1、论如何做好液化石油气泄露处置工作保障人们的生命财产安全摘 要：本文首先对液化石油气易泄漏部位进行分析，详细论述处置泄漏事故的技术防范措施和相应对策，以河南油田五一社区中心液化气站为例，对液化石油气储罐泄漏事故中运用的倒罐和高压注水抢险技术的原理、适用情形及注意事项进行阐述。Pick to: this paper first analysis of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) easy to leak, the leakage accident is discussed in detail the technical measures and the corres
2、ponding countermeasures, with 51 community center liquefied petroleum gas station of henan oilfield as an example, the use of liquefied petroleum gas tank leak accident of the tank and the principle of high pressure water flooding emergency rescue technology, elaborates the applicable situation and
3、matters needing attention. 关键词：液化石油气 泄漏 堵漏 倒罐 注水Keywords: liquefied petroleum gas leak tank affusion 一、前言One, foreword 液化石油气具有易燃易爆、易蒸发、热膨胀性等危险特性，在生产、运输、储存容量较大的储罐区储存过程中一旦泄漏，极易导致燃烧爆炸、中毒事故，甚至引发恶性http:/ http:/ 年 3 月 5 日，西安液化石油气公司发生的液化石油气无控泄漏火灾爆炸事故就是一个典型例证。因此，有必要针对液化石油气可能出现泄漏的不同情况及其危险性特性进行分析，并讨论相应的对策。Liq
4、uefied petroleum gas is inflammable and explosive dangerous properties such as, easy to evaporate, thermal expansion, in production, transportation, storage capacity of the larger storage once leak during the process of storage tank area, easy to cause combustion explosion and poisoning accidents, a
5、nd even cause malignant environmental pollution accident. On March 5, 1998, xi an company liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) no accused of leaking of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) fire explosion accident is a typical example. Therefore, it is necessary according to the different condition of liquefied pe
6、troleum gas leakage may occur and its characteristics were analyzed, and the risk and discuss corresponding countermeasures. 二、液化气易泄漏部位Second, liquefied gas leak 一是管道法兰、阀门等连接密封部位失效或泄漏。液化石油气储存系统中蒸汽压力高，对法兰橡胶密封件的溶胀性强，因此较容易出现泄漏；密封垫片老化、开裂等破损或http:/ http:/ pipe flange, valve, etc. Connecting sealing parts
7、 failure or leakage. High pressure of steam, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage systems for swelling of the flange rubber seals, so more prone to leakage; Sealing gasket damaged aging, cracking and other uneven or bolts are prone to leakage. 二是管线泄漏。由于集中应力的作用，各种接口、焊缝处较容易出现泄漏。气相管泄漏泄漏量要少一些，如果是液相管泄漏，
8、则泄漏量较大。Second, the pipeline leakage. Due to the role of stress concentration, various interfaces, seam is prone to leakage. Gas pipe leakage leakage quantity is less, if it is a liquid pipe leakage and the leakage is larger. 三是罐底及罐底阀件腐蚀泄漏。液化气中含有水分，长期贮存时，水分会逐渐积累下沉，积聚在储罐的下部，在罐底水层的作用下，罐底及罐底阀件的腐蚀比其它部位严重
9、，容易出现泄漏。Third, and valve at the tank bottom corrosion leakage at the tank bottom. Liquefied gas contained moisture, long-term storage, moisture will accumulate gradually sinking, accumulate in the bottom of the tank, the tank bottom under the action of water, http:/ http:/ tank bottom valve at the t
10、ank bottom corrosion than other parts of the serious, prone to leakage. 四是罐体泄漏。因储罐超装或超压，或受高温烘烤急剧增压而开裂泄漏 ，这种泄漏量大、扩散快，危险性大。Fourth, tank leakage. Super pack or overpressure due to tank, or the sharp pressurization and cracking leakage, high temperature baking this large amount of leakage and diffusion
11、is fast, big risk. 三、泄漏处置Three, leakage treatment （一）堵漏排险(a) collision zone 首先，可以根据泄露部位不同，采取相应堵漏方法。管道、阀门泄漏或罐体孔洞型泄漏，在无法关闭阀门的情况下，采取管道内封式、外封式、捆绑式充气堵漏工具堵漏，或用金属螺钉加粘合剂旋拧，或利用木楔、硬质橡胶塞封堵。因螺栓松动引起法兰泄漏时，应紧固螺栓，制止泄漏。若法兰垫圈老化导致带压泄漏，可利用专用法兰夹具，并在螺栓间钻孔高压注射密封胶堵漏。罐壁脆裂或外力作用造成罐体撕裂时，可利用专用的捆绑紧固和空心橡胶塞加压充气器具塞堵的措施。在不能有效制止泄漏时，采
12、取疏导的方法将其导入其它容器或储罐。http:/ http:/ of all, can be different according to the leaked parts, adopt corresponding plugging method. Pipes, valves leak or tanks leaking hole type, in the case of unable to close the valve, the pipeline photosensitive type, WaiFeng type, bundled inflatable plugging, plugging
13、tool or with metal spiral twist screws with binder, plugging or wedge, hard rubber. Flange leakage caused by bolts loose, tighten bolts, stop the leak. If flange gasket aging cause leakage, can use special flange clamp, and between bolt hole high-pressure injecting sealant plugging. Embrittlement or
14、 external force tanks tank wall tear, can use a dedicated bundled fastening and hollow rubber plug pressurized gas appliance plug plugging measures. When cant effectively stop the leak, adopt persuation method import it into other containers or tanks. 其次，根据泄漏点缺口形状决定堵漏材料。缺口为圆形时，可用尖木料堵塞。泄漏口为较长的带状时，应选择
15、棉被、石棉被、加压气垫或汽车橡胶内胎等较平展的物品作垫，用安全绳、铜丝，石棉绳等加固，再给加压气垫或汽车橡胶内胎充气的方法堵漏。泄漏点为环状时，可用石棉绳、棉布条等进行缠绕堵漏。泄漏点为不规则的形状时，可用密封胶填塞，再用绷带、石棉绳加固的方法进行堵漏。Secondly, according to the leak hole shape decided to plugging http:/ http:/ Gap is circular, available pointed wood block. Spill mouth for a long ribbon, should choose quil
16、ts, asbestos, pressurized air cushion or items of automobile rubber inner tube is relatively flat pad, use the safety rope, copper wire, asbestos rope, such as give pressurized air or car rubber inflatable inner tube plugging. Ring for leak, wound plugging by asbestos rope, cotton, etc. Leak of irre
17、gular shape, available sealant caulking, reoccupy bandage, asbestos rope reinforcement method for leakage. （二）倒罐(2) tank 运用倒罐手段降低燃烧罐液面，因此当罐内液面较高时，在条件允许的情况下，可采取倒罐措施来降低燃烧罐液面。倒罐适用于储罐顶部或罐体上部的第一道阀门、法兰、丝扣、焊缝发生无控泄漏。Using pot means lower combustion cans of liquid level, so when the tank level is higher, in
18、conditions allow, pour pot measures can be taken to reduce burning tank liquid level. It can apply in the upper tank and tank top or as a first line of the valve, flange, threaded, weld without control leakage occurred. 倒罐的方法有液压泵外压倒液和烃泵倒液两种方法。使用烃泵倒液，不需要准备时间，倒液快时间短，一个 10http:/ http:/ 18 分钟，而用压缩机外压需 3
19、0 分钟。而采用压缩机外压倒液，见效慢、时间长、危险大。Pour can has method of hydraulic pump down outside fluid and hydrocarbon pump fluid in two ways. Use pour liquid hydrocarbon pump, do not need time to prepare, pour liquid fast time is short, a 10 cubic meters of storage tanks, using pour liquid hydrocarbon pump need to 1
20、8 minutes, with external pressure compressor need 30 minutes. And outside compressor over liquid, effective slow, time is long, risk is big. 利用烃泵倒罐，即用泵将燃烧罐液相气抽出，输转到其它罐。倒罐注意事项：进行倒罐抢险作业时能否顺利将事故罐内液化气倒入事故备用罐、导入时间的长短，取决于两者之间的压差，所以备用罐平时不能盛装液化石油气。此外启动压缩机抽取事故罐的气体降低事故罐的压力时，升压后的气体不能注入事故罐内，这样只能加快泄漏点处液化石油气的快速泄漏
21、而不利于堵漏抢险。倒罐完毕后，应采用较强射流，长时间地向罐内注入大量水，彻底稀释残液和余气。Using hydrocarbon pump tank, which is, extract burning tank liquid gas pump, ShuZhuan to other tank. Note: pour tank to pour can combine the accident rescue operations can be http:/ http:/ tank of liquefied gas emergency tank, import, the length of time,
22、 depending on the pressure difference between the two, so the spare tank at ordinary times cant holding liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Also start the compressor extraction tank of gas accident when tank pressure, reduce accident after booster cannot inject gas tank, so can only speed up the leakage
23、point of liquefied petroleum gas leakage quickly and go against flood protection and emergency. Fall after the tank, should use stronger jet, a long time to inject a large number of water tank, thoroughly dilute the residual liquid and gas. （三）注水(3) the water injection 注水原理：液化气储罐底部或从储罐底部引出的液相管及阀门发生泄
24、漏时，利用液相液化气比水轻且与水不相溶的性质(液相液化气的比重是水的 0.50.6 倍)，向储罐内注入一定数量的水，在罐内底部形成水垫层，使泄露处向外泄漏的是水，而不再是液化气，中毒、冻伤和燃烧爆炸的危险性均大大降低，在这样相对安全的抢修环境中，抢险人员可按照事故应急方案的操作程序堵漏，堵漏的难度也大大降低。Injection principle: liquefied petroleum gas or liquid from the tank at the bottom of the tube at the bottom of the tank and valve http:/ http:/
25、use liquid gas than the nature of light and water dont mix with water (liquid gas proportion is 0.5 0.6 times that of water), to inject a certain amount of water in the tank, the water cushion layer forms at the bottom of the tank, the leaks is outward leakage of water, instead of liquefied petroleu
26、m gas, poisoning, and the risk of frostbite and combustion explosion are greatly reduced, in such a relatively safe repair environment, emergency rescue personnel can according to the operation procedures of the accident emergency plan plugging, plugging the difficulty is also greatly reduced. 根据罐内液
27、位情况（泄漏点低于液面且罐内的液位较高时）改通流程，开启强自吸消防泵给水加压至 8.0Mpa 向罐内注水，而外界温度为常温时，液化石油气储罐内的饱和蒸汽压为 1.5Mpa 以下，因此用强自吸消防泵完全可以将高压水流注入储罐，并将储罐内的液化石油气顶起并从储罐顶部的回流管排出后，流入事故备用罐。同时启动液化气循环压缩机抽取事故罐的气体，降低事故罐压力以利注水。According to the situation of tank liquid level (below the liquid level and liquid level of tank leakage point high) cha
28、nge process, open strong self-priming fire pump water supply pressure 8.0 Mpa to the pot with water, and ambient temperature as room temperature, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage tank below http:/ http:/ saturation vapor pressure is 1.5 Mpa, so with a strong self-priming fire pump can be high p
29、ressure water injection tank completely, and the storage tank of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from tank at the top of the reflux pipe jacking and after discharge, flow into the accident spare cans. At the same time start the liquefied gas recycle compressor extraction tank of gas, reduce the pressu
30、re tank and water injection. 注意事项：高压注水技术工艺操作简便，但是因注水管线直接与液化石油气管线连接，管线、阀门的设计压力、材质、消防水泵的参数选择非常重要。各种参数的压力等级必须与液化石油气管道的压力等级一致，而不能选用水管线的压力等级。要控制好注水量，所注水的体积加上液相液化气的体积应小于储罐容积的 90%，即：注入水的体积(m3)+ 原有液化气的液相体积(m3)0.9 贮罐的容积(m3) 。Note: high pressure water injection technology is simple, but directly from a water
31、injection pipeline connected with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) pipeline, pipeline, valve design pressure, material quality, the parameters of the fire pump selection is very important. Various parameters of pressure level must be consistent with liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) pipeline pressure level
32、, rather than choose water piping stress level. To control water injection well, water injection volume and the volume of http:/ http:/ phase LPG should be less than 90% of the tank volume, i.e., the injected water volume (m3) + original liquid gas liquid volume (m3) 0.9 storage tank volume (m3). 四、
33、结论Four, conclusion 堵漏、倒罐、注水三项液化气泄漏处置技术在液化石油气储罐泄漏事故中的应用意义重大，可有效避免火灾、爆炸及环境污染事故，而且液化石油气泄漏处置技术对于如汽油、柴油、丁二烯等与液化石油气类似物理性质的轻组分有机液体燃料储罐泄漏的抢险同样适用，这种技术措施可以用在其他化工燃料储存设备上，加以推广应用。Three liquefied gas leak plugging, it cans, water injection disposal technology in the application of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) st
34、orage tank leakage accident is of great significance, which can effectively avoid fire, explosion and environment pollution accident, and liquefied petroleum gas disposal technologies such as gasoline, diesel, butadiene and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) similar to the physical properties of organic liquid fuel tank leak emergency light component also apply, this technique can be used in other chemical fuel storage device, popularization and application.
