1、（识记为主，注意根据意思变化进行时态、语态的变化）,短语动词,【考点直击】,短语动词的辨析（重点的重点！）动词变形（原形、时态、语态）,短语动词是中考的重要内容之一。在初中阶段，我们已经学习了不少短语动词，把他们加以归纳总结，进行重点复习是十分必要的。英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。,1.短语动词的分类,(1)动词介词Look forLook afterAsk for（ask sb for sth向某人要/索要某物）Laugh atarrive atinget toHear ofbegin withco
2、me fromget on，get offquarrel withstop.fromwait for,这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：不要嘲笑别人Dont laugh at others.Tom向他的父母要一辆自行车。Tom asked his parents for a bike.,1.短语动词的分类,(2)动词副词Give upPick upThink over Find outHand in这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。你明天要上交作业。Youll hand in your homework tom
3、orrow.请不要忘记把它上交。Please dont forget to hand it in.,1.短语动词的分类,(3)动词副词介词Go on with,Catch up withget on withpull.up frombe fed up with这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边继续走，我会在5分钟之内追上你。Go on and Ill catch up with you in five minutes.短暂休息之后，他继续他的研究工作。After a short rest, he went on with his research work.,1.短语动词的分类,(4)动词名词
4、介词Take care of,Make use of,Pay attention to,Make fun ofplay a joke onhave a look athave a drink ofsay goodbye to这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边你应该注意你的书写。You should pay attention to your handwriting.我们应该充分利用我们的时间。We should make full use of our time.,1.短语动词的分类,(5)动词形容词（+介词）Leave open,Set free,Cut openbe late forbe
5、angry withbe busy withbe short forbe interested inbe famous forbe good atbe different frombe goodbad forbe friendly to,这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。这些罪犯被释放了。The prisoners were set free.他把它切开。He cut it open.,1.短语动词的分类,(6)动词名词Take place(=happen)make friends这类短语动词用作不及物动词
6、这个故事发生在三年前。This story took place three years ago.我和很多人交朋友。I make friends with a lot of people.,2.短语动词的辨析,(1)be made in（在生产或制造），Be made of(由组成或构成)(2)come down(下来;落)，come along(来；随同)，come to oneself(苏醒)，come true(实现)，come out(花开；发芽；出现；出来)，come over（过来；顺便来访），come in(进来)，come on(来吧；跟着来；赶快),come up with(
7、找到；提出),2.短语动词的辨析,(3)do ones best(尽最大努力),Do well in(在干得好),Do ones homework(做作业)，Do some reading(阅读)(4)fall asleep(入睡)，Fall behind(落在.后面)，fall off(从掉下)，Fall down(到下；跌倒)（5）get down(下来；落下)，Get on(上车)，Get to(到达)，Get up(起床)，Get back(回来；取回)，ge toff(下来)，get on well with(与相处融洽)，get married(结婚)，get together(相
8、聚),2.短语动词的辨析,(6)give up(放弃)，givea hand(给与帮助)，give a concert(开音乐会)(7)go back(回去)，go on(继续)，go home(回家)，go to bed(睡觉)，go over(过一遍；仔细检查)，go out(外出；到外面)，go wrong(走错路)，go on doing(继续做某事)，go shopping(买东西)，go boating(去划船),go fishing(去钓鱼)，go hiking(去徒步旅行)，go skating(去滑冰)，go straight along(沿着一直往前走)(8)have a
9、look(看一看),have a seat（坐下）,Have supper（吃晚餐）,have a rest（休息）,have sports（进行体育活动）,have a cold（感冒）,Have a cough（咳嗽）,have a good time（过得愉快）,Have a headache（头痛），have a try(尝试；努力),2.短语动词的辨析,(9)look for(寻找)，look out(留神;注意)，look over(仔细检查)look up(向上看；抬头看)，look after(照顾;照看)，look at(看；观看)，look like(看起来像)，look
10、the same(看起来像)，(10)make friends(交朋友)，make phone calls(打电话)，make money(赚钱)，make the bed(整理床铺)，make a noise(吵闹)，make faces(做鬼脸)，make ones way to(往走去)，make room for(给腾出地方)，make a decision(做出决定)，make a mistake(犯错误)，make up ones mind(下决心)(11)put on(上演；穿上；戴上)，put up(挂起；举起)，put down(把某物放下来)，put away(把某物收起来
11、),put off(推迟),2.短语动词的辨析,(12)take off(脱掉衣服)，take photos(照相)，take time(花费时间)，take out(取出)，take a seat(坐下)，take an active part in(积极参加)，take care of(照顾；照料；注意)，take exercise(做运动)，take ones place(坐某人的位置；代替某人的职务)，take turn(轮流)(13)talk about(谈话；交谈)，talk with(和交谈)(14)turn on(打开电灯，收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn off(关上电灯，
12、收音机，煤气，自来水等)，turn down(关小；调低)，turnover(把.翻过来)(15)think of(认为；想起)，think about(考虑),常用-ing形式,而不用不定式作宾语的动词,enjoy,finish,Feel like,consider,practise,keep,suggest,mind等她喜欢看小说和游泳。She enjoys reading novels ands wimming.我昨晚读完了这本书。I finished reading the book last night.,常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作宾语的动词,WishwantHopeAgree
13、PlanDeciderefuse等 你想坐在哪里？Where do you wish to sit?Tom同意借出些钱。Tom agreed to lend some money,有些及物动词既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作宾语，但意义不同,remember,ForgetStop请记住替我发了这封信。Please remember to post the letter for me.我记得那封信寄过了。I remember posting the letter.他停下来吸烟。He stopped to smoke.他停止吸烟了。He stopped smoking.,有些及物动词的宾语，既可
14、用不定式，又可用-ing形式，意义基本相同。,like,love,hate,begin,start,Continue等我喜欢游泳。I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer.,练习分析句子成分。,句子的基本句型结构,根据句子所用动词的不同，句子可归纳为五个基本句型。,(1)主语+连系动词+表语。例如：我的妈妈是个医生My mother is a doctor.她的声音很好听。Her voice sounds nice.,(2)主语+不及物动词。他跑得很快。He runs fast.我们认真学习。We study hard.,(3)主语+
15、及物动词+宾语。孩子们经常唱这首歌。Children often sing this song.他学习英语。He studies English.,(4)主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。,我的爸爸给我买了一辆新自行车。My father bought me a new bike.他给了我一个苹果。He gave me an apple.1)及物动词之后跟有双宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物。指人的为间接宾语，指物的为直接宾语。一般情况下，间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如果要把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前需加介词。请递给我一杯咖啡。Please pass me a cup of tea.=
16、Please pass a cup of tea to me.请把你的新书给我看一下。Show me your new book, please.=Please show your new book to me.,2)把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，间接宾前有时加介词to,有时加介词for,这主要取决于谓语动词。一般在动词give,tell,sell,lend,show之后加to。在动词buy,make,get等之后加for。例如：你可以把你的字典借给我吗？Would you lend me your dictionary, please?=Would you lend your dictiona
17、ry to me, please?Tom的妈妈给他买了一双新鞋。Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes.=Toms mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.,(5)主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。,我们保持我们的教室干净整洁。We keep our classroom clean and tidy.我听到有人在隔壁唱歌。I hear someone singing in the next room.1)及物动词指后跟有复合宾语，一个是宾语，一个是宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。我们叫
18、他Jack。We call him Jack.别把你的手弄脏。Dont get your hands dirty.,2)在及物动词之后，用不定式作宾语补足语和用-ing形式作宾语补足语表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作宾语补足语指事情的全过程；用-ing形式作宾语补足语指正在进行的动作的一部分。我听他唱过那首歌。I heard him (to) sing that song.我回来时，听见他正在房间里唱歌。When I came back,I heard him singing in the room.,在感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at)使役动词(let, make, have等)的复合宾语种，不定式须省去to。但变为被动句时，省去的to要加上。我看到他去那个房间。I saw him going to the room.他被看见走进那个房间。He was seen to go into the room.,
