1、Ted Hughes (1930-1998),Ted Hughes is consistently described as one of the 20th centurys greatest English poets. Born August 17th, 1930 in Mytholmroyd, Yorkshire(约克郡英格兰东北的一郡), his family moved to Mexborough when he was 7 to run a newspaper and tobacco(烟草) shop. He wrote his first poem from the age of
2、 15, some of which made their way into the school magazine.,Before beginning English studies at Cambridge University (having won a scholarship in 1948), he spent much of his National service time reading and rereading all of Shakespeare. According to report, he could recite it all by heart.,At Cambr
3、idge, he spent most time reading folklore(民间传说) and Yeats poems, and switched from English to Archaeology(考古学) and Anthropology(人类学) in his third year.Hughes first book of poems, Hawk in the Rain, was published in 1957 to immediate acclaim(称赞；欢呼，喝彩), winning the Harper publication contest. Over the
4、next 41 years, he would write upwards of 90 books, and win numerous prizes and fellowships.,In 1984, he was appointed Englands poet laureate(桂冠诗人). Hughes is what some have called a nature poet. A keen(敏锐的) countryman and hunter from a young age, he viewed writing poems as a continuation of his earl
5、ier passion. This is hunting and the poem is a new species of creature, a new specimen(标本；样品) of the life outside your own.,Hughes earlier poetic work is rooted in nature and, in particular, the innocent savagery of animals, an interest from an early age. He wrote frequently of the mixture of beauty
6、 and violence in the natural world. Animals serve as a metaphor for his view on life: animals live out a struggle for the survival of the fittest in the same way that humans strive for ascendancy(优势，支配地位 ) and success.,Hawk Roosting Ted Hughes,I sit in the top of the wood, my eyes closed. Inaction,
7、no falsifying dream Between my hooked head and hooked feet: Or in sleep rehearse perfect kills and eat. The convenience of the high trees! The airs buoyancy and the suns ray Are of advantage to me; And the earths face upward for my inspection.,My feet are locked upon the rough bark. It took the whol
8、e of Creation To produce my foot, my each feather: Now I hold Creation in my foot Or fly up, and revolve it all slowly - I kill where I please because it is all mine. There is no sophistry in my body: My manners are tearing off heads -,The allotment of death. For the one path of my flight is direct
9、Through the bones of the living. No arguments assert my right: The sun is behind me. Nothing has changed since I began. My eye has permitted no change. I am going to keep things like this.,栖息的鹰,我坐在树的顶端，把眼睛闭上。一动也不动，在我弯弯的脑袋和弯弯的脚爪间没有弄虚作假的梦：也不在睡眠中排演完美的捕杀或吃什么。高高的树真够方便的！空气的畅通，太阳的光芒都对我有利；地球的脸朝上，任我察看。我的双脚钉在
10、粗粝的树皮上。真得用整个造化之力才能生我这只脚、我的每根羽毛：如今我的脚控制着天地,或者飞上去，慢悠悠地旋转它 我高兴时就捕杀，因为一切都是我的。 我躯体里并无奥秘： 我的举止就是把别个的脑袋撕下来分配死亡。 因为我飞翔的一条路线是直接 穿过生物的骨骼。 我的权利无须论证：太阳就在我背后。 我开始以来，什么也不曾改变。 我的眼睛不允许改变。 我打算让世界就这样子下去。 （袁可嘉 译）,栖息的鹰我坐在树林的最高点，闭着双眼。 一动不动。从我钩状的头到我钩状的双爪， 没有虚无的梦： 在睡眠中，也不去演习完美的捕杀和吞食。这些高高的树木带给我的便利！ 空气的浮力和太阳的光线 都对我有利 大地面孔朝上
11、，等着我的检阅我的双爪固定在粗糙的树皮上。 上天极尽造物之能事 才创造出我的爪子和每一根羽毛 而今我把万物握于爪中,或者凌空飞起，将这一切慢慢地转动 只要我高兴，我可以随处捕杀，因为这一切都属于我 我的体内没有任何诡辩： 我的习惯是撕掉那些头颅死亡的恩典。 我飞行的路线只有一条，直接 贯穿那些生灵的骨骼。 我的权利无须论证：太阳就在我的身后。 自从我出现，就没有任何改变。 我的眼睛不允许任何改变。 我要让一切就这样保持下去。张文武/译,Typical of Hughes of his dramatic monologue spoken by an animal.In this poem, Hu
12、ghes writes in the imagined voice of a hawk.The hawk, in other words, is personified.The hawks tone of voice is proud, arrogant, he thinks of himself as master of his world. Indeed, like a God, he has power over life and death. His whole life is spent either being in sleep or hunting for prey. And e
13、ven when he is asleep he dreams of mastering his hunting and killing technique.In other words then, unlike humans, the bird is free of rules and regulations, it does not have to justify itself to anything or anyone.,The analysis of the poem,Features: 1.The language： Language direct and powerful, mor
14、e sophisticated and elegant / in a formal way / to suit the character of hawk as a kingly creature2.The title: Hawk Roosting 栖息的鹰3.No traditional metrical verse, neither the free verse, but a mixture of the semi-lattice poem, and semi-free verse.,This is a complex poem and there are many possible in
15、terpretations.,Some people think that Hughes is: 1.Praising the bird, its single-minded determination and its freedom. 2.Neutral(中立) about the bird, and just describing it objectively. 3.Using the bird as a metaphor for the extreme state of mind of a potential human killer. e.g. WWII,My Interpretati
16、ons,1. The hawk in the poem is very arrogant , proud and cruel, but it is also very frank and not hypocrisy at all. The hawk is very practical and dont do the unrealistic things. 3. The relationship between the human and the nature. We should respect the nature.,Do you love it?,May you have a nice w
17、eekend!,buoyancy n. 浮力；（物体在液体里的）浮性sophistry n.诡辩术； 诡辩 allotment n.分配； 分配物； 养家费； 命运,约克郡多山地和沼泽, 气候阴冷多雨雪, 是勃朗特姐妹的故乡, 也是小说呼啸山庄(Wuthering Heights)的背景地。休斯身材瘦髙, 皮肤黝黑, 喜欢穿黑衣服, 因而被人称为 希斯克里夫 (Heathcliff 呼啸山庄中的男主角) 。这生活环境造就了休斯像希斯克里夫一样粗犷刚强、桀骜不逊的性格和对大自然的痴迷。出于对自然的热爱, 休斯大学毕业后的两年中曾做过园林工、教师和动物园饲养员, 从而进一步密切了他与自然的关系。,
