1、12016考研英语二真题及详细解析Section 1 Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research
2、suggests that happiness might influence_1_firms work, too.Companies located in places with happier people invest more, according to a recent research paper._2_, firms in happy places spend more on R it is that one is actually inclined to interruption”. Deep reading requires not just time, but a spec
3、ial kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient.In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress towa
4、rd some goal immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles
5、along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-10sized bottles (days, hours, minutes）as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them”. No mind-set could be worse for
6、losing yourself in a book.So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside times flow” into “soul time”. You could limit distractions by read
7、ing only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good d
8、ay, it no longer feels as if youre “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time for everything else.31. The usual time-management techniques dont work because A what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC what people often forge
9、t is carrying a book with themD what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed32. The “empty bottles” metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to A update their to-do listsB make passing time fulfillingC carry their plans throughD pursue carefree reading33. Eberle would agree that schedulin
10、g regular times for reading helps A encourage the efficiency mind-setB develop online reading habitsC promote ritualistic readingD achieve immersive reading34. “Carry a book with you at all times” can work if A reading becomes your primary business of the dayB all the daily business has been promptl
11、y dealt withC you are able to drop back to business after readingD time can be evenly split for reading and business35. The best title for this text could be A How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB How to Find Time to ReadC How to Set Reading GoalsD How to Read Extensively31 答案 D what deep reading requires can
12、not be guaranteed.解析：因果细节题。题干指出：传统的时间管理方法不起作用的原因是什么。根据题干定位到第二段首句指出 the usual time-management techniques dont seem sufficient，是题干的同义替换，但要找原因。整段都在分析过程环节，最终原因必然在该段末句提到。直接定位到该段末句，指出深入阅读不仅需要时间，而且是一种仅仅通过有效无法获得的一种时间。结合选项 D，深入阅读所需的无法得到确保，是原文末句的同义替换。32 答案 B make passing time fulfilling11解析：题干问的是“empty bottle
13、s”暗喻证明了人们在做什么方面有压力，empty bottles 直接可以在文中 Gary Eberle 所说的话中找到：“The future comes at us like empty bottles”。其所说的话证明的目的必然是为了说明前一句的观点。因此，该题定位到三段“try to slotbut not the most fulfilling kind”，该句就指出：只会处理目标集中的阅读，这是有用的，但不是最有满足感的。结合选项 B 使流逝的时间更有满足感，是原文的同义替换。33 答案 D achieve immersive reading 解析：文中人物观点题，注意区分文中人物
14、观点和作者观点。题干问的是 Eberle 赞同为阅读设定规定性时间帮助什么。根据题干精确定位到第四段第二句：“Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Einto soul time”，意思是你会认为这可以提升效率性思维设定，但实际上这些行为帮助我们跨入到灵魂阅读时间。对应选项 D，获得深入阅读，属于同义替换。34 答案 A reading becomes your primary business of the day解析：细节题。题干指出：总是带一本书会起作用如果怎么样。根据题干定位到末段中间部分“ca
15、rry a book with you at all times can actually work, too so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business.”，意思是这样的话阅读就成为默认状态，偶尔会出来管理工作（注意 business 并非默认状态，非主要事情）。对应选项 A 阅读成为每天的主要任务，是该句的同义替换。35 答案 B How to Find Time to Read解析：标题题，即全文中心主旨。通过题干，可发现题干关键
16、词中 time 复现多次，因此可确定 time 为全文的主题词。整篇文章都围绕阅读时间来展开，因此正确答案为 A 如何寻找阅读时间。Text 4Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found.Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many
17、 of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it.You
18、ng people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that cou
19、ples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outside the home, the survey found.From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, thos
20、e just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics.Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they belie
21、ve it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” 12face a
22、 tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing.Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working
23、 steadily, he said.” I cant afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to mark that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “
24、I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnt have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I dont think people are capable of that anymore.”36. One cross-generation mark of a successful life is_. A trying out different lifestylesB having a family with childrenC working beyond retir
25、ement ageD setting up a profitable business37. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to _. A favor a slower life paceB hold an occupation longerC attach importance to pre-marital financeD give priority to childcare outside the home38. The priorities and expectations defined by th
26、e young will _. A become increasingly clearB focus on materialistic issuesC depend largely on political preferencesD reach almost all aspects of American life39. Both young and old agree that _.A good-paying jobs are less availableB the old made more life achievementsC housing loans today are easy t
27、o obtainD getting established is harder for the young40. Which of the following is true about Schneider？A He found a dream job after graduating from college.B His parents believe working steadily is a must for success.C His parents good life has little to do with a college degree.D He thinks his job
28、 as a technician quite challenging.36 答案 B having a family with children解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段第一句 Across generational lines,including getting married, having children即成功的标志包括结婚生子，故而正确选项是 B having a family with children.37 答案 C attach importance to pre-marital finance解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第三段第一句 Young peo
29、pleto agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children即年轻人认为夫妻在结婚前或者生小孩前应该在经济上是稳定的，故而 C attach importance to pre-marital finance 为正确答案。38 答案 D reach almost all aspects of American life13解析：此题是细节题。根据关键词定位到第四段第一句those just startingwill increasingly spread throu
30、gh virtually all aspects 即这些期待即将渗透到美国生活的各个方面，故而 D reach almost all aspects of American life 为正确答案。39 答案 D getting established is harder for the young解析：此题是文中人物观点题。根据关键词定位到第五段第一句it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. 即与年长者相比，现如今的年轻人维持生计更加困难，故而
31、D getting established is harder for the young 为正确答案。40 答案 C His parents good life has little to do with a college degree.解析：此题是正误判断题。根据关键词定位到第六段第五句 Looking backhis parents could provide a comfortable life for the children even though neither had completed college when he was young.即父母即便没有上过大学但仍旧可以为孩
32、子提供舒适的生活，故而 His parents good life has little to do with a college degree.为正确答案。Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need
33、 to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.ABe sillyBHave funCExpress your emotionsDDont overthink itEBe easily pleasedFNotice thingsGAsk for helpAs adults,it seems that we are constantly pursuing happiness,often with mixed results.Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most pa
34、rt they dont need self-help books or therapy.instead,they look after their wellbeing instinctively,and usually more effectively than we do as grownups.Perhaps its time to learn a few lessons from them.41._What does a child do when hes sad? He cries.When hes angry?He shouts.Scared?Probably a bit of b
35、oth.As we grow up,we learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and dont dictate our behaviours,which is in many ways a good thing.But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions,especially negative ones.thats about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet an
36、d can even make us ill.What we need to do is find a way to acknowledge and express what we feel appropriately, and then-again like children-move.1442._A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was nine years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a
37、fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldnt stop talking about it.Too often we believe that a new job,bigger house or better car will be the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content,but the reality is these things have very little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, bei
38、ng grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing.43._Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies , increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood
39、 flow to our hearts and even have a greater chance of fighting off enfection. All of which, of course, have a positive effect on happiness levels.44._The problem with being a grown up is that theres an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work,mortgage payments,figuring out what to cook for dinne
40、r. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and its important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love.Those things might be social,sporting,creative or completely random(dancing aroud the living room,anyone?)-it doesnt matter,so long as theyre enjoy
41、able, and not likely to have negative side effects,such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree if youre on a tight budget.45._Having said all of the above, its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy.Scientists tell us this can backfire and actually have a
42、negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said:“Happiness is the absence of striving for happiness.“And in that,once more,we need to look to the example of our children,to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural by product of the way they live.意料之
43、中的小标题。首先明确 7 个选项的意思。首先应当把握本文的出发点，也就是 41 题目之前的关键句：我们应该从孩子身上学习一些东西。“捉住本中心，每个标题都是提醒成人可以从孩子身上得到一些启示。41. C 表达情感。开头以问句的方式：“ 孩子悲伤时会怎样？孩子生气时会如何？他们的表达方式与大人不同，成人更多会选择压抑情感，并且会有不好的后果，比如致病。紧接着最后一句算是总结句：我们要找到一种合适的方式表达，像孩子那样。重点在哪里？整段不离的中心意思，重复的出现那就是情感的表达喽。选项为 C42.E 举例子的目的无非是为了证明观点。但是从例子也是可以总结出想要表达的意思的。讲到一个小女孩因为一个廉
44、价的圣诞礼物就可以高兴，并且很快乐，就旨在讲小小的幸福。再来看看例子后面的观点。提到成人的世界里所谓的车啊，房啊之类的貌似会让我们 幸福的东西其实不然。所以一个 instead 直接把本段的中心意思表达了出来，那就是幸福来自于小小的事情。对应选项 E43. A 一句话出现在第二句。问句之后，如果我们能够“愚蠢“ 那么一点点，我们将会有各种好处，对不对。那么这一段几乎大段的篇幅都花在这一句上了，主旨更加明显那就是：去这样做吧。Be silly.1544.B 这一段讲到成人的世界里的确有太多让人烦恼的东西，But as adults we also have the luxury of being
45、 able to control our own diaries and its important that we schedule in time to enjoy the things we love 享受自己喜欢的东西也是很重要的。接下来举例子，各种具体事例说明那些我们可以做的可以享受的事情，并且最后说出了他们的好处。从前往后一直再说我们应该放松，享受。所以啊，在剩下的可选择的选项中只有 have funs 比较合适了。45.D 不要可以去想怎样才幸福，应用了哲人的一句话来说明这个道理，旨在告诉大家当让是过程就是幸福的了。最后可以用排除法。G 寻求帮助根本未提及。F 选项可以直接排除。
46、那么对应关系，来看看 D 不要想太多。“无欲无求，本就是幸福啦。“ 最终选定 DSection III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)46. Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15
47、 points)The supermarket is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple:The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff youll see, and the more stuff you see, the more youll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The averag
48、e supermarket, according to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,00 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decis
49、ion-making quickly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead begin shopping emotionally - which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.超市旨在吸引顾客尽可能长时间的停留在店中。其原因很简单：顾客在店里停留的时间越长，看到的商品越多；而看到
