1、1主谓一致概念：主谓一致是指主语和动词之间在“人称”和“数”方面的一致，这种一致常由三种不同的原则所支配，既：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致原则。知识 1：语法一致原则主语和谓语通常在语法形式上取得一致，即 主语：单数谓语：单数 主语：复数谓语：复数由 and 或 both.and.链接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 （若链接的是不可数名词，谓语动词也用复数形式）Tom and Mike are good friends.Both Lucy and Lily are students.Both coffee and beer are on sale in the shop.用“ one,
2、every one,each one,any one,each,either,neither 等+of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Every one of the students is studying hard.Neither of the girls is pretty.不定代词either,neither,eachone,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone, somebody,something,everyone,everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等在句中作主
3、语时，谓语动词用单数。Is there anything wrong with your bike?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.不定式、动名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。To teach is to learn.Playing with fire is dangerous.在下列结构中，谓语动词的形式和前面的 A 部分主语保持一致。Together withAlong with(或 with)Besides/but/exceptAs well as IncludingRather than In addition toThe boy
4、together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.The captain ,as well as the other players,was tired.Alice,together with her boyfriend,goes fishing every Sunday.The wallet,with the ID card and miney,was lost.Nobody but Xiao Wang and Xiao Li was in the classroom.A + + B + 谓语动词+2由“ some（of）,pl
5、enty of,a lot of,lots of,most(of),the rest (of),all (of) ,half (of)，分数或百分数+of+名词” 等短语作主语时，谓语动词常与 of 所修饰的名词保持数的一致。Most of the students in our class were for the plan.Most of the water in the lake has been polluted by the factory.I want these blue ones.The rest belong to you.Lets drink the water first
6、.The rest is going to be given to them.Half of the apples have been rotten.Half of the apple has been rotten.“a number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语复数“the number of+名词复数”作主语时，谓语 单数A number of trees are cut down.The number of students in our class is 32.none 作主语指代不可数名词时，谓语单数指代可数名词时，谓语单数/复数形式-Is there any milk in t
7、he cup?-No,there is none.None of them has /have arrived.表示成双成套的名词，如：trousers,shoes,glasses,compasses 等作主语时，谓语复数。My glasses were broken.His trousers are dirty.They need washing.(注意)：如果这类词被 a pair/two pairs 修饰，谓语动词要和 pair 的形式保持一致。This pair of compasses was made in Beijing.Five pairs of shoes have been
8、 sold out in the morning.在主语和谓语倒装的句子中，动词的数应和它后面主语的数一致。There comes the bus.Such were his words.中考链接：Both you and I an English film before.A.is seeing B.are seeingC.have seen D.has seen知识 2：意义一致原则意义一致又叫概念一致，即谓语动词是单数还是负数要看主语所表达的概念。主语表示事物的总称，若指有生命的集合体，如：people,police,cattle(家畜)，poultry(家禽)等，则谓语动词用复数形式。T
9、he police are looking for the missing child.He doesnt care what people think of him.(注意)：police 与 policeman 的区别“police”作主语时，指有生命的集合体，是复数形式，谓语复数3“policeman”作主语时，指个体，是单数名词，谓语单数The policeman is 38 years old.The police are looking for the murderer.主语表示事物的总称，若指无生命的集合体，如：clothing,fruit,equipment,traffic,j
10、ewellery 等，则谓语动词单数。Our warm clothing protects us against the cold.There isnt any traffic on the road at the moment.主语为集体名词，如 family,team,crowd,company,class,group,government等，若表示整体概念，其谓语动词单数；若表示集体中的成员，其谓语复数。My family is a small one with three people.My family all like classical music.(注意)：1） “the+姓氏
11、复数”作主语“the+姓氏复数 ”表示“一家”或“夫妇”在句中作主语，谓语复数The Blacks enjoy working in China.2)population 作主语时Population 表示“人口” ，即一个国家或地区的居民数时，作主语 ，谓语单数当 population 前有分数/百分数时，即指一个国家或地区的全体居民，作主语，谓语单数/复数The population of Canada is 29 million.Just under a third of the population now are smoking.maths,physics 等单数概念、复数形式的名词
12、作主语时，谓语单数。常见的抽象名词（如：news）,学科名词（如： maths,physics）,专有名词（如：James,the United States）,游戏、运动名词（如：billiards 台球）等。而clothes,goods,works(作品 )，the Olympic Games 等几个词或短语作主语时，谓语复数。The United States was founded in 1776.Physics is very interesting.We all like it.The expensive clothes were made specially for the be
13、autiful prindcess.Goods in the store have been sold out at a very low price.His works are translated into so many languages that you can find them in many bookshops easily.“the+形容词 ”作主语若表示一类人，谓语复数若表示一种抽象概念/品质，谓语 单数The rich are not always happy.4The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.表示时间、长度、价格、质量
14、等的短语作主语时，应将他们看作一个整体，即使其中的名词为复数形式，谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。Three years has already passed quickly.Fifty yuan is enough.由 and 连接的两个名词作主语，如果指同一概念（即 and 后无冠词）时，谓语动词单数The singer and dancer has been invited to the party.“each/every/no+名词+and+each/every/no+名词”作主语时，谓语单数Each boy and each girl wants to have a good job i
15、n the future.中考链接：I dont think the poor poor.A.are always B.is always C.always be 知识 3：就近一致原则有时谓语动词的形式与主语并不一致，却与邻近它的名词一致，这种原则叫就近原则。由 eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut （also）.,notbut或 or连接两个并列主语时，谓语的单复数与并列主语中相“临近”的那一部分保持一致。Neither her sisters nor Marry is going to the party tomorrow.Not only my parents
16、 but also I am looking forward to meeting my uncle.there be和 here be这两个句式中的动词 be 遵循就近原则。There is an apple and three bananas in Toms bag.中考连接：Either Mary or he going to Paris.Only one person may go there.A.are B.is C.was二、同步精练( )1. Neither of the girls _from England. They are Germans.A) are B) is C)
17、arent D) isnt( )2. Neither he nor I _able to pass the exam.A) are B) is C) am D) be( )3.Mr. Brown, together with his two children,_ having a picnic this time yesterday.A) is B) are C) was D) were( )4. Not only his parents but also his teacher _Tom for his good job.A) has praised B) have praised C) a
18、re praised D) is praised( )5. Two and a half years _since I came to Shanghai.A) have passed B) has passed C) were D) was past( )6. The number of the people _growing all the time.A) is B) are C) was D) were5( )7. A large number of tourists _ to visit Shanghai every year.A) come B) comes C) came D) wi
19、ll come( )8. There _a lot of rain there every year.A) have B) are C) has D) is ( )9.The Greens _the Great Wall twice.A) have gone to B) has been to C) have been to D) has gone( )10. _this pair of shoes yours?A) Does B) Are C) Do D) Is( )11. The singer and dancer _ in Beijing.A) is B) are C) was D) w
20、ere( )12. A great deal of time _to translate the whole book into English.A) are needed B) is need C) need D) needs( )13. There _nothing in the room.A) have B) has C) are D) is( )14. Bread and butter _his usual breakfast.A) is B) are C) was D) has( )15.The boy with his dog _walking along the path.A)
21、is B) are C) have D) has( )16. One fifth of the students in our school _basketball.A) like play B) likes play C) like playing D) likes playing( )17.The police_ for a robber these days.A) is searching B) was searchingC) are searching D) were searching( )18. There _a pen, a rule and three pencils in t
22、he pencil-box.A) be B) are C) has D) is( )19. The teacher as well as the students _disappointed at the result of the match.A) have been B) has C) were D) was( )20. Nobody but Tim and Bill _in the playground at that timeA) is B) are C) was D) were( )21. Either my mother or I _at home.A) am B) is C) a
23、re D) be( )22. Both Kate and I _ready for the picnic now.A) is not B) is getting C) are getting D) am getting( )23. Everyone except Tom and John _there when the meeting began.A) is B) was C) are D) were( )24. The teacher with some students _ planting trees.A) is B) are C) has D) have( )25. None of us _ read the story, so we know nothing about itA) is B) are C) hasnt D) have 同步精练：1.B 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.D 11.A 12.B13.D 14.B 15.A 16.C 17.C 18.D 19.D 20.C 21.A 22.C 23.B 24.A 25.D
