1、小学美术教育未来趋势透视（Primary school art education, future trends, perspective）In recent years, with the development of Chinas modernization drive, with the development of Chinas education, especially the basic education, primary school art education has also made remarkable progress. In art, for example, th
2、is progress is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) the concept of art is more complete and more substantial. Art is no longer considered merely “painting“, but is regarded as a broad aesthetic education which integrates painting skills, artistic creation, appreciation, criticism and art
3、history. The aim of this kind of education is to emphasize the basic aesthetic quality of the citizens in the future, not the early training of a few skilled artists. The teachers specialization (i.e., at the same time with higher art and education level) and basic quality is greatly improved; (Art
4、Textbooks and teaching reference book) covers the surface to expand, internal system of skills and knowledge is enhanced, and give full consideration to the age characteristics of childrens intelligence development. This kind of teaching is not only popular among students, but also can be said that
5、children are now much more educated in art education than their parents, and they are much more healthy. The development and progress of this kind of education is also worthy of full affirmation.But education, especially in todays China, should be fully forward-looking. It is not only the product of
6、 the modern society, but also should be one of the motive forces for the self-renewal of the modern society. Compared with today, in the face of the Chinese society in twenty-first Century, there will certainly be tremendous changes, and Chinas basic education will certainly continue to reform and e
7、xplore, art education, of course, is no exception. Then, what will the trend of art education reform be? Let us make a point of deduction or perspective to meet the new century, new challenges and new changes more consciously.We believe that in our future primary school art education, “performance“
8、will gradually be taken seriously. This is not to say the painting teaching of “expressionist“ works, genres, skills and methods of the introduction will occupy a certain proportion, students “performance“ ability will be trained, and it is said in the course of teaching some basic concepts and meth
9、ods, the focus will change obviously.By “performance“, we mean the means or method of expressing personal intention, emotion, feeling and thought process by means of various artistic forms. As a kind of psychological mechanism, “performance“ may be innate, but as a symbol of the way, although it is
10、also a means of art, the heart is “invisible“ impulsive, emotional experience, attitude, evaluation and even into an external, visible image, symbol or symbols, more difficult to surface features than the “realistic“ depicts is external, tangible things or objects, but also more important (it is in
11、this sense, it is believed that music is more “performance“). That is, we do not like some extreme art schools that want to replace the previous declaration, all the art practice and techniques in some concepts and techniques, we also pay attention to the style and techniques of realism, we do not a
12、dvocate people in between the two of this being their choice, but we believe. “ with more significance and bring along with the development of history as a daily, even more general expression.What is the basis for this expectation? We think of the problem there are several levels: first, the twenty-
13、first Century China society will undoubtedly enter the stage of modernization and modernization, has its unique properties and morphology; secondly, modern China will put forward corresponding requirements for the basic education; and then gradually increase the significance of “primary school art e
14、ducation“ factors on the basis of education. We shall discuss these aspects in turn.TwoModernization was the long-term ideal and direction of the Chinese people. As for modernization, there are many similar, similar or different views and hopes. We wish to point out that, from the current strategy o
15、f “sustainable development“ and the development plan in 2010, we can clearly feel the rational transformation of the concept of modernization. In the formulation of the “four modernizations“, people focused on the wide application of science and technology and the great development of material produ
16、ction means. In many peoples understanding that modern society is equivalent to the ideal society, this view is obviously not practical. As for modernization, the following points may be important.First, in fact, modernization is only a historical category. I am afraid that all ethnic groups in huma
17、n society should go through a specific historical stage. At this time, science and technology have made great progress, but at the same time, people will experience the process of industrialization, urbanization and marketization more closely, and experience the changes of the whole mode of producti
18、on and life style. At this time, not only the size of the enterprise, equipment is expanding and updating,Its entire management, marketing, and distribution patterns must be modernized. With the improvement of social affluence, peoples consumption patterns and consumption concepts change with each p
19、assing day. In the process of modernization, the process of democratization and legalization of society is imperative.Modernization will not only bring happiness to people, but also bring problems and even disasters to the modern people. No matter in which country or nation, the transition from the
20、modern society to the modern society is not realized under ideal conditions, even on the basis of self-consciousness. Once the social and economic development and the rapid start kept a high speed and the new order of a sudden and difficult to build, will face a variety of complex problems in social
21、 production and the rapid expansion of the scale, natural resources and environment may be destroyed; in the total social wealth increase at the same time, the distribution of the difference is also increasing. Even when the wealth of a society increases rapidly, social, environmental and social rel
22、ations do not necessarily improve rapidly.Second, the modern society, on the one hand, has brought unprecedented liberation to the individual. Ways to cut the blood relationship with social or geographical society, due to the application of the development of industry and high technology, youth empl
23、oyment is also less able to rely on a variety of social relations is obtained easily, the requirement of enterprise with higher professional skills and higher degree of “white collar“ and “blue collar“ workers. In this sense, modern society respects individual talent, not his life experience.On the
24、other hand, modern society is also realized in the competition increasingly strengthened under the situation, not only depends on many person alone to face, to control, and is bound to enhance the sense of personal pressure, for each person, he not only face more luck and opportunity, is also facing
25、 more risks and challenges, which are he has a stronger ability and special ability, and these are not immediately available.Third, since nineteenth Century, especially since the late twentieth Century and early nineteenth Century, various postmodern theories have emerged in Western society. “It is
26、for future industrialization, city and marketization of modern western social criticism, criticism, accusation and correction of the intention of actually postmodern“ voice of expression; for people (here refers to individual) in the new historical conditions again “dehumanization“ protests; of huma
27、n ideals and universal value the tenacious pursuit. These theories or opinions also provide useful lessons for the modernization process of our developing (or later) country.Fourth, the domestic theory circle has been noticed, the modernization of Chinese different process to the western modernizati
28、on process, is that she caught the construction of material civilization at the same time, pay attention to the construction of spiritual civilization, only to realize this point, Chinese modernization is their “special“ and creative, and also it is workable. Although Chinas society is still in the
29、process of “modernization“, the exchanges and connections between countries are never as close as they are today. In such exchanges and contacts, China can not only achieve its social goals, but also create a more harmonious future with the people of the world.The above-mentioned meanings of the con
30、cept of modernization should not be neglected when we think about the corresponding problems of Chinas basic education and its reform and development trend of art education in twenty-first Century.ThreeModern education is a product of modern society in a certain sense, it is really in the cultivatio
31、n of high quality, a large number of talents for the modern society, showing a strong function in knowledge and skills training; it is also in the West in the process of modernization, education philosophy, education and psychology theory and teaching reform the program just emerged, which greatly c
32、hanged the traditional school and peoples understanding of education. But, in contrast, the special advantage of modern education lies in the classification of vocational training, but to a considerable extent, it ignores the integrity of human and the spirit of humanity. Therefore, when people have
33、 a new introspection on “modernization“, should not they correspondingly require education to make proper adjustments, and even require education to arrange for the prevention or prevention of the ills of modern society?High efficiency of modern school education is not only education and teaching sk
34、ills to bring, but also the needs of modern society, namely the market demand and competitive incentives out, characteristics, so it may have short-term behavior so that it trained people may be one-sided development. From the actual situation of our country, why society just post-modern society to
35、modern social transformation, education aiming exam, one-sided tendency, pursuit of education pay attention to “major“ achievement is very serious,And difficult to correct it? The reason is probably in addition to people (educators and parents) for the modernization of the lack of a comprehensive un
36、derstanding and the understanding of the history, there is a reason that traditional Chinese on education design more is society oriented, more emphasizes the cultivation of talents for the society; value orientation of “talent“ has been more than the “adult“ attention. Obviously, we have encountere
37、d such a situation: as a result of the traditional social position, modern society and its education still do not automatically focus on educating people“.Indeed, after the Western Renaissance and the industrial revolution, although brought freedom to the people to a certain extent, but not for the
38、liberation of the “natural person“ with sufficient education, in those who flaunt the civilized society and foreign relations have emerged more barbarous than “primitive society“ the phenomenon of. Now, some of the “postmodern“ thinkers in the West want to do what they are doing to save western civi
39、lization, and part of that effort will also begin in the field of education. But for us as a nation to the modern work of joint and its modernization and education, we need to “educating people“ on the issue of more attention, full forward, new initiatives, rather than follow the old path and Wester
40、n education.Specific to the school education, we believe that the most important thing is to emphasize that the goal is to develop a complete and healthy personality. Personality, philosophers, sociologists, educators, psychologists have different definitions and opinions, and there are great differ
41、ences between them. The personality we speak here has several meanings: first, it is a “bit“ or “grid“ that is relatively independent of society and others. It has its own definite boundaries and different sides. In social reality and development, this “position“ can be expressed as economic status,
42、 social status, etc., and can also be expressed as personal dignity, behavior patterns and ethical attitudes. Relative to the human body, it is the sum of all aspects of human beings, and the external behavior and manifestations of the relative person, it is a relatively stable motivation and norm.
43、Personality itself is a constantly evolving and changing structure composed of various psychological and cultural elements, whose core is human life and creative needs and drives. The development and change of personality depends not only on his activities, his interaction with society and others, b
44、ut also on his self-consciousness. Compared with others, it shows different personality differences. This is mainly due to the differences of structural elements in relation and degree of development.There is of course the personality of the specific content, and this content in the history or diffe
45、rent life is always changing and developing, everyone is self shaping personality of their life mission, so we emphasize in the primary and middle school in the cultivation of personality refers only to children and adolescents with integrity, personality structure and development preliminary shapin
46、g of consciousness, care and arrangement. We hope the children when adults, enter the society, have the basic personality structure, they not only have the skills and knowledge needed in the modern society, have a certain understanding of society, history, civilization, also have a better understand
47、ing of the self and its future development direction and the social reality and others health attitude. So they can better play their creativity in the society; the construction of facing all sorts of social reality and interpersonal communication; not only in success but also to guard against arrog
48、ance and rashness, firm and indomitable in the face of adversity. In this way, the development and progress of society may be accomplished at the same time as human development, rather than a considerable amount of human cost.The current education thoughts have noticed the importance of moral educat
49、ion, and hope to use the essence of the traditional moral ideas to nurture a new generation of character and spiritual, but should be aware of is that todays moral education must be established only in the complete personality on the basis of real modernization; it may also be China the characteristics of the. No matter what kind of moral standards and norms must be a rational ideal, choice and judgment, has the vitality and compassion of the subject to follow, so people will be “self-discipline“, the standard itself is “moral“. In other words, real “all round development“ is not
