1、TRANSLATION CET4 (词性转换),9/25/2018,翻译技巧,词性转换,词性转换是指在翻译中保持原文内容不变的前提下,改变原文某些词的词性,以求译文通顺自然合乎译入语的表达习惯。据统计,一篇译作中,词性转化占到了翻译的30%-50%左右。,9/25/2018,一.什么是词性转换,词性转换:在翻译中保持原文内容不变的前提下,改变原文某些词的词性,以求译文通顺自然合乎译入语的表达习惯。 据统计,一篇译作中,词性转化占到了翻译的30%-50%左右。,9/25/2018,二. 转换技巧,汉语:短句密集,动词使用频率较高。英语:往往只使用一个实义动词来表达最 主要的动作含义,其它的动作含
2、义通常借助含有动作含义的动词不定式,分词,名词,形容词,介词,副词等来表达。,9/25/2018,请同学们体会一下吧!,1.你叫我来给你干活! I come here at your request to do the job. 2.他们说笑着走出了机场。 Talking and laughing, they went out the airport. 3.是谁鼓动你敢这样的坏事的? Who instigated you to do such evil things? 4.我们选他当班长。 We elected him our monitor. 5.我们必须保持宿舍整洁干净。 We must
3、keep our dormitory clean and tidy.,9/25/2018,2.词性转换技巧,1) 汉语动词的转换汉语动词的使用频率远远高于英语。这是因为按照英语句法,受主谓关系的限制,一个简单句或分句大多只有一个谓语动词。而且,英语还可以通过谓语动词以外各种词性的词来体现动词意义。因此将汉语句子里的动词转换为英语里其他词性的词是翻译中的常用技巧之一。,9/25/2018,1.汉语动词的转换,例1 汉语动词=英语名词 这本书反映了30年代的中国社会。 The book is a reflection of Chinese society in the 1930s. 例2 汉语动词
4、=形容词 他们不满足于现有的成就。 They were not content with their present achievements.,9/25/2018,例3 汉语动词=英语副词 我想男孩与女孩的思维方式不同。 I suppose boys think differently from girls. 例4 汉语动词=英语介词 你赞成还是反对这项计划? Are you for or against the plan?,1.汉语动词的转换,9/25/2018,2)汉语名词的转换英语中有很多由名词派生的动词,以及由名词转用的副词,形容词等。在汉译英时,汉语中的名词常常可以产生一些转换,从
5、而更简洁有力地表达原文。,2.汉语名词的转换,9/25/2018,例5 汉语名词=英语副词 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。 They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.例6 汉语名词=英语形容词 钢的含炭量越高,强度和硬度就越大。 The more carbon the steel contains, the harder and stronger it is.,2.汉语名词的转换,9/25/2018,例7 汉语名词=英语副词这就是你不对的地方。This is where you are wrong. 例8 汉语名词=英语动词我
6、的体重比过去轻了。I weigh less than I used to.,2.汉语名词的转换,9/25/2018,3.汉语形容词的转换,3) 汉语形容词的转换在汉译英时,汉语的形容词往往可以译成英语中的名词或副词。这些名词或副词通常具有抽象意义,而且往往由某些形容词派生而来。,9/25/2018,例9 汉语形容词=英语名词 我们感到,解决这个复杂的问题是困难的。 We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. 例10汉语形容词=英语副词 有时候我们不得不为错误付出昂贵的代价。 Sometimes we have to pay
7、dearly for mistakes.,3.汉语形容词的转换,9/25/2018,4.汉语副词的转换,4)汉语副词的转换有时出于修辞和句法结构的需要,往往把汉语中的副词用英语其他词性的词来表达,这也是翻译中的一个常用技巧。,9/25/2018,4.汉语副词的转换,例11 汉语副词=英语名词 独立思考对学习是绝对必需的。 Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.例12 汉语副词=英语形容词 他以前经常来。 He was a regular visitor.,9/25/2018,例13 汉语副词=英语动词 我成功地说服了他。
8、I succeeded in persuading him.,4.汉语副词的转换,9/25/2018,和平发展,中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路,是基于中国国情的必然选择。1840年鸦片战争以后的100多年里,中国受尽了列强的欺辱。消除战争,实现和平,建设独立富强、民生幸福的国家,是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。今天中国虽然取得了巨大地发展成就,但人口众多,底子薄,发展不平衡,仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。推动经济社会发展,不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。坚持走和平发展道路,是中国实现国家富强、人民幸福的必由之路。,9/25/2018,Peaceful Development,Chin
9、as adherence to peaceful development is an inevitable choice based on the countrys national condition. In the 100-plus years after the Opium War in 1840, China suffered great humiliation at the hands of the worlds great powers. The elimination of wars, the maintenance of peace and the establishment
10、of an independent and prosperous of country of happy citizens is the ultimate goal of the Chinese people in modern times. Despite tremendous growth in modern China, the country is still the largest developing country in the world, with a large population, a weak economic foundation and rather uneven
11、 development. The promotion of socio-economic development and continuous improvement of personal livelihood have been the major focus of China. Peaceful development is the only way to achieve prosperity for China and happiness for its people.,9/25/2018,1.中国坚定不移地走和平发展道路,是基于中国国情的必然选择。 Chinas adherence
12、 to peaceful development is an inevitable choice based on the countrys national condition.,主语-名词短语,动词-名词,9/25/2018,2.1840年鸦片战争以后的100多年里,中国受尽了列强的欺辱。 In the 100-plus years after the Opium War in 1840, China suffered great humiliation at the hands of the worlds great powers.,9/25/2018,3.消除战争,实现和平,建设独立富
13、强、民生幸福的国家,是近代以来中国人民孜孜以求的奋斗目标。 The elimination of wars, the maintenance of peace and the establishment of an independent and prosperous of country of happy citizens is the ultimate goal of the Chinese people in modern times.,主语-动词-名词短语,9/25/2018,4.今天中国虽然取得了巨大地发展成就,但人口众多,底子薄,发展不平衡,仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家。 Desp
14、ite tremendous growth in modern China, the country is still the largest developing country in the world, with a large population, a weak economic foundation and rather uneven development.,9/25/2018,5.推动经济社会发展,不断改善人民生活始终是中国的中心任务。 The promotion of socio-economic development and continuous improvement
15、of personal livelihood have been the major focus of China.,9/25/2018,6.坚持走和平发展道路,是中国实现国家富强、人民幸福的必由之路。 Peaceful development is the only way to achieve prosperity for China and happiness for its people.,9/25/2018,三.转换练习,1.I replied to her that _(我将会接受她的邀请).2.She was angry with her husband ,so _ (她不理不睬
16、)when he spoke to her3.How could we get news in our own society or abroad _ (没有报纸的话)?4.The latest census shows that Chinas population _ (已超过10亿)5.We have had ten recorders ,but we still need _(需要这么多)as again.,9/25/2018,1. I would accept her invitation解析:本题考点一是时态的一致。由于前半句时态是replied,因此“将要”应译为would。本题考
17、点二是“接受”的英文表达。accept和receive都有表示接受的意思。receive指客观已经发生的情况。它只表明事实上收到某物而不管接受者主观上是否愿意接受。如:My father received a letter this morning. 而accept带有主动或赞许的意味,表示不但收下某物,而且内心也同意接受。如:Please accept my little present.下面这句话可以帮助大家分清两个词的使用域:He received an invitation yesterday but he did not accept it.(他昨天收到一份邀请,但却没有接受。),9
18、/25/2018,2. she ignored him解析:由句意可知,她是对丈夫生气了,因而丈夫和她说话时她不予理睬。本题要注意ignore和neglect在含义上的差别。Ignore是故意不理睬别人,而neglect是表示疏忽(责任等),并非故意,常和to连用,如:Dont neglect to lock the door.,9/25/2018,3. without newspaper解析:本句是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句,虚拟语气句并不一定全部要用if条件句引导。很多情况下,一些介词或介词短语,副词短语的出现要求整个句子使用虚拟语气。without就是其中之一。如:I couldnt
19、 have passed this exam without your help.(没有你的帮助,我不可能通过这次考试。)这句话用if条件句来表达就是I couldnt have passed this exam if I hadnt had your help. 除了without外,英语里还有很多这样的词或短语是虚拟语气标志词。如:as if,as though,lest,for fear that,in case,even if,even though,in order that,so that,大家在复习虚拟语气语法点的时候要注意总结。,9/25/2018,4. has exceeded one billion 解析:本句意为:据最新的人口普查,中国人口已超过10亿。本题一是要正确写出数字“10亿”,二是要正确选词“超过”,三是要注意完成时态。,9/25/2018,5. as many 解析:本题考查倍数对等的正确说法,可以用“ as adj. as”的结构。本句意为:我们已经有10台录音机了,但是我们还需要10台。,动词时态 COMMING SOON,