1、语法一:人称代词第一人称 第二人称 第三人称人称 代词 单数复数单数复数单数复数主格 I we you you he she it they人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them句型转化（Be 动词做谓语）肯定句：主语+be 动词否定句：主语+be 动词+not一般疑问句：be 动词+主语?物主代词I we you you he she it theymy our your your his her its their特殊疑问句：What colour is? Its red.What nationality are you? Im Chinese. Wher
2、e are you from? Im from China.Where do you come from? I come from China.Whose bag is it? Its my bag. Whats your job? Im a mechanic.Whats the weather like？ Its sunny/rainy/snowy/cloudy.Whats the climate like? Its pleasant/warm/wet/dry. 语法二：一、不可数名词定义：“抽刀断水水更流” （难以分开的一个整体，不可分割的事物）。特点：1、前面无 a/an，后无 s；2、
3、表达复数用量词修饰，量词可数；Eg. Milk-a bottle of milk-two bottles ofmilkSoap-abar of soap-three bars of soap二、some 和 any 用法相同点：表示一些，后面都可加可数名词复数或不可数名词不同点：some 常用在肯定句，但是在表示建议，反问，请求的疑问句中，或期望得到肯定回答时，多用 some 而不用 any；any 用在否定句和疑问句。三、指代用法One 指代可数名词单数Ones 指代可数名词复数Any 可指代可数名词复数或不可数名词四、句型1、Do you like？Yes, I do.Yes, I do.
4、 But I dont wantNo, I dont.2、Do you want?Yes, please.No,thank you / thanks. I dont like .五.名词复数特殊变化规则：可数名词的不规则复数变化 woman-women, man-men, tooth-teeth,deer-deer, child-children, fish-fish, foot-feet,goose-geese, sheep-sheep, ox-oxen 国人变化：中日两瑞永不变,英法荷兰 A 变 E,其他国人S 加后边.Japanese -Japanes；Englishman-Englis
5、hmen ； ChineseChinese；German Germans ； AmericanAmericans语法三一、介词in 在.里on 在.上under 在.下面beside 在. 旁边between 在两者中间among 三者或以上中间over 在.上（无接触面的垂直上方；从一端到另一端）above 在.上（无接触面的上方，不一定垂直）across 横穿、穿过 （强调从表面越过）through 穿过（强调从中间穿过） along 沿着二、There be 句型与 have got 句型1.There be 句型：定义：某地(或某时)存在有某人(或某物) 。句型结构：肯定句：There
6、 is+ 单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点There are+复数可数名词+地点否定句（be 动词后加 not）：There is not+单数可数名词或不可数名词+地点There are not+复数可数名词+地点疑问句（be 动词提前）：Is there +单数可数名词或不可数名词 +地点？Are there +复数可数名词+地点？特点：“就近原则“2.have got 句型：定义：它表示某物归某人（某物）所有，是一种所属关系。句型结构：否定句：在 have 或 has 后加 not,缩写为 havent 或 hasnt.疑问句：把 have 或 has 提前特点：主语为第三人称单数时，ha
7、ve 要变成 has。语法三：小升初小练兵1.There is a bridge _ the river. A. over B. on C. above D. below 2.They spent about ten days to go _the big desert（沙漠）.A.across B. through C. over D. along3.用 there be 或 have got 填空：1) I _ a good father and a good mother.2) _ any books in the bookcase?3) _ a picture and a clock
8、on the wall.4) She _ some dresses.5) What does Mike _?语法四 一般现在时一般现在时用法（1）表示经常性，习惯性,永久性的动作。often 经常， usually 通常，always 总是，everyday 每天， sometimes 有时（2）表示事物的状态或特征There is a scar on his forehead.（3）表示客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，等客观事实或格言，谚语等。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.注：只有在第三人称单数时用动词的“三单
9、变化”，其他用动词的原形。动词变为第三人称单数形式的变化规则：1.多数在动词后s （1）直接在动词词尾加-s.play plays like likes stay-staysask-asks work-works get-gets （2）以字母 s, x, ch, sh 或 o 结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-es.watch-watches wish-wishes fix-fixes do-doesgo-goes pass-passes（3）以“辅音字母加 - y”结尾的动词，要先变 y 为 i 再加-es.try-tries study-studies cry-cries fly-flies2.
10、不规则变化：be- is have-has一般现在时的句子转换：陈述句（肯定句）：主语加动词原形/动词第三人称单数；( 主语 + do/does.)一般疑问句：在主语前加助动词 do (you,以及复数), does（单数 she, he, it）变成问句；（Do/Does + 主语 + 动词原形.）否定句：在主语后谓语动词前加助动词 dont（I, you,以及复数), doesnt（单数 she, he, it）变成否定句，助动词后的动词要变成动词原形。（主语 + dont/doesnt + 动词原形.）例：肯定句: I like grapes.否定句: I dont like grape
11、s. 一般疑问句: Do you like grapes?肯定句：She gets up early every morning.否定句She doesnt get up early every morning.一般疑问句Does she get up early every morning?语法五 现在进行时态一、现在进行时态的含义表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。二、现在进行时各种句式的结构肯定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ingE.g. We are having a class.He is painting.She is p
12、laying.否定句： 主语 + am/is/are + V.ingE.g. We are not having a class.He is not painting.She is not playing.疑问句： Am/Is/Are + 主语 + V.ingE.g. Are you having a class？Is he painting？Is she playing？三、动词变化规则（1）“直” ： 一般情况下，直接加 ing，如：do-doing， cook-cooking， stand-standing （2） “去” ：以不发音的 e 结尾，去 e 加 ing，如：come-com
13、ing ，dance-dancing（3） “双” ： 重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加 ing，如：run-running, stop-stoppingswim-swimming, forget-forgetting双写规则：1、重读在词尾；2、闭音节（短音节）；3、单辅音字母（在一般情况下，如果某一单词是以一个辅音字母结尾，而这个辅音的前面是读长元音或双元音，就不能双写这个辅音字母。如 read-reading, think-thinking 等。）（4）“ 改” ： 改 ie 为 y，加 ing如： die-dying lie-lying 语法五 小升初小练笔一、写出下列动词的现在
14、分词：play_ run_ swim_ make_ go_ like_write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing_ dance_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now.2. Listen ！ Some girls _( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look ！They _( have) an English lesson .三、句型转换：1. They are d
15、oing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句 )_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)_ _语法六：一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：last year, yesterday 等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和 often, always 等频率副词连用。注意：发生在过去时间的动作，并已经结束。 am/is-was一、be 动词 arewere1、句式结构：肯定句：主语 + was/were + We were very tire
16、d yesterday. 我们昨天很累。否定句：主语 + wasnt/werent + I wasnt at home yesterday. 我昨天不在家。一般疑问句：-Was/were + 主语 +?-Yes,主语 + was/were.-No, 主语 + wasnt/werent.2、般现在时与一般过去时的比较（例子见下表)：一般现在时 every- 一般过去时 yesterday She goes to school everyday, But yesterday morning she went shopping.She plays football every afternoon,
17、But yesterday afternoon she played basketball.She chats with(和。聊天) her friends every evening on line,But yesterday evening she chatted with her friends on email.二、行为动词1、句子构成。肯定句： 主语 + 动词的过去式 +.I went to the zoo yesterday. 我昨天去公园了。否定句： 主语 + did not (didnt) + 动词原形 + .I didnt go to school yesterday. 我昨
18、天没去上学。一般疑问句：-Did + 主语 动词原形 .？-Yes, 主语 + did.-No, 主语 + did not(didnt)-Did you buy a book last Monday? -Yes, I did. -No, I didnt. 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + .？1) -What did you do last night? -I did my homework.2) -When did you go to the zoo? -I went to the zoo yesterday.2、动词过去式变形 ： 1） “直”一般在动词原形末尾直
19、接加上-ed。如：look-looked; work-worked; play-played2） “去 ”以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 再加-ed。如：live-lived; move-moved 3）“双”末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed 。 如：stop-stopped; drop-dropped4）“改”末尾是辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，先变 y 为 i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied; carry-carried5）“特“ 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。am/iswas arewere have/hashad do/doesdid
20、 cancould willwould shallshould swimswam singsang ringrang sitsat comecame givegave runran drinkdrank becomebecame beginbegan buybought bringbrought catchcaught thinkthought teachtaught sendsent buildbuilt gowent spendspent loselost lendlent meanmenat sweepswept feelfelt learnlearnt/learned smellsme
21、lt sleepslept putput cutcut hithit readread hurthurt letlet beatbeat costcostwritewrote riderode riserose winwon drivedrove speakspoke getgot forgetforgot choosechose sellsold wakewoke breakbroke3、标志词 yesterday 系列 yesterday morning; yesterday afternoon; yesterday eveningago 系列 a minute ago; an hour
22、ago; a day ago; a week ago; a month ago; year ago; two days ago; six years agothis 系列 this month; this weeklast 系列 last month; last yearthe.before last the week before last; the month before last语法六 小升初练习题一、请用正确动词形式填空。 1. I _ (have) an exciting party last weekend. 2. _ she _(practice) her guitar yes
23、terday? No, she _. 3. What _ Tom _ (do) on Saturday evening? He _(watch) TV and _(read) an interesting book. 4. They all _(go) to the mountains yesterday morning. 5. She _(not visit) her aunt last weekend. 二、改写句子：1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy _ _ her homework at home.2、He found some mea
24、t in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)_ he _ _ meat in the fridge?3、She stayed there for a week.（对划线部分提问）_ _ _ she _ there?4、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_ there _ orange in the cup?语法七 一般将来时1.will 含义：将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形It will rain.否定句：主语 + will not (wont) + 动词原形He
25、 wont be late for school.一般疑问句：Will + 主语 + 动词原形？-Will it snow in GZ?-Yes, it will.-No, it will not (wont).2. be going to含义：近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象表明必将发生某事，意为“打算，将要做某事“。肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形I am going to travel.He/She is going to travel.We/They/You are going to travel.否定句：主语 + be not going to +
26、动词原形I am not going to travel.He/She is not going to travel.We/They/You are not going to travel.一般疑问句：Be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? Are you going to travel?Is he/she going to travel?Are we/they/you going to travel?3、时间标志词tomorrow; tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening; next year/week/month/hour ; this afte
27、rnoon/Sunday/evening ; in the future; in + 一段时间时态小口诀:英语动作有四种：经常做，正在做，将要做和过去做。经常做用动原或三单，遇到他她它单个做改三单；要借 do 或 does 变问否，后面动词用原型。正在做用 be+动词 ing ，两个朋友不分离,be 用 am,is ,are 来代替。将要做有两种：用 will（shall）加动原或 be going to 加动原。过去做，很简单，对照经常做动词变成过去式,要借 did 变问否,后面动词用原型.语法八：（请您记住以下新概念英语一册144 课的所固定搭配短语）I beg your pardon 请
28、您在重复（说）一遍Nice to meet you（too） （我也）很高兴见到你Look at 看How do you do 你好Be careful 小心A loaf of bread 一块面包A bar of soap/chocolate 一块香皂/巧克力A bottle of 一瓶.A pound of 一磅.Half a pound of 半磅.A quarter of 四分之一.A tin of 一听.Hurry up！ 快点！Next door 隔壁Black coffee 不加牛奶的咖啡White coffee 加牛奶的咖啡Come home from school 放学回家C
29、ome home from work 下班回家In the morning 早上In the afternoon 下午In the evening 晚上At noon 中午At night 夜里At the moment 此刻Whats the time? 几点钟？Come upstairs 上楼Come downstairs 下楼Hundreds of 数以百计的On the way home 在回家的途中This morning 今天早晨This afternoon 今天下午This evening 今天晚上tonight 今天夜里Yesterday morning 昨天早晨Yesterd
30、ay afternoon 昨天下午Yesterday evening 昨天晚上Last night 昨天夜里The day before yesterday in the morning 前天早晨The day before yesterday in the afternoon 前天下午The day before yesterday in the evening 前天晚上The night before last 前天夜间A low mark 分数很底A high mark 分数很高She said to herself 她心中暗想The way to 到的走法In fashion 流行的，
31、时髦的Im afraid 我恐怕Im sure 我确信，我肯定A lot of 许多（用于肯定句）At all 丝毫、更本、一点也不Going on holiday 度假Have been to 到过All the time 一直，始终Have been to 到过Drive into 撞倒For sale 供出售、出售Have the last word 最后决定、最后才算The R.A.F. 英国皇家空军Return ticket 往返票Next door to 与相邻，在隔壁In five hourstime 在五小时之后。Go back 返回The othe day 几天前Fell d
32、ownstairs 从楼上摔下来The Y.H.A. 青年招待所协会Cheer up 振作起来Full of 充满了Would you like? 你愿意？Could you? 你能?（比 Can you?更婉转客气）Buyon instalments 以分期付款的方式购买Small change 零钱Go back to sleep 继续睡觉To takewith 把带上（with 后跟人称宾格）Have to 不得不（过去式 Had to）By myself 我自己By yourself 你自己By himself 他自己By herself 她自己By itself 它自己By ours
33、elves 我们自己By yourselves 你们自己By themselves 他/她/它们自己By oneself 独自的Not that long ago 没那么久At （以的方式进行、做某事）He cant be 他不可能He must be 他肯定是He cant have been 他那时不可能He must have benn 他那时肯定是 Dont be so sure 别那么肯定He may 他可能He might 他可能（没有 He might的程度强）Make upminds 打定主意（up 后跟人称宾格）Look after 照看In the end 最后In the
34、 first instance 首先，起初He may be 他可能是He may have been 他可能己经Im ot sure 我不敢肯定I wonder why 我想知道为什么A long time (ago) 很早（前）Get married 结婚Depend on 依靠，取决于 Im late for 我因为而迟到By the way 顺便（问，说）Im dressed in 我穿戴着Make up her face 往她的脸上施脂粉Make myselft beautiful 把自己打扮漂亮Was covered with 覆盖着I went for （表明目的）Pice of
35、 paper 纸片Cigarette ends 烟头Take out 拿出Put away 放到一边Hundreds of 成百上千的Round the world 周游世界季节、月份、星期Spring 春节Summer 夏天Autumn 秋天Winter 冬天January 一月February 二月March 三月April 四月May 五月June 六月July 七月August 八月September 九月October 十月November 十一月December 十二月Monday 星期一Tuesday 星期二Wednesday 星期三Tursday 星期四Friday 星期五Sa
36、turday 星期六Sunday 星期日Weekend 周未语法九一.情态动词定义：在句子中通常用来表示“能力”、“ 请求或许可”必须、 可能等表示情感或态度的动词情态动词 can：含义（一）：表能力，意为“能、会”Can you speak French? Yes, I can. / No, I cant. 含义（二）：表请求或许可，意为“可以”Can you open the window? 注意：can 一般上级对下级或长辈对晚辈，对长辈上级用 could结构：can+动词原形情态动词 must：含义：表义务，意为“必须”You must finish the work today.Mu
37、st I finish the work today?Yes, you must./ No, you neednt.注意：1. must 表示必须时，否定式为 neednt；2. mustnt 表示“禁止、不准”We mustnt play football on the road. 结构：must+动词原形拓展： 1、 have to 不得不，必须（客观）；must 必须，一定（主观）; have to (第三人称单数用 has to)+ 动词原形;My mother is not at home, so I have to eat outside. 2、 May 比 can 更委婉的请求M
38、ay I come in? Yes, you may. / No, you cant.二.可数/不可数名词修饰词1、a lot of + 可数名词复数 /不可数名词（表示许多，多用于肯定句）2、many+可数名词复数 eg. many booksmuch+不可数名词 eg. much chocolate3、some 与 any 相同点：+ 可数名词复数/不可数名词不同点：some 多用于肯定句，any 用于否定句和疑问句，some 还可表示 委婉的请求，希望征得 肯定的回答。Would you like some tea? / Could you give me some water, ple
39、ase? Yes, please. / No, thank you. 语法九 小升初小练笔一、说明下列句中情态动词的含义。(A.能力; B. 许可; C.猜测) 。( ) l. “You must write more neatly,” said the teacher.( ) 2. Hes not in the office.He must have gone to the meeting.( ) 3. Visitors mustnt move and touch the exhibits.( ) 4. The girl can play the violin very well.( ) 5
40、. Can I smoke here?二、完成对话，每空一词.A: Lily, would you like something to drink?B: Yes, Im thirsty now.A: What _ _ _ ?B: Id _ a cup of tea, please.A: Would you like _ _ _?B: No, thank you. Im not hungry. _ _you? Do you want something to eat?A: Yes, Im hungry now. Id like some cakes.C: How _ cakes would you like?A: Four cakes, please. And a bottle of apple juice.C: Anything else?A: No, thats all.C: Here you are.语法十 现在完成时请认真读背以下句子，感受其句意！Have you been to the cinema?Ive already （已经）seen it
