1、交易性金融资产账务处理问题及改进（Problems and improvement of accounting treatment of trading financial assets）Improvement and problem of trading financial assets accounting2010-3-30 9:47 Frestech Zhao Haiying Shen TuFirst, the trading of financial assets accounting issuesFirst, the lack of comparability of assets v
2、aluation. In accordance with the provisions of the new standards, the initial trading financial assets amounting to the purchase price, but does not include the related transaction costs. And similar financial assets available for sale, the initial confirmation amount not only include the purchase p
3、rice, but also including the corresponding transaction cost. These two types of assets are measured at fair value, but their initial measurement of the standard amount is not the same. In fact, other assets such as fixed assets, raw materials, holding the recorded value due to investment assets are
4、included in the process of the purchase price has occurred in addition to other expenses. Before the purchase costs are not included in the commodity circulation enterprise inventory cost of goods, but the new regulations, the purchase cost is also included in the inventory cost of goods. All this s
5、hows that the initial trading financial assets and other assets to confirm the amount of the standard is not the same, the valuation of assets between different lack of comparability, but also not enough reason to justify its differences.Second, can not correctly reflect the transfer of profit and l
6、oss. The enterprise obtains the trading financial assets is mainly for the purpose of selling in the near future, get the price difference, here is the difference between the sale income minus cost of trading financial assets, but in the current accounting standards, financial assets transaction cos
7、t (i.e. initial confirmation amount) does not include the transaction cost in the process has occurred therefore, according to the provisions of the current criterion calculation of the profit or loss arising from the transfer is not accurate, resulting in the decline in the value of the relevant ac
8、counting information use.Third, do not meet the recognition criteria of fair value. According to the new criterion of the explanation, the so-called fair value refers to the even bargain, familiar with the transaction the voluntary exchange of assets or the amount of debt repayment. The author belie
9、ves that this “voluntary exchange amount“ should include two parts, the first part is the purchase price; the second part is about the tax purchase process must pay for this, and both voluntary exchange is to buy stocks and bonds when the amount of. Obviously, the transaction costs of trading financ
10、ial assets from the initial confirmation amount removed, does not meet the recognition criteria of fair value.Fourth, the holding period of inflated profits, the sale of the current profit table information chaos. In accordance with the provisions of the new guidelines, the fair value of trading fin
11、ancial assets held during the changes of the number shall be included in the profit and loss from fair value changes, and directly to profit or loss; the sale of financial assets, the number should be transferred to changes in fair value will be considered the original financial assets, included in
12、the “investment income“ and other related accounts. The above provisions, the holding period lead to inflated profits, the sale of the current profit table information chaos, easy to cause the misunderstanding of the users of accounting information.cases ofA in January 1, 2006 to 10 yuan per share f
13、rom the two market to buy B shares 500 thousand shares, in addition to pay 10 thousand yuan of transaction cost. A company will be divided into the investment of trading financial assets. In December 31, 2006, the stock price rose to 16 yuan / share, in December 31, 2007 the stock market price of 18
14、 yuan / share, March 15, 2008 A will stock to 20 yuan per share to be sold.According to the provisions of the current standards, should prepare the following entry:(1) January 1, 2006:Borrow: financial assets transaction cost: 5000000Investment income 10000Bank deposit 5010000(2) December 31, 2006Bo
15、rrow: trading financial assets, changes in fair value of 3000000Loan: changes in fair value 3000000Borrow: changes in fair value 3000000Loan: the profit for the year 3000000(3) December 31, 2007Borrow: trading financial assets, changes in fair value of 1000000Loan: changes in fair value 1000000Borro
16、w: changes in fair value 1000000Loan: the profit for the year 1000000(4) March 15, 2008Borrow: bank deposit 10000000Credit: financial assets transaction cost: 50000004000000, changes in fair valueInvestment income 1000000At the same time, return out of the changes in the fair value of financial asse
17、ts will be included in the original:Borrow: changes in fair value 4000000Loan: investment income 4000000Borrow: the profit for the year 4000000Loan: changes in fair value 4000000Assume without considering other factors, the business makes the total profit in 2008 March increased by 1 million yuan, t
18、he data are consistent with the actual economic business truth, so this current criterion seems to be no problem. But think carefully will find the profit statement in 2008 March, “investment income“ this month amounts to 5 million yuan, while the changes in the fair value of profit is 4 million yua
19、n, in March 2008 investment income amount were 3 million yuan and 1 million yuan has been reflected in the 2006 and 2007 profit table. So in 2008 March the amount of investment income in 4 million yuan to repeat the calculation; in March 2008 a company without actual changes in the fair value of the
20、 loss, the loss of 4 million yuan in the report on the changes in fair value, because investment income inflated 4 million yuan. Although the repeated calculations did not lead to profits, but the report information confusion. Chinas enterprises, especially large non-listed company, financial inform
21、ation disclosure is not standardized, not even disclose the relevant information, in such a social environment, the users of Financial Statements Analysis 2008 March report of the company, is often mistaken for trading financial assets, according to the fair value measurement of the investment real
22、estate projects in 2008 March 4 million the changes in the value of loss, enterprise foreign investment income reached 5 million yuan, which is misleading to the users of financial statements. At the same time, the fair value at the end of 2006 and the end of 2007 will not achieve the changes in inc
23、ome 3 million yuan and 1 million yuan respectively included in the current profits, does not comply with sound principles, but also cause excessive corporate dividend distribution, caused by lack of cash flows, the impact of liquidity, economic decisions ultimately affect the parties.Two, the tradin
24、g of financial assets accounting improvementThe author thinks, should take two steps: the first is the initial will have occurred in the course of the transaction costs are included in the financial assets transaction confirmation amount, which can effectively solve the above problems, the first sec
25、ond and third; second is the reform of “fair value changes in profit and loss“ account. In a market economy environment, the fair value of the financial assets transaction is changing, the balance sheet should reflect the changes in the value of the assets, liabilities, but these values change to un
26、realized gains and losses, should not be used directly as part of the profits and losses of the current period. In the United States, the unrealized gains are not part of the net profit, but as part of a comprehensive income, included in the fourth financial statements “comprehensive income statemen
27、t and statement of changes in equity owners. It is therefore suggested that the changes in fair value “to“ subject to confirm profit and loss from fair value changes, the nature of the subject from the loss to the owners equity, separately reflected in the balance sheet under the owners equity, hold
28、 changes occurred during both the design course at the end of this year does not turn “profit“, sold directly to the relevant account, which will be held for the profit and loss of profit and loss adjustment enterprises to realize the. For example, the following example is still:(1) January 1, 2006B
29、orrow: financial assets transaction cost: 5010000Bank deposit 5010000(2) in December 31, 2006, the price rose to 16 yuan.Borrow: trading financial assets, changes in fair value of 2990000Loan: to identify changes in fair value 2990000(3) in December 31, 2007, the price rose to 18 yuan / shareBorrow:
30、 trading financial assets, changes in fair value of 1000000Loan: to identify changes in fair value 1000000At the end of the trading financial assets to the equity holders of the company increased 1 million yuan over the beginning of possible changes in fair value gains accumulated 3 million 990 thou
31、sand yuan, the income is not reflected in the profit statement, will not cause made too optimistic judgment of information users.(4) March 15, 2008 saleBorrow: bank deposit 10000000Credit: financial assets transaction cost: 50100003990000, changes in fair valueInvestment income 1000000Borrow: to ide
32、ntify changes in fair value 3990000Loan: investment income 3990000For a company, the trading of financial assets purchase cost is 5 million 10 thousand yuan, the transfer price of 10 million yuan, a total profit of 4 million 990 thousand yuan, of which the changes in the fair value of 3 million 990
33、thousand yuan, transfer income 1 million yuan, both in the statements or books, information is relatively clear, will not cause the accounting information user confusion.If a company does not sell the stock in March 15, 2008 December 31, 2008, the stock price fell to 8 yuan / share, making the follo
34、wing entry:Borrow: to identify changes in fair value 5000000Credit: trading financial assets, changes in fair value of 5000000At this point, “to confirm the changes in fair value as a debit balance of 1 million 10 thousand yuan, the owners equity at the end of 2008 less than a year of 5 million yuan
35、. The users of the statement, the 2008 annual loss of 5 million yuan has been reflected in the balance sheet, but has not been reflected in the income statement, but has been able to warn the user information.The advantage is not only in the balance sheet reflects the changes in the fair value of tr
36、ading financial assets, and will not cause the accounting information users misunderstanding, and at the time of sale to fully understand the asset holding gains and losses and transfer of profit and loss, the amount of information rich, also does not violate the principle of disadvantage is steady;
37、 the process is relatively complex.The Department of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Finance 2009 year project (No. 2C0916) phase resultReference：1 Ministry of Finance: “enterprise accounting standards“ 2006, Economic Science Press 2006 edition.2 Ministry of Finance: “enterprise accounting standards - Application guide 2006“, China finance and Economics Press 2006 edition.Patrick:
