1、- 1 -十一阅读理解【母题来源一】 【2016全国新课标 I】【母题原题】【2016全国新课标 I】CI am peter Hodes ,a volunteer stem courier. Since March 2012, Ive done 89 trips of those , 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells（干细胞）in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last, in all, from the ti
2、me the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, weve got 72 hours at most, So I am always conscious of time. I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America. I picked up the stem cells in Providence, Rhode Island, and was mean
3、t to fly to Washington then back to London. But when I arrived at the check-in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said: “Well, Im really sorry, Ive got some bad news for you-there are no fights from Washington.” So I took my box and put it on the desk and I said: “In this box are some stem cel
4、ls that are urgently needed for a patient-please, please, youve got to get me back to the United Kingdom.” She just dropped everything. She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for mere-routed(改道)me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled.For this
5、 courier job, youre consciously aware than that box youre got something that is potentially going to save somebodys life.29.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph17A provider B delivery man C collector D medical doctor30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip
6、 within 42hours?A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.B. The donor can only wait for that long.C. The operation needs that very much.- 2 -D. The ice wont last any longer.31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?A. To London B. To NewarkC. To Providence D. To Washington【答案】29-31.B D.B【
7、技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 2.根据同位关系进行猜测 3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测 4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。30. D 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 I have 42 hours to carry stem cells in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and thats how long they last.可知冰盒只能保持 42 小时适宜的温度。故选D 。31.B 细节理解题。根据第二段末句 She arr
8、anged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me, re-routed me through Newark 可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去 Newark 的航班。故选 B。考点：故事类短文阅读 【母题来源二】 【2016北京】【母题原题】【2016北京】BSurviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach,
9、 Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Broo
10、klyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.- 3 -When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged
11、that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flight
12、s of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with
13、 donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; C
14、harlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still
15、seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found_.A.some fr
16、iends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuildB.The people trapped in high_rise buildingC.The volunteers donating money to sur
17、vivors- 4 -D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people61.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to the kidsB.She took care of younger childrenC. She called on the White House to helpD.She built an information sharing platform62.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little
18、 people can make a big differenceB.A friend in need is a friend indeedC.East or West,home is bestD.Technology is power【答案】59.B60.A61.D62.A【解析】试题分析：Natalie 是一个 14 岁的孩子，她生活的地方 Brooklyn 遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie 也加入了进去， Natalie 创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie 的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。59.B 段落大意题。A 项未提
19、及；根据第三段“Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去 Brooklyn 上学，排除 C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除 D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选 B。60.A 细节理解题。
20、根据第四段 “In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.”可知，那些帮助 Rockaway 恢复重建的人给了 Natalie 鼓舞，故选 A。- 5 -考点：人物故事类短文阅读。 【名师点睛】故事类文章是高考阅读理解常选材料之一。这类文章常通过叙述突出人物性格特征或讲述个人经历与感悟，以及逸闻趣事。文章的要素有时间、地点、人物、事件等。有些是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。解题技巧：1、高考选用的此类
21、文章常常为幽默类或情感类故事，其目的或阐明某种观点，或抨击某种陋习，或赞扬某种品德，所以要关注作者表达的个人感悟，提出的个人意见，或故事中出其不意的变化，而这些往往体现文章中心或写作意图，属于必考点。如本题中的第 62 题：通过 Natalie 帮助他人的行为告诉读者小人物也可以有大作为这一道理。2、该类文章语言流畅、有趣，命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。这类文章同学们常有文章易懂，题目不易做的感觉。要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上停留太久，耽误时间。3、对整篇短文内容有了
22、一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。【命题意图】阅读理解从能力的角度来讲，考查学生运用英语的能力，具体地说，就是通过阅读有关文章提取有用信息的能力。【考试方向】阅读理解所选的语段包括叙述文、说明文、应用文和议论文，继续保持了体裁的多样化特点。选材多源于英文报刊和网络媒体，包括广告应用文、日常生活、新闻报道、社会背景、政治经济、科普文章等各个方面的知识，并且具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点和浓厚的时代气息。
23、综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念；从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。【得分要点】从解题方法的角度讲，根据不同的题材和体裁，结合阅读的题型特点，采用不同的阅读方法，但不论怎样，理解文章的内容的前提。从题型的角度看，阅读题型主要- 6 -有、细节理解型、主旨大意型、词义猜测型、推理判断型、篇章结构型、细节理解型。【母题 1】【吉林省松原市油田高中 2016 届高三上学期第三次模拟】I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was kn
24、own. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help. After all, I was a teenage girl, and I couldnt bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads. Coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to sto
25、p rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something. “Im awfully sorry,” I said and stepped forward only to run in
26、to it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off.
27、No one else was there and I had to guess if the bus had arrived.Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swal
28、low my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.But at this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a
29、fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.24. The girl refused to ask for help because she thought_.A. she might be recognizedB. asking for help looked sillyC. she was normal and independentD
30、. being found blind was embarrassing25. After the girl got off the bus that evening, she_.A. began to run- 7 -B. hit a person as usualC. hit a lamppost by accidentD. was caught by something26. What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?A. Other vehicles also stopped there.B. It wa
31、s unreliable for making judgments.C. More lorries than buses responded to the girl.D. It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.27. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping_.A. to find people thereB. to find more buses thereC. to find the bus by herself thereD. to find peo
32、ple more helpful there【答案】 24D25C26B27A25. C 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost.可知那天晚上我撞上了电线杆，而且撞了三次。故 C 正确。26. B 推理判断题。根据第三段前两句 Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sou
33、nd. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away.可知我根据声音来判断开来的车是不是公交车，但是我经常会拦错车，会感觉很糟糕。也就是说根据声音做判断有时会出错，是不值得信赖的。故 B 正- 8 -确。27. A 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段首尾句 But at this particular evening no one joined me at the stop 和 Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop
34、.可知我在车站等了很长时间，但是一直没有人来。我不得不步行到下一个站，希望那里有人能帮助我拦车。故 A 正确。【名师点睛】记叙文答题技巧 ：一把钥匙开一把锁。要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。一：顺藤摸瓜。 记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。 二：左顾右盼。 在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时
35、我们需要认真研究问题，抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。 三：刨根问底。 如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred from ?”或是 What does the author imply in?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文后去查找，
36、在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。 - 9 -考点：考查记叙文阅读【母题 2】【广东省华南师范大学附属中学、广东实验中学、深圳中学、广雅中学四校 2016 届高三上学期期末联考】On May 28th, 1998 I was driving my 13-year-old daughter and 14-year-old son to school. Unfortunately my car crashed with a truck. All three of us were critically injured. Staceys brain injury
37、 was the most severe. Despite all attempts to save her, she died two days later. When I became conscious, I heard my husband talking to the organ donor coordinator（器官捐助协调员）.We knew that Stacey would want that because thats the kind of person she was. She always wanted to assist people. She was alway
38、s smiling and brought so much joy to others. She was friendly and enjoyed writing stories and poetry.It has been a comfort to know that Stacey lives on in the lives of others. I have even met the family of one of Staceys kidney recipients (接受人). This little girl was 6 years old at the time of the tr
39、ansplant. She was suffering from Nephrotic Syndrome. I saw pictures showing the effects of the Nephrotic Syndrome and the pictures of her after the transplant. They already showed an amazing difference. We correspond every year through letters, cards and pictures. The girl is doing really well at sc
40、hool and will be graduating from high school next year. I am so grateful that we have this relationship. I also feel relieved that my daughter has made so great a difference to a persons life.Over the years, I have had some kind of contact with all of the recipients except the heart recipient. Im ve
41、ry sorry for that. I would love to hear something from the heart recipients family. There are so many things that I wonder about her. I wonder if she is anything like Stacey. Does she smile all the time? Does she enjoy writing stories and poetry? I do hope that they can contact us!- 10 -I feel guilt
42、y because I was the one driving in the accident which caused Staceys death. I also feel proud that my daughter has helped so many people.4. When did Stacey die from the traffic accident?A. On May 28th, 1998 B. On May 29th, 1998C. On May 31st, 1998 D. On May 30th, 19985. What does the underlined word
43、 “They” refers to?A. The pictures taken after the transplant. B. The people who received the organs of Stacey.C. The people who cared for the girl in the hospital.D. The pictures showing the effects of the Nephrotic Syndrome.6. What is the writers attitude towards her daughters organ donation?A. Gra
44、teful B. Dissatisfied C. Proud D. Guilty7. What has the writer been looking forward to doing?A. Contacting the kidney recipients family. B. Visiting kidney recipients family. C. Getting paid from the heart family.D. Seeing the heart recipient.【答案】4D5A6C7D【解析】5.A 猜测词意题。根据上句：I saw pictures showing the
45、 effects of the Nephrotic Syndrome and - 11 -the pictures of her after the transplant.我看到了一些图片显示了 the Nephrotic Syndrome 对人的影响，也看到了一些器官移植以后的图片，这些图片很清楚地显示了移植前后的差异。所以本句 They already showed an amazing difference.中的 they 就是指器官移植以后的图片。故 A正确。6.C 态度观点题。根据文章最后依旧 I also feel proud that my daughter has helped
46、 so many people.可知作者对于女儿的器官可以帮助到别人很自豪。所以 C 项正确。7. D 推理判断题。根据第四段最后三句 Does she smile all the time? Does she enjoy writing stories and poetry? I do hope that they can contact us!可知作者一直很期待着见到女儿心脏移植的接受者，想知道对方的情况。故 D 正确。【名师点睛】阅读理解题中经常会有一些考查作者观点态度的形容词。如本文，在平时要积累一些表示作者观点态度的形容词，如：1积极：approving 赞许的，,optimisti
47、c 乐观的, sympathetic 同情的, consent 赞成2 消极：negative 否定的，消极的，反面的 ,pessimistic 悲观的,apprehensive 忧虑的，reserved 有保留的，内向的，arbitrary 武断的, biased 有偏见的，偏心的, partial 不公平的, critical 持批评态度的, depressing 令人沮丧的，disappointing 令人失望的, doubtful 怀疑的， object 反对, be opposed to/opposing 反对的, scared 惊恐的，panick 恐慌, sensitive 敏感
48、的，subjective 主观的, suspicious 怀疑的3中性：objective 客观的,impartial 公平的, unbiased 公正的4. 情绪：anger 愤怒, indignant 愤怒的, happy 高兴的, contempt 轻视, gloomy 沮丧的5其它： surprised 惊奇的, amazed 惊奇的, puzzled 迷惑的, ambiguous 模棱两可的, neutral 中立的,indifferent 漠不关心的, subjective 主观的6对态度的修饰词：reserved 有保留的, cautiously 谨慎地, enthusiastic 热烈的, strong 强烈的, radical 激进的考点：考查记叙文阅读
