1、鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分1英语语法:并列举和复合句鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分2鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分3鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分4鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分5鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分6鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分7鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分8鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分9鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分10鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分11鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提
2、分12鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分13鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分14鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分15(三)原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because(因为), as(由于), since(既然), now(that)(既然), when(既然), seeing (that) (由于,鉴于), considering (that)(考虑到), given (that) (考虑到)等,每个连词的含义不尽相同。主要的有 because, for, in that, for the reason that; as, seeing (
3、that), seeing as; since; now (that); considering (that)等:The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因为洗涤的方法不好而缩水。I cant get to sleep because of the noise outside. 由于外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。Since As weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱,我们不能购买它。Seeing that its raining, wed better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨,我们最好待
4、在室内。Now that you are here, youd better stay. 你既然来了,最好还是留下吧 (既来之,则安之)。【注】除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when 有时也可引导原因状语从句(when 表示“ 既然”)I wont tell you when you wont listen. 既然你不想听,那我就不告诉你了。区别连词位置 内涵 语气 能否回答why能否被强调because因为主句前/后 直接因果关系强 能 能as由于主句前/后since/now that 既然主句前双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能for 引导的是 并列句表示原因但并不
5、说明主句行为发生的直接原因, 只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for 引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。He could not have seen me, for I was not there.他不可能见过我, 因为我不在那里。He seldom goes out now, for he is very old.他难得出门了,因为他年事已高。注意:in view of the fact that 可用 as/since/seeing that 来表示,但不能用 because:As/Since/Seeing that you are here,you may as we
6、ll give me a hand.既然你在这里,你就帮我个忙吧。As/Since/Seeing that Tom knows French, hed better do the talking.既然汤姆懂法语,最好让他来谈。在 as/since/seeing that 意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时,可用 if 来代替:As/Since/Seeing/If you dont like Bill。why did you invite him?既然/如果你不喜欢比尔,你为什么邀请了他?鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分16(四)目的状语从句目的状语的从句可以由 that, so tha
7、t, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case 等词引导。1.so that, in order that引导的状语从句中常用情态动词;in order that 较为正式,引导的状语从句可位于主句前/后;而 so that 引导的状语从句只能位于主句之后。She worked hard so that everything would be ready by 5 oclock.她努力工作,以便在五点前是一切都就绪。I get up early in order that I can catch the early bus.= In order t
8、hat I can catch the early bus, I get up early.2. for fear that, in case引导状语从句时,for fear that 表示“害怕,担心”某事会发生;in case 表示“ 以防(万一) ”出现某种情况。He was worried for fear(that)the child might hurt himself.他很担心孩子会伤了自己。Take your raincoat in case it rains.(五)结果状语从句1.结果状语的从句可以由 so that,so that,suchthat 引导。2. 当 so/s
9、uch 以及所修饰的部分位于句首时,主句应该用倒装语序。so + adj./adv. +that 从句so + adj. + a/an + 可数名词单数 + that 从句so +many/much/few/little +n. + that 从句such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 + that 从句such + adj. +复数名词/不可数名词+ that 从句such +a lot of/lots of +n. + that 从句Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe in him.=Mike is so ho
10、nest a worker that we all believe in him.= So honest a worker Mike is that we all believe in him.= such an honest worker Mike is that we all believe in him.It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.除结果状语从句以外,tooto,enough t
11、o,soas to等结构同样表示结果。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.= He get up too late to catch the bus.= He get up so late as to miss the bus.鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分17(六)条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if(如果,假设) ,unless(除非,若不,除非在的时候) ,on condition(that).(在条件下) ,suppose/supposing(如果,假设) ,provided that(假如,除非,以为条
12、件) ,so/as long as(只要) ,in case(如果)主句用一般将来时,if 或 unless 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时。【注:在条件状语从句中,绝大数情况下 some 要变为 any。 】You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保密。Supposing it rains, sh
13、all we continue the sports meeting?倘若下雨,我们的运动会还要继续举行吗?He wont be against us in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.如果我们提前征求一下他的意见,他就不会在会上反对我们。从上述例句可以看出 if, unless, on condition (that), supposing, provided 等词引导的条件状语从句,主从句条件关系分明,结构清晰。但有些句子,虽没有含条件关系的连词,却也隐含着条件关系,这些句子常用一些词,如 but f
14、or, without 等引出一个介词结构来表示条件,条件应该是虚拟的,或与事实相反的假设。如:but for 若非,要不是But for the rain, we should have a pleasant journey.要不是下雨,我们的旅行肯定会很愉快。But for your help, we should not have finished in time.要不是你帮忙,我们肯定不能及时完成任务经典语句:If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the zoo.If you open the door,i will come in.(七)
15、让步状语从句引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although表示“虽然,纵然 ”之意这两个连词意思大致相同,在一般情况下可以互换使用。在口语中,though 较常使用,although 比 though 正式,二者都可与 yet, still 或 never,the less 连用,但不能与 but 连用。Though I believe it, yet I must consider.尽管我相信这一点,但我还得考虑考虑。Although/Though he was exhausted,(still) he kept on working.虽然他已经精疲力竭了,但仍然继续
16、工作。Although/Though he is very old,(yet) he is quite strong.鸣志教育启迪思维 点拨方法 开发潜能 直线提分18他虽然年纪大了,身体还很健壮。注意:although 引导的让步状语从句位于主句之前的情况较多, though 引导的让步状语从句可位于主句之前或主句之后。例如:She passed the examination though she had not studied very hard. 她虽然不用功学习,考试却及格了。as( though)as 引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装的形式出现,被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原
17、形,though 也可用于这样的结构中,但 although 不可以这样用。Object as/though you may, Ill go.(=Though/Although you may object, Ill go.)纵使你反对,我也要去。Hard as/ though he works, he makes little progress. (=Though he works hard, he makes little progress.)尽管他学习很努力,但几乎没取得什么进步。Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thi
18、ng to do.=Though he was a child, 虽然他是一个孩子,但他知道该做什么。Fast as you read, you cant finish the book so soon.纵然你读得快,你也不能这么快读完这本书。(3)whether.or.(不管 还是) ;疑问词+-ever 与 no matter+疑问词(不管;无论)Whether you believe it or not, it is true.Whatever(=no matter what) you say, he wont believe you.Whoever(=no matter who) you are, you must obey the rules.注意:Whatever ,Whoever,Whomever,Whichever 还可以引导名词性从句。You can take whatever you like.