1、 THE 5000 HOUSING UNITS PROJECT IN LIBRA 利比亚 5000 套单层住宅 PAGE 1VOLUME2, PART 1 第一部分：第二章 NOV，200 7SECTION: 2 第 2 章 混凝土PART 1 GENERAL 第 1 节 总则1 DESCRIPTION 说明All concrete work is governed by this Section. 所有混凝土工程受本章的管理。Work Included: Provide all cast-in-place concrete, complete and in place, as require
2、d by the Work, specified herein on the drawings and specifications. 包括的工作：按照图纸上规定的工作和相关标准要求，完整而到位地提供所有现浇混凝。RELATED WORK: 有关工作1 General Requirements 一般要求2 Material 材料3 Concrete Mix 混凝土配合比4 Construction Requests 施工要求1.1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:一般要求1.1.1. Concrete shall be batched only with approved mate
3、rials, approved mix designs, and at approved facilities. 只能使用批准的材料、批准的配合比设计和在批准的设施内对混凝土进行配料。1.1.2. The Contractor shall define the method of design of the mix, by reference to a recognised published design method. 承包商应通过参考认可的设计方法确定配合比设计。1.1.3. Plant trials shall be carried out for each grade and typ
4、e of concrete in the contract, 你unless approved otherwise by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，应对每种标号和种类的混凝土进行工厂试验。1.1.4. Aggregate proportions shall be based on measured and not assumed relative densities. 集料的比例应根据测量的而非假设的相对密度。1.1.5. If requested by the Engineer, concrete mix designs which include an admix
5、ture shall be prepared and tested 如果监理工程师要求，应准备和检验含外加剂的混凝土配合比设计。1.1.6. Results of the trial mixes must demonstrate that the mix complies with the strength, workability and durability requirements of specification. 试验配合比的结果必须证明所采用的配合比符合规范的强度、和易性和耐久性要求。1.2. QUALITY ASSURANCE 质量保证1.2.1. Reference Codes
6、 and Standards. Concrete work shall conform in general to the requirements of BS 8110 and BS 5328. 参考规范和标准混凝土工程一般应符合英国BS8110 和 BS5328 的要求。1.2.2. The following codes and standards referenced herein but not dated shall be those of the latest edition on the date of the Purchase Order contract. 以下引用的但未标
7、注日期的规范和标准应当是定购合同之日的最新版本的规范和标准。1. BS 12 -Portland cement 硅酸盐水泥（英国标准）2. BS 812 -Testing aggregates 检验集料 （英国标准）3. BS 882 -Aggregates from natural sources for concrete 混凝土的天然集料（英国标准）4. BS 1881 -Methods of testing concrete 混凝土的检验方法（英国标准）5. BS 3148 -Water for making concrete (including notes on the suitab
8、ility of the water) 混凝土用水（包括关于水的合适性的注释）（英国标准）6. BS 4027 -Sulphate-resisting portland cement 抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥（英国标准）7. BS 4408 -Recommendations for non-destructive methods of test for concrete 对混凝土非破坏性检验方法的建议（英国标准）THE 5000 HOUSING UNITS PROJECT IN LIBRA 利比亚 5000 套单层住宅 PAGE 2VOLUME2, PART 1 第一部分：第二章 NOV，200 7
9、8. BS 4550 -Methods of testing cement 水泥检验的方法（英国标准）9. BS 5075 -Concrete admixtures 混凝土外加剂（英国标准）10. BS 5328 Part 1 -Guide to specifying concrete 混凝土说明指南（英国标准）11. BS 5328 Part 2 -Methods for specifying concrete mixers 说明混凝土搅拌机的方法（英国标准）12. BS 5328 Part 3 -Specification for the procedures to be used in
10、producing and transporting concrete 对在生产和运输混凝土中使用的程序的说明（英国标准）13. BS 5328 Part 4 -Specification for the procedures to be used in sampling, testing and assessing compliance of concrete 对在取样、 检验和评价混凝土的符合性时使用的程序的说明（英国标准）14. BS 6089 -Assessment of concrete strength in existing structures 对既有结构物的混凝土强度的评价（
11、英国标准）15. BS 6100 -Glossery of building and civil engineering terms 建筑和土木工程术语词汇汇总表（英国标准）16. BS 6699 -Ground Granulated Blastfurnace Slag 磨细矿渣水泥（英国标准）17. BS 8110 -Structural use of concrete 混凝土的结构用途（英国规范）1.2.3 Quality Control: Do not begin concrete production until all mix designs have been reviewed a
12、nd certified by the Engineers Representative. 质量控制：只有当工程师代表审查和批准了所有的配合比设计时，才能开始混凝土的生产。1.2.4 Workmanship: The Contractor is responsible for correction of concrete work which does not conform to the specified requirements including strength, tolerances and finishes. 工艺： 承包商应负责纠正不符合规定要求，包括强度、公差和表面光洁度的混
13、凝土工作。1.2.5 Should cubes testing indicate unacceptable concrete, coring, load testing or removal and replacement of the concrete may be required to the client. 如果砼试块试验显示混凝土不合格，可能需要进行提取芯样、荷载试验或清除并替换混凝土。1.2.6 Concrete may be subject to settlement. It should be noted that top of concrete elevations shou
14、ld reflect final installation elevations after any settlement. 混凝土可能会沉降。应注意到，混凝土的顶部标高应当反映所有沉降后的最终安装标高。1.3 Concrete Testing Services: 混凝土的检验设施1.3.1. The Contractor shall set a Testing Laboratory approved by the Engineers Representative to perform the testing of the concrete during the progress of the
15、 work. It should have the capacity to perform material evaluation tests, to design concrete mixes, and to perform strength tests associated with form removal. 承包商应设置一个实验室。该实验室应获得监理工程师代表的批准，承担工程进展过程中的对混凝土的检验. 并具备材料的评估试验，设计混凝土配合比和涉及模板拆除有关的强度检验的能力。2. MATERIALS 原材料2.1. Recent independent test results ac
16、ceptable to the Engineer confirming compliance with the specified requirements and referenced standards. 工程中所使用材料应具备符合相关规范和相应标准的合格证，并得到监理工程师的认可。2.2. Cement 水泥2.2.1. nufacturers certificates shall also be supplied with each consignment of cement certifying compliance with the relevant standard. Deliv
17、er by bulk or in the original sealed containers or bags, bearing the manufacturers name, cement type and date of manufacture, in batches not exceeding 100 tonnes.对于每次交货的水泥应配有产品合格证书，证明产品符合有关标准。散装或者使用密封容器或袋装分批提供水泥，每批不超过100 吨，水泥外包装上注明厂家名称、水泥品种和生产日期。THE 5000 HOUSING UNITS PROJECT IN LIBRA 利比亚 5000 套单层住宅
18、 PAGE 3VOLUME2, PART 1 第一部分：第二章 NOV，200 72.2.2. Provide cement samples from each consignment delivered to the site as required by the Engineer for testing. 按照监理工程师的要求对进场的每批货提供水泥样品 ，用于检验。2.2.3. Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) shall conform to BS 12 or ASTM C150 Type I. 普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC ）应符合 BS12 第 1 类。Unle
19、ss noted otherwise, MSRC shall be utilized for grade C25 concrete. Sulphate Resisting Portland Cement (MSRC) shall conform to BS 4027 Type II 除非另有说明，C25 混凝土应使用中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥。中等抗硫酸盐硅酸盐水泥(MSRC) 应符合BS4027 类型 II2.3. GGBS 磨细矿渣2.3.1. Manufacturers certificates with all information necessary to verify complia
20、nce with BS 6699 shall also be supplied with each consignment of GGBS. 对于每次交货的磨细矿渣水泥应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合英国标准 6699。2.3.2. As requested by the Engineer for independent testing. 依照监理工程师的请求进行独立检验。2.3.3. GGBS shall comply with BS 6699, in addition to the following requirements, unless other wise app
21、roved by the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另有批准，磨细矿渣应符合 BS6699 以及以下要求。1）. Raw material (slag) is limited to one source. Slag supplied or blended from several different plants or steel mills will not be accepted unless approved by the engineer. 天然材料 （矿渣）限于一种来源。除非监理工程师批准，不能接受由几个不同工厂或钢铁厂提 供的或拌合的矿渣。2）. GGBS shall be
22、 supplied to the concrete batching plant in bulk powder form. 磨细矿渣应以散装粉末方式提供给混凝土搅拌站。3）. Interground slag cements shall not be used. 不得使用中等磨细矿渣水泥。4）. Preblended slag cements shall not be used. 不得使用预混合矿渣水泥。2.4. Microsilica 硅粉2.4.1. Manufacturers certificates with all information necessary to verify co
23、mpliance to an Internationally recognised standard shall also be supplied with each consignment with Microsilica. 对于每次交货的硅粉，应配有含有所有必要资料的产品合格证书，证明产品符合国际认可的标准。2.4.2. Microsilica shall comply with an internationally recognized standard, in addition to the following requirements, unless otherwise approv
24、ed by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，硅粉应符合国际认可的标准以及下列要求。2.2.3 Raw material (Microsilica) is limited to one source. Microsilica supplied by more than one vendor will not be accepted, unless approved by the Engineer. 天然材料（硅粉）限于一个来源。除非工程师另有批准，不得接受多个卖主提供的硅粉。2.2.4 Microsilica shall be supplied to the concrete b
25、atching plant in bulk powder form. 硅粉应以散装粉末形式提供给混凝土搅拌站。2.5. Aggregates 集料2.5.1. Provide samples of both fine and coarse aggregates for testing prior to beginning deliveries. 在材料进场前提供细集料和粗集料的样品。2.5.2. Aggregates shall meet the requirements following general requirements, unless otherwise approved by
26、the Engineer. 除非监理工程师另批准，集料应符合以下一般要求。1） Aggregates shall consist of hard, durable, uncoated particles containing no harmful material in quantities sufficient to adversely affect the concrete or reinforcing steel. 集料应由坚硬的、耐用的和未涂层的颗粒组成。颗粒不含有数量足以严重影响混凝土或钢筋的有害物质。2） Aggregates shall comply with the requi
27、rements of BS 882. 集料应符合 BS882 的要求。2.6. Water 水THE 5000 HOUSING UNITS PROJECT IN LIBRA 利比亚 5000 套单层住宅 PAGE 4VOLUME2, PART 1 第一部分：第二章 NOV，200 72.6.1. Provide samples of water proposed for concreting works. 提供拟用于混凝土工程的水的样品。2.6.2. Water used for concrete-mixes and washing of equipment shall be potable
28、water and shall comply with the requirements of BS 3148, unless otherwise stated herein or in Table 5. 除非这里有规定或表 1 中有规定，混凝土混合物和设备清洗用水为饮用水，并且符合 BS3148 的要求。2.6.3. The pH of water used in concrete work shall be in the range of 7 9. 混凝土工程用水的pH 值应在 4 9 之间。2.6.4. Whenever required to do so by the Engineer
29、, the Contractor shall take samples of the water being used for mixing concrete and test them for quality as directed by the Engineer. 无论何时当监理工程师要求时，承包商应对用于拌合混凝土的水进行取样，并且按照工程师的指示检验水的质量。表 TABLE 1CHEMICAL LIMITATIONS FOR MIXING WATER 拌和水的化学限制Max. Concentration 最大浓度 Test Method检验方法Limit, mg/l限制，毫克/升（美国
30、材料实验协会标准）1. Chloride (as CI) 氯化物 ASTM D512 2502. Sulphates 硫酸盐 ASTM D516 3503. Alkali carbonates and bicarbonates碳酸碱和重碳酸盐ASTM D513 5004. Total dissolved ions, including 1, 2 the workability shall equate to the designed target value. Six cubes from each mix shall be taken, three for test at 28 days.
31、在三天中的每天制作试验配合比；和易性应等于设计目标值。每个配合比应制作6 个试块，其中 3 个 试块用于 28 天试验。3.1.4 Further trial mixes shall be made if the range (the maximum minus the minimum of the three cube results in any batch) exceeds 15% of the average of that batch, or if the range of the three batch averages exceeds 20% of the overall ave
32、rage of the batches. 如果范围值 （任何批次混凝土的三个试块试验结果的最大值减去最小值）大于该批次的平均值的 15%，或者如果三个批次平均值的范围值大于这些批次的总平均值的 20%，应当继续制作试验配合比。3.1.5 The average 28 day CCS of the three trial mixes shall not be less than the designed mean strength, and the results of the above tests shall be acceptable before the mix is approved.
33、 Otherwise the mix shall be redesigned. 三个试验配合比的 28 天混凝土平均抗压强度应不小于设计平均强度，而且在批准配合比之前以上试验的结果应当是可接受的。否则，应重新设计配合比。3.2 Quality Control 质量控制3.2.1 Test Cubes 试块1） Cubes shall be manufactured in an on-site laboratory, specially equipped for the purpose, in controlled conditions. They shall be made, cured, s
34、tored, transported and tested to BS 1881 Parts 108, 111 and 116. 试块应在控制的条件下在专门配备设备的现场实验室制作。应按照英国规范 BS1881 第 108 节、 111 节 and 116节制作、养护、储存、运输和检验试块。3.2.2 Sampling Cubes 试块取样1） From each sample three cubes shall be made for testing at 28 days and three for testing at 7 days for control purposes. The 28
35、 day CCS shall be the mean of three cubes. 为了控制目的，应从每个样品中制作三个试块做第 28 天试验，并且制作三个试块做第 7 天试验。第 28 天的混凝土抗压强度应当是三个试块的平均值。2） Samples shall also be taken and two cylinders cast to determine the tensile strength of the concrete at 7 days and 28 days, as specified in BS 1881 Part 117. These samples shall be
36、taken from every 100 batches, but at least once a week during concreting operations, and shall coincide with samples taken for test cubes. 按照英国规范 BS1881 第 117 节的规定，提取样品和浇筑两个圆柱体以确定混凝土的第 7 天和第 28 天的抗拉强度。每 100 批混凝土应提取样品，但是在混凝土浇筑施工中至少每周一次取样，而且与试块取样相符合。3.2.3 Cube Strength Results 试块强度结果The results will b
37、e unacceptable if : 如果有以下情况，试块强度结果将不合格：1） .The average strength determined from any four consecutive test results does not exceed the CCS by 0.5 times the current margin.根据任何 4 个连续试验结果确定的平均强度不大于混凝土抗压强度的通用差额的 0.5 倍。THE 5000 HOUSING UNITS PROJECT IN LIBRA 利比亚 5000 套单层住宅 PAGE 8VOLUME2, PART 1 第一部分：第二章
38、NOV，200 72） One or more results in forty is less than 85% CCS. 40 个试块试验的一个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度的 85%。3） Three or more results in forty are less than CCS. 40 个试块试验的三个或多个强度结果小于混凝土抗压强度。4. PART 4 EXECUTION 第 4 节 施工4.1. ROUTINE CONCRETE TESTING 常规的混凝土检验4.1.1 Under the supervision and direction of the Engineer
39、, the Contractor shall perform all tests as shown in Table 10, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另行批准，承包商，在工程师的监督和指示下，应进行表 4 中规定的一切检验。表 4 TABLE 4 FREQUENCY OF TESTING FOR FRESH AND HARDENED CONCRETE 新浇混凝土和凝固混凝土的检验频率Test 检验内容Minimum Frequency 最低频率C20 C40 and Above 及以上Temperature 温度 As d
40、irected by the Engineer 按照工程师的指示Each load 每车Concrete Slump 砼坍落度 每 Every 25m3 Each load 每车Concrete density and compressive strength 混凝土密度和抗压强度6 cubes per 100m Min. once per day6 cubes per 50mMin. once per day。每 50m取 6 个试块，每天至少一次。Concrete unit weight (wet) 混凝土容重 （湿）Twice per day 每天两次Every 50m3 Min. tw
41、ice per day。每 50m取 1 个，每天至少二次Concrete bleeding 混凝土的泌水性NA 不适用 As directed by the Engineer。按照工程师的指示Water permeability 渗水性 NA 不适用 3 cubes every 100m3 or as directed by the Engineer 。每100m 取 3 个试块，或者按照工程师的指示Rapid Chloride Penetration (RCP) 氯化物快速渗透NA 不适用 3 cubes every 250m3 or as directed by the Engineer
42、 。每250m 取 3 个试块或者按照工程师的指示SO3 and Cl contents硫酸盐和氯化物含量As directed by the Engineer 按照工程师的指示Every 250m3 or as directed by the Engineer 每 250m取 1 个或者按照工程师的指示4.2 Routine Test Cubes 试块常规检验4.2.1 Test cubes shall be randomly taken from the concrete which is being used in the work and prepared in accordance
43、to the relevant standard and the following provisions, unless otherwise approved by the Engineer. 除非工程师另有批准，应随机地从工程中使用的混凝土中提取试块，并且按照有关标准和以下规定制作试块。1） All cubes shall be made at the point of delivery and all cubes for each set must be from the same load (transit mixer truck). 所有的试块应在混凝土进场地点制作，并且每组的所有试
44、块必须取自于同一车混凝土 （搅拌车）。2） Use approved cube moulds of the same type and manufacture for making all test specimens. 使用批准的、同一类型和厂家的试模制作所有检验样品。3） All cubes shall be kept in closed insulated boxes for initial curing until removed from the moulds and placed directly in a suitable curing tank. 所有的试块应放在密封的盒子中进
45、行最初的养护，然后从模具中拿出，并且直接放入合适的养护箱中。THE 5000 HOUSING UNITS PROJECT IN LIBRA 利比亚 5000 套单层住宅 PAGE 9VOLUME2, PART 1 第一部分：第二章 NOV，200 74） Six cubes (150mm) shall be made for density and compressive strength testing. 制作六个试块（150 毫米）进行密度和抗压强度试验。5） Six cubes (150mm) shall be made for water permeability testing. 制
46、作六个试块（150 毫米）进行渗水性试验。6） Six cubes (150mm) shall be made for RCP testing. 制作六个试块（150 毫米）进行氯化物快速渗透试验。7） Each grade of cubes shall be numbered consecutively through out the work and marked with the date. 每种标号的试块在工程过程中应连续地编号，并且标上日期。8） For compressive strength and density, test 3 cubes at 7 days and 3 at
47、 28 days. 对于抗压强度和密度，分别在第 7 天检验 3 个试块，和在第 28 天检验 3 个试块。4.2.2 The Mean of 3 cube strength results shall be taken as the test result. 取这 3 个试块强度结果的平均值为检验结果。If an individual cube result varies by more than 10% from the mean result, that cube value shall be discarded and the result will be the average of
48、 the remaining cube values。如果一个试块的强度结果与平均强度结果相差大于 10%，那么该强度结果应作废；并且强度结果将是剩余试块强度值的平均值。4.2.3 No individual strength test result (average of 3 cubes) shall fall below 85% of the specified strength. 任何单独的强度检验结果（3 个试块的平均值）都不能低于规定强度的 85%。 1） The average of any 3 consecutive strength test results must equa
49、l or exceed the specified strength. 任何 3 个连续强度检验结果的平均值必须等于或大于规定的强度。4.2.4 If the average 7 day strength indicates that the concrete may be defective; the Contractor shall immediately inform the Engineer and stop all concrete activities until the reason for such low strength is determined and corrected. 如果平均 7 天强度显示混凝土可能有缺
