1、1Unit 1 New concepts of HealthPart I Getting ready1. Im here to tell you how the patient should wrest control of 夺取对的控制权 their health away from the practitioners of medicine 医师、医生 and take charge of 负责 their own medical destiny.wrest sth from sb/sth (formal) 夺取to take sth such as power or control fr
2、om sb/sth with great effort: They attempted to wrest control of the town from government forces.to take sth from sb that they do not want to give, suddenly or violently: He wrested the gun from my grasp.区分 wrestling resli 摔角 ,扭斗,格斗 wrestle reslpractitioner: a person who works in a profession, especi
3、ally medicine or law: dental / legal practitioners. Doctors are sometimes referred to as practitioners or medical practitioners. (FORMAL) 2. Your exercise regime 锻炼、运动保养法 should be a pleasure, not a penance.regime: reii:m a special plan of food, exercise etc that is intended to improve your health =
4、 regimen redimen a dietary regime 养生法,生活规则 ; 政治制度，政权penance: something that you have to do but do not enjoy doing. e.g.Working in the garden was a kind of penance. 讨厌但非做不可的事 ,痛苦的事 工作3. Many sports programs are now encouraging players to use cross training techniques 交叉训练技巧, that is, to borrow traini
5、ng techniques from other sports.Cross-training (also known as conditioning) refers to training in different ways to improve overall performance. It takes advantage of the particular effectiveness of each training method, while at the same time attempting to neglect the shortcomings of that method by
6、 combining it with other methods that address its weaknesses.4. Subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is defined as a borderline state 临界状态between health and disease.5. Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes
7、in the digestive 消化的 tract 管,径,道.the digestive tract 消化道6. They all wear locator 定位器, 探测器 badges 徽章, part of a wireless system that tracks their movements on the floor.7. Annette Bearden is among dozens of nurses at Eden Medical Center who staged 实行, 进行 an active protest two months ago saying the sy
8、stem smacks of Big Brotherism 极权老大哥主义.Smack: if a situation smacks of something unpleasant, it seems to involve that thing 含有的味道His opinions ed of conservatism.他的意见带有保守主义的味道8. I think it is one tool that we can use in measuring overall performance but by itself it is not a valid disciplinary tool.9.
9、 If youve ever been kept awake with a headache or toothache, but at six in the evening, between six and seven, the sensitivity to pain is at its lowest.10. And the other thing is that midday tiredness is at its worst between two and three.2Part II Preventative medicine 预防医学A scuba diving: the activi
10、ty of swimming underwater using special breathing equipment. The equipment consists of cylinders 汽缸 of air which you carry on your back and which are connected to your mouth by rubber tubes. 轻便(潜水器)潜水snorkeling: when you swim under water using a snorkel We went snorkeling in Hawaii. 潜水strain: (因过度使用
11、而) 伤害 He has ed his eyes by reading too much.他因阅读过度而损伤了眼睛 oneself过度使用而损害健康 oneself by overwork 因操劳过度而损害身体rowing: a sport in which people or teams race against each other in boats with oars. 划船,划艇,划舟squash: 网拍式墙球,回力球(一种两人或四人对打的室内球戏,以长柄圆框球拍互击由围墙上弹回的橡皮球)stretching: 伸展,伸出 He ed his arms and yawned.他伸展双臂
12、打呵欠flexibility: 灵活性，柔韧性stamina: physical or mental strength that lets you continue doing something for a long time without getting tired You need stamina to be a long-distance runner. Elaine has the stamina and the determination to succeed. 持久力,耐力,毅力road work: 越野长跑训练(拳击手等为了调整体能状况而做的长途跑步等)weight trai
13、ning: the activity of lifting specially shaped pieces of metal that weigh an exact amount, as a form of exercise He does weight training at the gym twice a week.hone: to develop and improve sth, especially a skill, over a period of time: His body was honed to perfection. She honed her debating skill
14、s at college. 磨炼 OutlineI. Factors affecting our healthA. self-destructive things1. drinking too much alcohol2. smoking heavily3. having diets heavy in saturated fats4. not enough exerciseB. environmental factors1. air pollution2. water pollution3. too much sunlightII. Ways to improve our fitnessA.
15、healthy lifestyle choices: making it fun to keep fitB. reducing sports injuries1. two kinds of sports injuriesa. accidental injuriesb. repetitive strain injuries2. ways to reduce them3a. warming up adequatelyb. borrowing training techniques from other sportsB1. Which group in the survey is at higher
16、 risk of early death?Young men. especially working class young men.2. According to the Surgeon-General of the US, how much of our illness could be avoided?53%.3. Whats the purpose of doing stretching exercise?To increase the flexibility.4. ls it tree that warm-up exercises are only needed on cool da
17、ys?No. they are needed both on cool days and on hot days.5. What cross training techniques do different sportsmen use? Complete the following chart.Sportsmen Cross training techniques PurposeBoxers Doing road work and weight training Building up staminaTable tennis players Running and jogging Improv
18、ing performancefootballers Doing flexibility exercises Helping control the ball betterTapescript:Good morning. Im Dr. Pat Parker, and Im here to talk to you about preventative medicine in its widest and most personal aspects. In other words, Im here to tell you how the patient should wrest control o
19、f their health away from the practitioners of medicine and take charge of their own medical destiny. I want to talk about staying out of the hands of the doctor. When the patient takes responsibility for her or his own health-and lets decide the patient is male for now - men are in fact more at risk
20、 than women anyway-when the patient takes over his own health regime, he must decide what he wants to do. Our department has recently completed a survey of mens health. We looked at men in different age groups and occupations, and we came up with a disturbing insight. Young men, particularly working
21、 class men, are at considerable risk of premature death because of their lifestyle. As a group, they have high risk factors: they drink too much alcohol, they smoke more heavily than any other group, their diet is frequently heavy in saturated fats, and they dont get enough exercise.We then did a sm
22、aller survey in which we looked at environmental factors which affect health. I had privately expected to find air or water pollution to be the biggest hazards, and they must not be ignored. However, the effects of the sun emerged as a threat which people simply do not take sufficiently seriously. P
23、lease remember that too much sunlight can cause permanent damage.Given this information, and the self-destructive things which people, particularly young men are doing to themselves, one could be excused for feeling very depressed. However, Im an optimist, l see things improving, but only if we work
24、 very hard. In the second part of the talk I want to consider different things that you as students can do to improve your fitness.In the late 80s the Surgeon-General of the United States said that 53 percent of our illnesses could be avoided by healthy lifestyle choices. I now want to discuss these
25、 choices with you.You should try to make keeping fit fun! Its very hard to go out and do exercises by yourself, so its wise to find a sport that you like and play it with other people, lf you swim, you can consider 4scuba diving or snorkeling. If you jog, try to find a friend to go with. If you walk
26、, choose pretty places to walk or have a reason for walking. Your exercise regime should be a pleasure, not a penance. The university is an excellent place to find other people who share sporting interests with you, and there are many sports teams you can join. This, unfortunately, raises the issue
27、of sports injuries, and different sports have characteristic injuries. As well as accidental injuries, we find repetitive strain injuries occurring in sports where the same motion is frequently performed, like rowing and squash. The parallel in working life is repetitive strain injury which may be s
28、uffered by typists or other people who perform the same action hour after hour, day after day.In this context, therefore, the most important thing to remember before any sport is to warm up adequately. Do stretching exercises, and aim at all times to increase your flexibility. Be gentle with yoursel
29、f, and allow time to prepare for the game you have chosen to play. Dont be fooled by the term “warm up“, by the way. Its every bit as important to do your warm-up exercises on a hot day as on a cool one.I think one of the most sensible and exciting developments in the reduction of injury is the reco
30、gnition that all sports can borrow from each other. Many sports programs are now encouraging players to use cross training techniques, that is, to borrow training techniques from other sports. Boxers have been using cross training for years: building up stamina by doing road work and weight training
31、, while honing their skills and reflexes. Other sports which require a high level of eye-hand coordination are following this trend, so you see table tennis players running and jogging to improve their performance, and footballers doing flexibility exercises which can help them control the ball bett
32、er. All of these results are good, but the general sense of well-being is best, and is accessible to us all, from trained athletes to people who will never run a 100 meters in less than 15 seconds, Good health is not only for those who will achieve athletic greatness!（764）Part III SubhealthAstressed
33、 out: very tense and anxious because of difficulties in their lives. (INFORMAL) 紧张的,有压力的borderline: the point at which one quality, situation, emotion etc ends and another begins She slipped over the borderline into sleep.exposure: when someone is in a situation where they are not protected from som
34、ething dangerous or unpleasant. exposure to Prolonged exposure to the sun can cause skin cancer.fatigue: a feeling of extreme physical or mental tiredness. 疲倦,疲乏,疲劳endocrinopathy: endukrainpi n. 医内分泌病neurasthenia: njursi:ni n. 神经衰弱症climacteric: klaimktrik 更年期insomnia: Someone who suffers from insomn
35、ia finds it difficult to sleep.agitation: If someone is in a state of agitation, they are very worried or upset, and show this in their behaviour, movements, or voice.不安，焦虑cardiovascular: k:diuvskjul adj. 心脏血管的palpitations: /plptenz/ n plural if you have palpitations, your heart beats quickly in an
36、5irregular way 急速不规则的跳动;心悸arrhythmia: rimi名词医心律不整; 心脏跳动不规则aquatic: living or growing in water, e.g. an aquatic planttrace element: a chemical element such as iron or zinc that occurs in very small amounts in living things and is necessary for normal growth and development. 生物 (动植物所不可欠缺的) 微量元素indispe
37、nsable: essential; too important to be without: Cars have become an indispensable part of our lives.digestive tract: 消化道People most likely to be subhealthy1. middle aged people2. elderly people3. people in management position4. students at exam timeSubhealth symptoms1. lack of energy2. depression3.
38、slow reactions4. insomnia5. agitation 6. poor memory7. shortness of breath8. sweating 9. aching in waist and legs 10. cardiovascular diseases The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth1. forming good living habits2. alternating work with rest3. exercising regularly4. taking part in open air
39、 activities5. having a balanced dietB1. Synonyms of subhealth: a. third state b. gray state2. Definition of subhealth: a borderline state between health and disease3. Clinical names of subhealth: fatigue syndrome, endocrinopathy, neurasthenia, climacteric syndrome4. Food rich in nutritional elements
40、: fresh vegetables, fruits, fish and aquatic productsFeeling stressed out lately? Has the doctor said he cannot find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the fancy equipment there show that there is nothing wrong. Then consider this, you might be in a state of subhealt
41、h. Subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is defined as a borderline state between health and disease. According to an investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middle aged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who wor
42、k in management positions as 6well as students around exam-time, due to their heightened exposure to stress. Subhealth comes under several clinical names, including fatigue syndrome, endocrinopathy, neurasthenia, and climacteric syndrome. Symptoms include a lack of energy, depression, slow reactions
43、, insomnia, agitation, and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs. In addition, cardiovascular diseases such as palpitations and arrhythmia may appear. The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts i
44、s to form good living habits, alternate work with rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities. As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, fish and aquatic products because they are rich in nutritional elements-v
45、itamins and trace elements-that are indispensable to the body. Nutrition experts point out that it is not good to eat too much at one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract. They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.Part IVSummaryIn more tha
46、n 850 US hospitals, there is a system using infrared signals to track/locate a nurse when his/her service is needed. However, people have very different opinions about the use of such a system. Some people think, with this new technology, nurses can utilize their time in a better way, better patient
47、 care can be provided and nurses overall performance can be measured, while some people think the devices will be used to listen in on conversations and scrutinize their movements. Some nurses even staged a protest against the system which seems to have a taste of Big Brotherism.TapescriptR: When a
48、patient calls for help at Seton Medical Center, “Hi, Mr. Rogers, can I help you?“ (says a nurse), its never a problem finding a nurse. “Do you want him to come in? OK, OK thanks.“ Its because they all wear locator badges, part of a wireless system which tracks their movements on the floor.H: You can
49、 even tell when they are walking down the hallway?S: Yes, you can. Yeah, you can. Nancy Martinis?R: This system made by Hill-Rom uses infrared signals to detect when nurses enter a room to answer a call. Staff can tall and listen through a wall unit to nurses or even to patients in other rooms.S: The time we were spending hunting staff down trying to find them and locate them we can put that to much better use.R: Hill-Rom says it has systems installed in more than 850 U.S. hospitals. Some nurses
