.I feel a bit hungry now.Why not _for dinner with us?4A: g
17、o B: did you go C: to go D: do you go练习( )1. Granny often tells us _water in our daily life.A: save B: saving C: to save D: saves( )2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished _the email.A: write B: to write C: writing D: wrote( )3.We can use QQ to chat with each other on the Internet.R
18、eally? Will you please show me _it?A: how to use B: what to use C: how can I use D: what can I use( )4.Wheres your brother now，Bob?I saw him _ in the street a moment ago and I told him _.A: playing；dont do so B: playing；not to do so C: play； to do so ( )5. As teenagers, were old enough _with housewo
19、rk. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A: to help B: helping C: helped( )6. Nancy is really a hard-working student. We often see her _books in the classroom.A: read B: to read C: reads( )7 Mrs. Smith made her students _the compositions three times a week.A: write B:
20、to write C: written D: writing( )8.Tom often makes his sister , but yesterday he was made by his sister.A: cry; to cry B: to cry; cry C:cry; cry D: to cry; to cry( )9. Youd better _ too much time playing computer games.A: dont spend B: not to spend C: to not spend D: not spend( )10. More and more yo
21、ung people are trying to do something _the old.A: served B: to serve C: serve D: serves( )11. Why not _ an English club to practice _ English?A. to join; to speak B. join; speaking C. join; to speak D. to join; speaking( )12. When we came to the gate, he stopped _ me go in first.A. to let B. to tell
22、 C. to allow D. to ask( )13. She saw some boys _ soccer on the playground when she was on the way to the classroom.A. played B. to play C. playing ( )14. How about going shopping this weekend, Peter?Sorry, I prefer _ rather than _.A. to stay at home; go out B. to go out; stay at home C. staying at h
23、ome; go out D. Going out; stay at home ( )15. Its a good habit _ every day.A. to keep doing exercise B. to stay up late C. to make much noise D. to too much ( )16. Its hot. Would you mind my _ the window._. Do it as you like, please!A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. closing; Of course D. O
24、pen; Good idea ( )17. Who do you think youd like _ with you, a boy or a girl?5A. to let to go B. letting to go C. to let go D. let go ( )18. The house was so dirty. They decided _.A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. cleaning up( )19. I heard someone _ the door and .A. open; come in B.
25、 to open; to come in C. open; come into D. to open; to come into( )20. The girl was heard _ the piano in the next room.A. plays B. to play C. played D. play初中英语语法 非谓语动词专项练习 1. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.A. having written B. to be wri
26、tten C. being written D. written2. You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.Well, now I regret _ that.A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done3. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet.A. having met B. meeting C. to meet D. to have met4. The boy wanted to rid
27、e his bicycle in the street, but his mother toldhim _.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do5. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard.A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning6. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To l
28、ost7. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation.A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating8. The Olympic Games, _ in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing9. I would love _ to the par
29、ty last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone10. European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. made D. to make11. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _
30、“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading12. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make13. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. A. to have studi
31、ed B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year.A. carried out B. carrying out C. carry out D. to carry out15. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.6A. Having suffered B.
32、Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered16. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen17. The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D
33、. begun18. It is said that in Australia there is more land than the government knows _. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it19. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found _ in the kitchen.A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked20. She looks f
34、orward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden.A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in21. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _.A. to send B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to22. What do you think made Mary so upset?_ her new bike.A.
35、As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing23. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the _.A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remainC. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars24. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to choose.A. to be chosen B. to choose f
36、rom C. to choose D. for choosing25. _ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.A. Being founded B. It was founded C. Founded D. Founding26. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _.A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collec
37、t coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure27. Finding her car stolen, _.A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help28. In order to gain a bigger share in the international
38、 market, many state-run companies are striving _ their products more competitive.A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made29. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in30. There is a new problem involved in the popularity o
39、f private cars _ road conditions need _.A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improvedC. where; improving D. when; improving31. The discovery of new evidence led to _.A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught32. _ the general state of his hea
40、lth, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given733. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung34. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong.A. admit B. admitted C. adm
41、itting D. to admit35. Mr Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.A. set up B. setting up C. have set up D. having set up36. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having37. With a lot of difficult problems _, the n
42、ewly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. setting C. to settle D. being settled38. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _ for another hour.A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting39. In order to make our city green, _.A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. ma
43、ny more trees need to plantC. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees40. How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers.A. to solving, making B. to solving, madeC. to solve, making D. to solve,
44、made41. The teacher asked us _ so much noise.A. dont make B. not make C. not making D. not to make42. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player.A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given43. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.A. put B. to be putting C.
45、to put D. Putting答案详解:1. D。表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语。2. D。regret doing sth 表示对已经发生的事感到 “后悔” ；regret to say / tell / inform / announce 用以报告令人不快之事，表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉” ，主语通常是 I / we, regret 用一般现在时。3. C。agree 只能接不定式，在谓语动之后发生，用一般式，选 C。4. A。根据句型 tell sb (not) to do sth，排除 C 和 D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略 to 后的内容，只保留 to, 所以只有 A 对。5. B。make sb do sth 的被动式为 sb be made to do sth(某人被迫做某事)。6. C。考查过去分词作状语。Lost in thought=As he was lost in thought。be lost in
