1、浙 江 广 播 电 视 大 学英语专业(开放本科)翻译理论与实践期末复习题型：一、选择题（每小题 2 分，共 20 分）二、翻译句子。 （每小题 3 分，共 30 分）三、篇章翻译（每小题 40 分，共 40 分）四、案例分析题（每小题 10 分，共 10 分）注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。 ）一、选择题（每小题 2 分，共 20 分）1. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_。BA. dry goods：纺织品 Bwhite goods：白色的货物Cwhite wine：白葡萄酒 Dtoilet water：花露水2. “This is
2、a special offer and is not subject to our usual discounts” 请问下面哪个译文最合适？_。CA. 这是特殊报盘，不以我方通常折扣为条件。B. 这是特惠报盘，我方通常折扣不适应于此盘。C. 此系特惠报盘，不另加我方通常折扣。D. 这是特殊报盘，不局限于我们通常折扣。3. 下面哪个配对是错误的？_。DA赤脚医生：barefoot doctor B纸老虎：paper tigerCto show ones cards：摊牌 D大海捞针：look for a needle in sea4这个出租汽车司机黑着呢，他经常宰顾客。BA. This tax
3、i driver has a black heart. He often kills his customers.B. This taxi driver is an old screw. He often overcharges.C. This taxi driver is a very greedy man.D. This taxi driver is too black to kill the customers.5. 手头上的钱不够用了，他只好打消买皮鞋的念头。BA. Money is not enough. He has to drop the idea to buy a pair o
4、f leather shoes.B. Money being not enough, he has to drop the idea to buy a pair of leather shoes for the time being.C. Money is not enough, he has to drop the idea to buy a pair of leather shoes for the time being.D. Money is not enough, so he has to refuse to buy a pair of leather shoes. 6下面哪个选项是错
5、误的？_。AAHe got all the credit for the discovery. 翻译为：他由于这项发现而获得各种银行贷款。BHow much do I have to my credit? 翻译为：我们的银行户头上还有多少存款？CThey sold grain on credit during time of famine. 翻译为：饥荒季节，他们则赊销粮食。DThey have opened the covering credit with the Bank of China, London. 翻译为：他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关的信用证。7. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_。A
6、A他爱发脾气。译文：He likes to lose temper.B他爱打篮球。译文：He likes playing basketball.C他爱读书。译文：He is fond of reading.D他爱笑。译文：He is tending to laugh.8 “A book, tight shut, is but a block of paper.” 请问下面哪个译文是最恰当的？_。BA一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠废纸。B闲置之书只是一叠废纸。C一本书，如果紧紧合上不读，只是一叠纸。D一本书，紧紧合上，只是一叠纸。9下面哪句话的描述是错误的？_。DA美国著名翻译理论家奈达提出
7、了 “动态对等”原则。B “动态对等 ”原则是指，运用交际理论和信息论的原理，将焦点从传统的译文与原文两个文本的比较转移到两个过程的比较，使人们注意到影响信息接收的各种语言和文化因素。C奈达曾将“ 动态对等”的提法改成了“功能对等”原则。D翻译求的是“形式对等”，而非”动态对等”。10. “这位公司经理正在大学进修以提高管理水平。 ” 请问下面哪个选项的译文是最恰当的？_。A A. The manager of the company is having his advanced study at a university to improve his art of management.B.
8、 The manager of the company is having his advanced study at a university to improve his level of management.C. The manager of the company is having his advanced study at a university to improve his standard of management.D. The manager of the company is having his advanced study at a university to r
9、aise his level of management.11. 下面哪个译文最恰当？_。DThere is no one of us but wishes to go swimming in the lake.A. 我们没有人愿意去湖里游泳。B. 我们只有一个人想去湖里游泳。C. 我们并非人人都愿意去湖里游泳。D. 我们每一个人都想去湖里游泳。12. 下面哪个选项是错误的？_。DA. 这衣服将很快晒干。译文： The clothes will soon dry out in the sun.B. 夏收以后，有些农民在公路上晒粮食。译文：After the summer harvest, so
10、me farmers spread their grains on the highway and have them dried out in the sun.C. 你把客人晒在一边是不礼貌的。译文： It is impolite for you to ignore your guests.D. 我的皮肤晒得比你黑。译文： My skin has become blacker than yours.13. 施觉怀在“翻译法律文献的几个特点”一文中指出，法律文献翻译应该体现以下三个特带你：_。 CA条理清、文字美、格式规范 B. 条理清、文字美、意思全C条理清、文字明、意思全 D. 条理清、文
11、字明、格式规范二、翻译句子。 （每小题 3 分，共 30 分）1At 60 miles an hour the loudest noise in this new Rolls-Royce comes from the electric clock. (请注意广告口号的翻译）时速 60 英里的这种新式“劳斯莱斯”轿车 最响的噪音是来自车内的电钟。2. As the contract has been signed, whats done is done and cant be undone. （请用意译法翻译，注意划线部分）现在合同已签了，真是木已成舟，生米煮成了熟饭，只好如此了。3. This
12、 contract is binding subject to the fulfillment of the following conditions。 （请注意 be subject to 翻译特点）本合同须满足下列条件方始生效。4. 新的价格表将自（在）6 月 1 日始生效。 （请注意契约语言的特点）The new pricelist will become effective from (on) June 1.5. 我 们 希 望 产 品 的 图 案 和 色 彩 能 照 顾 到 欧 洲 人 的 心 理 。 （ 请 注 意 中 西 方 思 维 和 文 化 的差 异 ）We hope tha
13、t the design and color of the products would suit the European taste.6We take this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make prompt shipment of the merchandise. （请用减词法翻译）兹奉告，该商品可即期装运。7We are exporters of the above goods, having a background of some 30 years. （请用词类转换法翻译）我们出口上述商品
14、，已经经营了 30 来年。8We are not completely satisfied with your manner of doing business. （请用反面着笔法翻译）贵方做生意的态度有待改进。9. 饭 店 拥 有 各 类 高 级 客 房 385 间 （ 套 ） ,各 种 先 进 的 服 务 设 施 为 每 位 宾 客 提 供 尽 善 尽美 的 服 务 。 （ 请 注 意 酒 店 英 语 的 措 词 ）The hotel houses 385 deluxe guest rooms and suites with a wide array of state-of-the-art
15、 equipment, hotel facilities and services, making accommodation as comfortable and convenient as possible, and catering to the individual needs of each guest.10. When Stephen was introduced to the old couple, they said simply, “Weve read your article. We expected to meet an older man.” （请用正话反说，反话正说法
16、翻译）当史蒂夫被介绍给这对老年夫妇的时候，他们只是淡淡地说：“我们看过你的文章，没想到你这么年轻。 ”11. An acquaintance of world history is helpful to the study of current affairs. （请用词类转换法翻译）读一点世界史，对学习时事是有帮助的。12. He is too yellow to stand up and fight.他太软弱，不敢起来斗争。13. 能为他的这本散文集作序，我觉得很荣幸。I find it a great honor to write a preface to this collection
17、 of his essays.14. 她今天显得闷闷不乐，出了什么事情？她得了假期忧郁症。 She looks blue today. Whats the matter with her? She is in holiday blue.三、篇章翻译（每小题 40 分，共 40 分）1) By building one of the planets most successful companies from his garage, he exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity. By making computers personal and
18、putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun. And by turning his talents to storytelling, he has brought joy to millions of children and grown-ups alike. Steve was fond of saying that he lived every day like it was his last. Becau
19、se he did, he transformed our lives, redefined entire industries and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: He changed the way each of us sees the world.他在车库里建立了这个星球上最成功的公司之一，充分体现了美国人的创造力。通过使电脑个人化，将互联网装进我们的口袋里，他不但让人们可以享受到信息革命的成果，而且使这种革命变得直观和有趣。他的天赋和才华成为家喻户晓的故事，他为数以百万计的儿童和成年人都带来了快乐。史蒂夫很喜欢
20、说，他过的每一天都像是最后一天。正如他所做到的，他改变了我们的生活，重新定义了所有行业，并实现了人类历史上最罕见的壮举之一：即他改变了我们每个人看这个世界的方式。2) Pavilion FeaturesThe first World Expo came about in the United Kingdom and was then known as the Great Exhibition, held in the Crystal Palace at Hyde Park. This majestic metal-and-glass edifice（大建筑物） was not only hom
21、e to the extravaganza （盛大表演）display of products from all over the world, but was also the iconic（标志） symbol of the world fair, being considered one of the most beautiful structures in the world until a fire destroyed it half a century ago. Now, the United Kingdom has brought to Expo visitors a new v
22、ersion of the Crystal Palace a dazzling cube（水晶宫） formed by more than 60,000 slim and transparent acrylic rods（亚克力杆） containing seeds of different plants.展馆特色第一届世博会在英国海德公园的水晶宫中举行，当时被称作“大展览”。水晶宫是一座由金属和玻璃建成的宏伟建筑，它不仅是世界上各式各样的展品齐聚一堂的场所，还是世博会的标志，在 1936 年被烧毁之前，一直被视为世界上最漂亮的建筑物之一。如今，英国又将一座新版的水晶宫呈现给参观者们-由 6
23、万根蕴含不同植物种子的透明亚克力杆组成的巨型“种子殿堂”。3) Every morning as the sky brightens over the Andaman Sea, workers here set out perfect lines of white plastic chairs along the soft ands, punctuated by furled umbrellas ready to be opened as the sun begins to burn.Nearly four months after giant waves swept more than 53
24、00 people to their deaths along the countrys southern coast, the island of Phuket (普吉) - the crown jewel of Thailands beach resorts -has patched and pasted itself together.每天清晨，安达曼海的天空刚刚发亮，这里的工人就把白塑料椅子整整齐齐地摆在那柔软的沙滩上，还有一些收拢的遮阳伞散落其间，准备等太阳晒得厉害了再把它们张开。泰国南部沿海巨浪吞噬了 5300 人的生命，此事过去已快四个月了。普吉岛-泰国海滨旅游胜地中的璀璨明珠-
25、也已修缮完毕。（1）The traditional pattern of classroom experience at the college level brings the professor and a group of 20 to 30 students together for a 45-to-50-minute class session two or three times a week. The most common mode of instruction is the lecture. When lectures are the principal method of i
26、nstruction in larger classes, regular periods may be set aside for small group discussions under the leadership of an assistant instructor. 由一位教授和二三十名学生每周会晤两三次，每次授课时间 45 分钟到 50 分钟，是大学程度课堂教学的传统方式。最普遍的教学方式是讲课。较大的班以讲课为主要教学方法时，也会拨出一定时间由助教领导进行小组讨论。（2）It was a fine day in early Spring. Bright sunshine flo
27、oded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball. In most of the tenements the windows were up. Clean-shaven men in collarless shirts or in underwear, women with aprons（围裙） or sloppy pink wrappers leaned on the sills （窗台）and gazed with aimless interest at the street, the sky
28、, those who were passing below.早春时节的一个晴天，大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日衣服的孩子正在街上玩球。这时简易公寓的窗户大都打开了。刚刮过脸的男人穿着汗衫、内衣，女人系着围裙或者披着邋遢的粉红罩衫，他们都靠在窗口漫无目的地望着天空和街上的行人。（3）FUZHOU(Xinhua) -Three journalists from Hong Kong were expelled from the mainland on Sunday afternoon by public security officers of South Chinas Fjujian Provin
29、ce, for violating the State Security Law. (注：这是一篇新闻报道，翻译时，并不强调译文和原文的格式完全统一.)三名香港记者擅自闯入我军事演习区域进行非法采访活动，在福建省被当地公安机关扣留。(4) Over twenty-eight years ago, adias gave birth to a new idea in sports shoes. And the people who wear our shoes have been running and winning ever since. In fact, adidas has helped
30、them set over 400 world records in track and field alone.28 年前， 阿迪达斯为运动鞋带来了全新的概念。从那之后，脚穿阿迪达斯的人们健步如飞，频频夺标。事实上，阿迪达斯仅在田径场上就帮助人们创造了 400 多项世界记录。四、案例分析题（每小题 10 分，共 10 分）今天省经贸委、统计局等单位联合发布江苏百强企业名单。江苏省电力公司以 870.54 亿元摘取 5 连冠。译文一：Jiangsu Provincial Economy and Trade Commission and the Provincial Bureau of Stat
31、istics released on Thursday the latest rankings for the top 100 companies in the province.译文二: Jiangsu Power Company leads the list of 100 large enterprises in the province, according to the latest ranking of the top 100 companies released Thursday by the Jiangsu Provincial Economy and Trade Commiss
32、ion and the Provincial Bureau of Statistics.请用所学的翻译知识来分析以上两种译文。分析：译文一是根据中文新闻的句式顺序进行了几乎对应的翻译，而译文二则是打破原文的句法结构、先后顺序，对译文进行重组之后进行翻译。而根据英语新闻导语第一句话就单刀直入的文体特点，江苏电力公司实现五连冠应该是本新闻的第一重点，因此，导语的行为主体理应是江苏电力公司以及其他 100 强企业，而省经贸委、统计局等单位仅仅是这一排名的发布者，不应该放在突出的位置。庐山，位于江西省北部，北濒长江，东南临鄱阳湖。自然风光奇特秀丽。 “匡庐奇秀甲天下山。 ”方圆 302 平方公里的风景
33、区内，有 16 个大自然奇观，474 个景点。171 座山峰逶迤相连，峰峦叠嶂。译文 1：Mount Lushan is located in the north of Jiangxi Province, with the Changjiang River flowing by just in the north and the Poyang Lake lying in the southeast. Known as “the most beautiful mountain under heaven,“ its scenic area covers 302 square kilometers
34、of land, including 16 natural wonders, 474 scenic spots and 171 peaks standing on rolling mountain ranges.译文 2： Mount Lushan is located in the north of Jiangxi Province, with the Changjiang River flowing by just in the north and the Poyang Lake lying in the southeast. The scenic area covers 302 squa
35、re kilometers, boasting 16 natural wonders, 474 scenic spots and 171 peaks standing on rolling mountain ranges. Famous for its marvelous landscapes, Mount Lushan is crowded as “the most beautiful mountain under heaven.”请用所学的翻译知识来分析以上两种译文。原文是一篇遗产解说的第一段，一共包括五句话。第一句介绍庐山的地理位置。第二句话赞美庐山的美丽景色。第三句话引用了一句俗话作为
36、证明。最后两句话具体介绍了一些景物。这个段落的总体结构是从整体到部分，是一个比较典型的中文遗产解说的开篇方式。译文 1 由两个复杂的长句组成。段落的基本结构不变，但是省略了“自然风光奇特秀丽”一句。整个段落主要是列举客观事实，但是“known as “the most beautiful mountain under heaven“是对庐山的赞美之辞，在此显得比较突然，与上下文有点脱节。而译文 2 放在了段落的最后，起到了画龙点睛的效果。1. 狮林大酒店信守“服务在岗位，满意在狮林”的服务宗旨，竭诚欢迎国内外宾客惠顾。本店员工训练有素、温文尔雅、热情好客。细致周到的服务，令您黄山之旅尽情尽兴。
37、译文一：The hotel is committed to its motto: Customer is always right and perfect service is our goal. We warmly welcome guests and friends at home and abroad to come for a visit here. The hotel attendants and staff are all qualified for the jobs. They are responsible, hospitable and warmhearted. They a
38、re ready at all times to do their utmost to make your visit to Mountain Huangshan an enjoyable experience to your heart.译文二：Enjoy a warm welcome at Shilin Hotel, where your satisfaction is guaranteed. Enjoy the best service offered by our best-trained staff.请用所学的翻译知识来分析上面两种译文。分析：译文一过于受汉语影响。让顾客满意是服务行
39、业的基本要求， “员工训练有素”是服务行业从业人员的必要条件，没必要炫耀，因此这些属于冗余信息，因此译文二采用祈使句的表达方式，更加简单。1.谋事在人，成事在天，咱们谋到了，靠菩萨的保佑，有些机会，也未可知。 （红楼梦第六回）译文一: Man proposes, Heaven disposes. Work out a plan, trust to Buddha, and something may come of it for all you know. ” (Yang xianyi)译文二: “I wouldnt say that,” said Grannie Liu. “Man propo
40、ses, God disposes. Its up to us to think of something. We must leave it to the good Lord to decide whether Hell help us or not. Who knows, He might give us the opportunity we are looking for.” (Tr. David Hawkes)请运用所学的翻译知识分析以上两个翻译文本的不同点，并分析其原因。分析：两位译者都是大家，译文的遣词和达意都充分考虑了原文或译文的社会背景和宗教信仰。文中刘姥姥提到了菩萨,可见她信
41、靠的神并不是西方人心中的god,如果译文不作形象上的改变,会造成文化上的冲突和矛盾。为了如实地传达原文反映的宗教文化,杨译将“天”直译成“heaven” 。因此，将 “谋事在人，成事在天”翻译成 “Man proposes，Heaven disposes”是语义翻译，因为忠实地保留了原文的道教观念。如果翻译成“Man proposes，God disposes”则是交际翻译，因为译者为了适合西方读者的宗教背景和接受心理，把道教观念转化成了西方的基督教观念。在今年 4 月举行的首届两岸经贸论坛上，国台办宣布了“促进两岸交流，惠及台湾同胞的15 项政策措施”，其中包括向台湾同胞开放报关员考试，日前
42、记者在昆山海关了解到，在昆山共有 25 名台湾报考了祖国大陆报关员，报考人数居全国县级市第一。译文一：In the cross-Straits economic and trade forum held in April, the mainland released a new package of beneficial policies, including the opening of the mainland customs broker qualifications exam to Taiwan compatriots. According to sources, 25 Taiwan
43、compatriots in south Jiangsus Kunshan city have applied for the customs broker qualifications exam this year.译文二：25 Taiwan compatriots in south Jiangsus Kunshan city have signed up for the mainland customs broker qualifications exam since the beginning of the year, thanks to the favorable polices th
44、e Chinese Taiwan Affairs Office announced to be effective as of last April.分析：上述电视新闻的事实重点是位于导语后半部分的“昆山共有 25 名台胞报考了祖国大陆报关员，报考人数居全国县级市第一”这一信息，但是，中文新闻的导语根据其文体特点首先做了一大堆的背景铺垫，反而把重要信息放在了最后出现，当然，这也是符合汉语句式结构尾重心特点的。但是，按照源语进行对应翻译之后，译文一就势必难以达到英语新闻所希望达到的报道效果。其次，译文一中也把源语的一些多余信息照译不误，从而影响了译文的简洁，不符合英文简洁明快，逻辑严谨的文风特点
45、。因此，上述汉语原文在翻译成英语时必须做出调整，适当删除一些多余信息，从而使译文既符合功能翻译策略的目的论原则，也满足英语新闻要素的特点，更实现外宣目的。在译文二中，新闻主导要素被置于了最突出的句首位置， “报考人数居全国县级市第一”这一次要信息则转移到了新闻正文中去进行交代，在导语中不做表达，这也符合英语新闻适时穿插交代背景信息的文体特点。而台湾同胞可以报考祖国大陆报关员这一政策形势背景则处理成了一个借此短语这一显性手段加以标识，同时它也起到了新闻来源的作用，而“首届两岸经贸论坛”和“ 促进两岸交流，惠及台湾同胞的 15 项政策措施”以及“日前记者在.了解到”这一目前已集合成为国内电视新闻记者的口头禅“行话”等等对于本英语新闻无关紧要的信息则干脆省去不译，这样一来的译文就主次分明，重点突出，同时也满足了英语新闻报道对新闻要素的要求。
