1、Part Four,Language Study,ENTER,Word Study Phrases and Expressions Word BuildingGrammar,Language Study,Contents,Word Study,Word list:,acquaintance anguish bulge confer contemplate contempt exalt,headyhustleimpedimentintegratemuscularproficientstampede,Word Study,1. acquaintance,n. a. (CN) a person wh
2、om one knows b. (UN) knowledge or information about somethingor someonen. acquaintanceshipv. acquaint: to come to know personally; to make familiar; to inform; Examples: Mrs. Bosomley has become merely a nodding acquaintance. Few of my acquaintances like Sheila. The guide has some acquaintance with
3、Italian. He has a wide acquaintanceship among all sorts of people.,Translation,点头之交 认识的人 懂一点意大利语 交往甚广,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,Expressions:,Examples: Let me acquaint you with my family. You must acquaint yourself with your new duties. Please acquaint us with your plans.,be (becom
4、e, get) acquainted with:I am already acquainted with the facts. make sb.s acquaintance (make the acquaintance of sb.):So pleased to have made your acquaintance.,Word Study,v. (vi.) to feel or suffer anguishn. agonizing physical or mental pain;tormenta. anguished Examples: She was in anguish over her
5、 missing child. anguished cries,2. anguish,Synonyms,suffering, agony, distress, grief, heartache, heartbreak, misery, pain sorrow, torment, torture,Word Study,3. bulge,v. to curve outward; to swell up; to stick out n. a. a protruding part; an outward curve or swellingb. a sudden, usually temporary i
6、ncrease in number or quantity,Examples:His pocket was bulging with sweets. The baby boom created a bulge in school enrollment.,Synonyms,protrude project stick out,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,Examples: Helens teeth protrude too far. The policeman saw a gun protruding from the mans po
7、cket. Nails protruded from the board and had to be removed for safety.,protrudev. to push or thrust outward; to jut out,Word Study,v. a. to bestow (e.g. an honor) 授予b. to invest with (a characteristic) 赋予；使带有c. (vi.) to meet in order to deliberate togetheror compare views 协商,4. confer,Examples: The
8、government conferred a medal on the hero.Diplomas were conferred on members of graduating class.The engineers and technicians are still conferring on the unexpected accident.,Synonym,award,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,award v. a. to grant as merited or dueb.to give as legally due,Exa
9、mples: Martin Ruther King Jr. was awarded the peace Nobel Prize of 1964 for advocating nonviolence policy in the movement for civil rights. He was awarded his damages in the shipwreck by the court.,Word Study,v. a. to look at attentively and thoughtfullyb. to consider carefully and at length;c. to h
10、ave in mind as an intention or possibility Examples: She stood contemplating her figure in the mirror. The young surgeon contemplated the difficult operation of kidney transplant. She is contemplating a trip to Europe, but she hasnt planned it yet.,5. contemplate,Synonyms,consider ponder meditate de
11、liberate brood over,Word Study,6. contempt,n. scorn; a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important and does not deserve any respect Example:I feel nothing but contempt for such dishonest behavior.,Word formation,Expressions: be beneath contemptbring into contempthold in contemptin contempt of,极为荒谬可鄙的
12、使受人鄙视 鄙视，蔑视 不顾，不把放在眼里,a. contemptible contemptuous,To be continued on the next page.,Word Study,Examples: It was contemptible of him to speak like that about a respectable teacher! It was a contemptible trick to tell lies and play on an old friend! He was contemptuous of Britains army. Seeing I fail
13、ed to understand, he gave me a contemptuous look.,contemptible: deserving of contempt; despicable卑劣的，可鄙的,contemptuous: manifesting or feeling contempt; scornful 鄙视的；看不起；鄙视的,Word Study,7. exalt,v. a. to raise in rank, character, or status b. to glorify, praise, or honor c. to increase the effect or i
14、ntensity ofexalteda. excited; noble; exaggerated,Examples: Complementary colors exalt each other. He was exalted to the position of president. The retiring professor is exalted by his colleagues. an exalted dedication to liberty He has an exalted sense of his importance to the project.,Word Study,8.
15、 heady a.,Try to translate the following phrases:,heady liqueur the heady news of triumph a heady outburst of anger a heady current heady tactics too heady to reason with,醉人的烈酒 振奋人心的获胜消息 猛一声怒喝 一股湍流 机敏的战术 太专横而无法与之理论,Word Study,vt. a. to convey in a hurried or rough manner b. to cause or urge to proce
16、ed quicklyc. to gain by energetic effortvi. to work or move energetically and rapidly,9. hustle,Examples: The police hustled the prisoner into a van. Mother hustled the children off to school lest they should be late. We hustled to get dinner ready on time.,Word Study,10. impediment,n. a. a fact or
17、event which makes action difficult or impossibleb. an organic defect preventing clear articulation,Examples: The main impediment to development is the countrys huge foreign debt. He has an impediment in speech. 他讲话口吃。,Synonyms,hinder hamper impede obstruct,block dam bar,To be continued on the next p
18、age.,Word Study,hinder: to hold back, as by delaying (implying stopping or prevention)The travelers were hindered by storms throughout their journey.,hamper: to hinder by or as if by fastening or entanglingA suit and an overcoat hampered the efforts of the accident victim to swim to safety.,impede:
19、to slow by making action or movement difficultSentiment and eloquence serve only to impede the pursuit of truth.,To be continued on the next page.,obstruct: implies the presence of obstacles that interfere with progress A building under construction obstructs our view of the mountains.,block: to com
20、plete obstruction that prevents progress, passage, or actionA huge snowdrift is blocking the entrance to the driveway.,dam: suggests obstruction of the flow, progress, or release of something, such as water or emotionThey dammed the brook to form a swimming pool.,bar: to prevent entry or exit or pro
21、hibit a course of actionMounted troops barred access to the presidential palace.,Word Study,Word Study,11. integrate,v. a. to make into a whole by bringing all parts together; to unifyb. to join with something else; unitedisintegrate: to become reduced to components, fragments, or particles Examples
22、: Many suggestions are needed to integrate the plan. The teachers are trying to integrate all the children into society. The extracted case was so old it just disintegrated when a worker picked it up.,Word formation,a. integrated 综合的，完整的,Word Study,12. musculara. a. of, relating to, or consisting of
23、 muscleb. having well-developed musclesc. having or suggesting great power; forceful or vigorous,Examples: a muscular build 一副强壮的体格muscular contraction 肌肉的收缩muscular advocacy groups 有力的拥护团体,Comparison,masculine 男性的，男子气概的， 语法 阳性的,13. proficienta. having or marked by an advanced degree of competence,
24、as in an art, vocation, profession, or branch of learningn. an expert; an adept,Word Study,Examples: A proficient surgeon is the product of lengthy training and experience. She is proficient at/in figure skating.,Synonyms,skillful skilled adept expert,14. stampedev. to (to cause to) flee in panic or
25、 to act on massimpulsen. a. a sudden frenzied or headlong rush or flightb. a mass impulsive action,Word Study,Examples: Rumors of a shortage stampeded people into buying up food.a herd of stampeding cattlea stampede of support for the candidate纷纷支持那个候选人,The end of Word Study.,Phrases and Expressions
26、,at the time do away with few and far between for (ones) money in the flesh lag behind,make for nothing but on occasion out of ones depth think well of stand by,List:,Phrases and Expressions,at a time at all times at one time at the time at times at the same time at the best of times,Please match th
27、e following phrases with their translations:,一度，曾经 在时候 尽管如此，同时 有时候 在最有利的时候 在任何时候，经常 那时候,1. at the time,Phrases and Expressions,2. do away with,Please translate the following sentences:,They have done away with corporal punishment in our school.The city has decided to do away with overhead wires.They
28、 agreed that privileges must be done away with.The robbers did away with their victims.It is about time all this obsolete machinery was done away with.,Translation,废除体罚 消除高架线 取消特权 干掉受害者 处理掉旧机器,Examples: In Nevada the towns are few and far between. Really exciting games are few and far between. Place
29、s where you can get water are few and far between in the desert.,3. few and far between,“far” phrases,Phrases and Expressions,To be continued on the next page.,“few” phrases,Phrases and Expressions,far,as far asby farfar and awayfar and nearfar and wideso far, so goodso far from,就而言；只要；一直走到最，得多无疑地（和
30、adj. adv.最高级连用）到处，四面八方到处，各处到目前为止，一切顺利。非但不，相反,To be continued on the next page.,Phrases and Expressions,few,no fewer thannot a fewquite a few (a good few)the few,有之多，至少有不少，相当多好些，相当多少数（有特殊要求的）人,Exercises,To be continued on the next page.,Phrases and Expressions,Please fill in the blanks with “far” and
31、 “few”phrases:,We searched _ for the missing child._; I hope we keep on with such good luck.He is _ the best-prepared candidate for the Presidency.They should be concentrated in one place _ this is reasonable.There were _ 500 people present._ readers wrote letters of commendation to the magazine._ t
32、aking my advice, he went and did just what I warned him against.,Keys,far and near/ far and wide So far, so good far and away as far as no fewer than Not a few So far from,4. for (ones) money,Phrases and Expressions,“money” phrases,To be continued on the next page.,according to ones opinion, choice,
33、 or preference 依照某人的意见、选择或偏好 Example:For my money, its not worth the trouble.,Phrases and Expressions,for love or money in the moneymoney to burnones moneys worth Put money on,I wouldnt give him my dog for love or money. After years of struggle and dependence, air transportation is in the money. Dic
34、ks uncle died and left him money to burn. It is a bit expensive, but you get your moneys worth. to put money on outcome of a race,Try to translate these sentences:,Keys,无论如何，不管以任何代价 非常有钱，有利可图 大量的钱 花钱值得 为打赌,in the person, present Examples:I have corresponded with him for some years,but I have never m
35、et him in the flesh.He is nicer in the flesh than in his photograph. flesh and blood:血肉之躯Those sorrows are more than flesh and blood can bear.The author doesnt give his characters any flesh and blood.逼真的形象 make ones flesh creep: 使人毛骨悚然His story made my flesh creep. thorn in the flesh: 肉中刺The guerril
36、la band was a thorn in the flesh of the invaders.,5. in the flesh,Phrases and Expressions,Phrases and Expressions,6. lag behind,to fail to keep up a pace; to straggle Examples:The elder people and children always lag behind when we go for a walk.Dont let a single classmate lag behind.He wondered dar
37、kly at how great a lag there was between his thinking and his actions. 他暗暗惊讶于自己在思想和行动上有如此大的差距。,7. make for,Phrases and Expressions,to have or cause to have a particular effect or result; to help promote; to go to a place or rush forward Examples:small details that make for comfortThoughtfulness make
38、s for closer relationships.This book makes for very enjoyable reading.The convoy made for the open sea.As soon as it started to rain we turned round and made for home.,Phrases and Expressions,8. nothing but,Examples:Dont have him for a friend: hes nothing but a criminal.He had nothing for supper but
39、 a little piece of cheese.Nothing but roses meets the eye.,“nothing” phrases,To be continued on the next page.,only, merely,Phrases and Expressions,nothing doing nothing if not nothing like nothing less than nothing more than nothing much nothing of the kind,毫无，决不 极其，极端 没有什么能比得上 不亚于，完全（强调其多、其大） 仅仅，只
40、不过（强调其少、其小） 非常少，没什么 哪里，不行,Examples,To be continued on the next page.,Phrases and Expressions,“Lets go for a boat ride!” “Nothing doing!”He was nothing if not clever.Theres nothing like a holiday to make one fell rested.Studying that lesson should take nothing like four hours.Thats nothing less than
41、a miracle. (=no less than)The drops didnt get very big, and the earth received nothing more than a drizzle. (=no more than)“Anything interesting happening?” No, nothing much.“Im sorry to cause you trouble.” “ My dear friend, its nothing of the kind.”,Phrases and Expressions,9. on occasion,Please tra
42、nslate the following sentences:,He talked about his his work on every occasion.She was invited to the Masters room on several occasions.On occasion, we feel like celebrating and have a party.On one occasion, he landed in a deserted car park.,Chinese,总是，不管什么时候 有几次 有时，遇必要时 曾经，有一次,Phrases and Expressio
43、ns,10. out of ones depth 水深过头；超越自己的能力；理解不了的,in depth 广泛地；彻底地a study in depth of the poemsexplore a subject in depthan in-depth study,Examples:Jack was not a good swimmer, add nearly drowned when he drifted out beyond his depth.I am out of my depth when it comes to natural science.,Phrases and Expres
44、sions,not think much of think better of sb. think better of sth. think highly of think well of think little of think poorly of think nothing of,看轻 对某人印象好；看重某人 改变念头；打消主意 看重；器重 重视 看轻；看不起 不放在眼里；轻视 轻视；认为无所谓；认为没什么了不起,11. think well of,Try to make some sentences with the phrases.,Phrases and Expressions,1
45、2. stand by,Examples:He stood by me through all my troubles.The police are standing by to control the crowd if it is necessary.You should always stand by your promises.You cant stand by and allow such a thing.,a. to remain uninvolved; to refrain from acting b. to remain loyal to; to aid or support c
46、. to keep or maintain d. to be ready or available to act,The end of Phrases and Expressions.,Word Building,List:,Prefixhind-Suffix -etteDerivative: orateSuffix -fer,Word Building,hindquarters,prefix,Prefixhind-,located at or forming the back or rear Examples:hindquarters n. 后腿，臀部hindlimb (hind legs
47、a.) n. (动物或昆虫的)后肢，下肢hindsight n.枪的表尺，后瞄准器；后见之明，事后聪明I now know with hindsight that I did him a terrible wrong. 我事后才明白我完全冤枉了他。hindmost a. 最后面的， 最后部的,a. small; diminutive 表示小的，小型的 b. female 表示女性的 c. an imitation or inferior kind of cloth 表示仿造品或衣料质地较差的 a. kitchenette 小厨房 novelette 中或短篇 luncheonette 小餐馆
48、launderette 自动洗衣店 b. usherette 女引座员 drum majorette 鼓乐bachelorette 未婚女子 c. leatherette 人造革,suffix-ette,Word Building,statuette,Word Building,oratory,orate v. to speak in a formal, pompous manner oration n. a formal speech, especially one given on a ceremonial occasion; a speech delivered in a high-fl
49、own or pompous manner orator n. one who delivers an oration; an eloquent and skilled public speaker oratory n. the art of public speaking; eloquence or skill in making speeches to the public; public speaking marked by the use of overblown rhetoric,Word Building,-fer：from Latin: ferre = to carry 携带 fertile 肥沃的，多产的 afferent 传入的 defer 推迟，延期，听从，服从 proffer 提供 efferent 传出的，输出管 infer 推断 offer, differ, refer, suffer, transfer, prefer,
