1、美学填空,简答论述（Simple discussion of aesthetics and fill in the blanks.）CompletionA name, aesthetics, is by German philosopher Baum _ garden _ first raised in 1750.Two, Platon believes that beauty is the concept of _ _.Three, the aesthetic is fundamentally a _ people _ aesthetic value of the subject._ Eng
2、els _ proposed tragedy is “the historical necessity and the requirements of this fact can not be achieved between the tragic conflict“.Five, Hagel believes that beauty is the perceptual manifestation of idea _.Six, Platon in ancient Greece “Daxibiya“ first put forward the proposition of “beauty itse
3、lf“.Seven, Wang Guowei is the pioneer of Chinese modern aesthetics. He uses Schopenhauers aesthetic thought to interpret the dream of the Red Mansion and writes the review of the dream of the red mansion.Eight, for the question of aesthetic origin, Schiller first put forward the theory of “game“.Nin
4、e, “beauty is life“ said the author is _ chemychevsky _.Ten, ancient Rome Horace on literary function, put forward the famous _ with _ principle.Noun interpretation1. Aesthetics: aesthetics is a humanistic discipline concerning the aesthetic value of human beings. It should study the unique aestheti
5、c activities and aesthetic phenomena of human beings.2. labor theory: a theory about the origin of aesthetics. Marx holds this view. Concretely speaking, the viewpoints contained include: social practice creates beauty, and beauty is the objectification of human essential power. The aesthetic concep
6、t of man is adapted to the material life style and determined by the material life style. Primitive art activities evolved from primitive labor, aesthetic activities are to express the joy of labor, and the main content of aesthetic activities is labor life.3. culture: broad sense refers to the sum
7、of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in social and historical practice. Narrow sense refers to the ideology of society and its corresponding system and organization. As an ideology culture, it is the reflection of politics and economy of a certain society, and also acts on
8、 the politics and economy of a certain society. With the emergence and development of the nation, culture is of national character. Each kind of social form has its corresponding culture, each kind of culture develops along with the social material production. The continuity of the development of so
9、cial material production determines that the development of culture also has continuity and historical inheritance.4. artistic beauty: artistic beauty refers to the aesthetic object existing in the form of artistic works. It is the object created by mankind for the purpose of aesthetics. Artistic be
10、auty is the highest form of aesthetics, with non utilitarian nature. Its archetypes are myths, legends and witchcraft rituals. It is transformed into art in civilized times.5. a theory of witchcraft that art originated from primitive peoples. Has the dual significance of witchcraft activities create
11、d art, atmosphere and mood it can increase the effect of witchcraft and the image lifelike, but also makes the appearance of this kind of imitation creation and emotional colors will bring people a real illusion, which lead to a sense of pleasure, the final conversion and the aesthetic pleasure this
12、 is, image and emotion in witchcraft activities this source from a practical and utilitarian purpose, have independent significance, is no longer the art of witchcraft, but. However, if the basic reason for the art of witchcraft is inappropriate, some scholars have shown that not all primitive art i
13、s related to witchcraft.6. noble: a kind of aesthetic category. In Europe, the first mention of the sublime is the first Century era of ancient Rome Langjinuosi “on the sublime“, in the history of western aesthetics first distinguish the sublime and beauty, is a British Bork, later, Kant in the “cri
14、tique of judgment“ to do a comprehensive analysis. Noble mainly refers to the object to its rough, broad emotional attitude, the material and spiritual force strong, magnificent momentum, give people a spiritual shock, which is strongly encouraged and agitation,Arouse peoples admiration and admirati
15、on, so as to promote and expand the spiritual realm of adults. On the aesthetic object, noble has powerful force, form and style form of state performance in personality and moral behavior, the nature of things, works of art; aesthetic experience, it makes the main shock, with a solemn sense or sens
16、e of awe, even with some degree of fear or pain.7., absurd: in the alienation of modern people and the world and alienation reached a certain extent after the conscious of an aesthetic category. As an aesthetic form, the aesthetic features: grotesque form, aesthetic images, symbolic, horror, helples
17、sness, despair, including psychological characteristics such as psychological feelings cant help laughing. Its realistic basis and realistic content show the alienation of modern society and the despair of alienation, and the helplessness of self helplessness. In the sense of existence, it realized
18、the negation of the existing world in a fundamental and doubtful position, and at the same time expressed the pursuit of the meaning of existence from the opposite side.8. works of Art: art is a kind of aesthetic spirit product in artificial products. It conveys the aesthetic experience of human bei
19、ngs by creating unreal image world.9. the humanization of nature: the humanization of nature, as a historical process, contains the fundamental change of labor caused by the relationship between man and nature, working through the process of nature, make their own brand of people playing field.10. n
20、atural beauty: natural beauty is the beauty of natural objects and natural phenomena. Natural beauty is the beauty of people, reflect the beauty of life.11.: the United States is relatively uniform and beautiful balance of contradictions, characteristics in the form of expression is gentle, harmonio
21、us, quiet and elegant beauty to aesthetic feeling in a relaxed, pleasant and refreshing.12.: empathy is one of the largest schools influence of western modern aesthetics, is the most representative of a theory of psychology and aesthetics in the schools, that empathy is the emotional things outside
22、to shoot up, make it become the attributes of things, I reach the same level. It captures the active and active features of the aesthetic subject, and the defect is the denial of the objectivity of the aesthetic object.13.: aesthetic education is also called aesthetic education and aesthetic educati
23、on, its mission is to improve and cultivate people appreciation of the real world and the literature and art and creative ability, edify sentiment, improve peoples living interest, make people more noble, positive, to the healthy growth in the thoughts and feelings.14. comedy: rooted in the real lif
24、e of contradictions and conflicts, is in the wrong, perverse and contradictory form to show the nature of life.Discrimination questions:1, aesthetics is the art of thinking in a beautiful way, and it is the theory of beautiful art.This view is one-sided, although the aesthetic research field include
25、s art, but not equivalent to art theory, in addition, the object of aesthetic research includes social beauty and natural beauty.2, beauty is life.This one-sided point of view, although the art comes from life, life more vivid than artistic beauty, but the beauty of art is the reflection of life act
26、ivity, is a product of creative artists, more focused, more life than typical, so art above life.3, the beauty of nature lies in the natural thing itself, and is the inherent attribute of the natural thing itself.This view is one-sided, and natural beauty is the unity of sociality and nature, and th
27、e root of natural beauty lies in practice. From the formation of natural beauty, it does not depend on the perceptual form of nature itself, but depends on the objective relation between nature and life in practice.4. Appreciation is the ability to judge an object or an image without any interest, p
28、leasure, or displeasure.This view is one-sided, although the appreciation is not directly utilitarian, but it is potentially utilitarian.5, the object of aesthetics is the study of beauty.This view is one-sided. Aesthetics not only studies beauty, but also studies ugliness relative to beauty, and ot
29、her aesthetic categories, such as sublime and tragic comedy.The thrill of beauty is a free pleasure without any utility.6, this view is one-sided, although the pleasure of the United States does not produce direct utilitarian, but it has latent utility.Tragedy has a sense of sublimity.7, this view i
30、s correct, tragedy is a noble concentration of form, is a noble beauty.Aesthetics is the philosophy of beauty and art.8, this view is one-sided, and the object of aesthetic research is not only art, but also natural beauty and social beauty.As the saying goes, “in the eyes of the beholder, beauty,“
31、we can see that the root of beauty lies in peoples subjective feelings.9, this view is one-sided, the aesthetic sense not only has individual difference, but also has the general social generality, and the root of aesthetic feeling lies in practice.Questions and answers1, briefly describe the relati
32、onship between personality and generality.Answer: the personality of aesthetic feeling is represented by the difference of times, national difference and class difference. But at the same time, the sense of beauty is universal, and people are living in certain social relations. They must have the un
33、iversal content of historical society. Therefore, in the personality of beauty, they will show the universality of society, that is, commonness. Commonness lies in individuality, individuality shows commonness, and the two are dialectical unity.2, briefly explain the difference and relation between
34、aesthetic emotion and physiological pleasure.Answer: physiological pleasure is only the comfort and pleasure that material meets the needs of physiological senses, and lacks the content and spiritual things of rational cognition. Beauty is not the satisfaction of physical desires, but the satisfacti
35、on of spiritual aesthetic needs. Physical pleasure is not beauty, but beauty it contains physical pleasure but not by restricted physical pleasure, limitations can go beyond the physical pleasure, to achieve the essence of beauty appreciation and understanding, the spirit of the feelings of pleasure
36、 and aesthetic enjoyment.3, a brief description of the relationship between beauty and good.Answer: the two links: the premise of kindness. The difference between the two: from a utilitarian perspective, good direct and utilitarian contact, and beauty and utility is a kind of indirect contact; from
37、the relationship between the content and form of view, although there is good form, but is not the main form of speaking, while the United States pay more attention to the form; good is the object of volition, and the United States is the view of the object.4. Why does labor create beauty?Answer: fi
38、rst of all, labor created the aesthetic sense of the human; secondly, the content and form of beauty are produced in the process of labor; finally, people play according to the laws of beauty and create beauty in labor.5, brief analysis of “beauty“ is the objectification of human essential power“.An
39、swer: in the relationship between man and nature, people in the nature selection object, found objects, their whole lifes essential strength in the perfusion, live up to become their own self realization and self creation, then it creates a “object“. Therefore, objectification is the transformation
40、of people into objects, and then shows them from the objects, and makes the objects become their own works. The objects become the manifestations and corroboration of themselves.6, a brief description of the duality of art.Answer: certainty. First of all, any kind of art is made up of a certain mate
41、rial. Secondly, on the level of experience, the basic experience structure is stable. Indeterminacy. Mainly caused by the functional structure of art. The aesthetic object should enter the field of human experience, which is caused by the subjective difference, variability and openness of the experi
42、ence.7, a brief description of the comedy “laugh“ features.Answer: the comedy of laughter is the psychological phenomenon of human beings only with social content; laugh feelings must make sense and independent judgment, incompatible with the strong feelings of hatred, must make people feel relaxed
43、and happy; smile to resonate, laughter is in a certain social circle of middle students.8, how to understand the aesthetic creation in art?Answer: aesthetic creation in art can only be found from the artists themselves. The object of artistic aesthetic creation is not isolated but out of human life,
44、 but integrates the artists choice and discovery of life, Gestalt and construction,Marked with a strong emotional imprint, and the aesthetic image stored in the brain in the form of ideas. Aesthetic creation in art has a profound human nature, rooted in the inherent aesthetic needs of the subject. A
45、esthetic creation in art, from the point of view of communication, is essentially the creation of aesthetic form.9, what are the historical objects in aesthetics and how do you view these statements? And on this basis, talk about your views.Answer: there are three versions of this problem in history
46、:The first point of view is that aesthetics is the study of art, aesthetics is the philosophy of art, represented by the German philosopher Hagel.The second view is that aesthetics is the study of “beauty“, classical aesthetics generally hold this view, because they are from the view of metaphysics,
47、 that beauty is substantial, is a kind of objective existence, so that aesthetics should be based on objective beauty as the research object, to explore the law and essence of beauty.The third view is good or aesthetic emotional experience, modern aestheticians generally hold this view, the root cau
48、se lies in the epistemological turn of modern philosophy, which is represented by Baumgarten and kant.Each of these three views has its own rationality and each has its own shortcomings. The first view is that the art is the highest form of aesthetics, so the study of art can be the most typical int
49、erpretation of the essence of aesthetics. The deficiency is that it is not comprehensive. In addition to including artistic beauty, aesthetics also includes natural beauty and life beauty. The second point of view is more comprehensive, but it has its advantages. However, the development of philosophy has long denied the substantiality and metaphysics of beauty. The correctness of the third viewpoints lies in the recognition of the subjective characteristics of aesthetics, and makes up for the defects of the second viewpoints. The shortcoming lies in the exclus
