1、 古尔班通古特沙漠论文：古尔班通古特沙漠南缘植被物种多样性及其分异研究【中文摘要】以古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物群落为研究对象,着重研究了植物群落物种多样性组成、不同生活型植物的分布特点、短命植物与环境关系以及两年间短命植物多样性的变化,这些研究将对该区域植被多样性编目、沙漠植被的长期动态监测,沙漠中重点保护区域的确立,沙漠植被的保护、可持续管理、恢复及重建提供支持。主要结论如下：1 调查分析了古尔班通古特沙漠南部 35 个样点3.86104m2 的植物多样性特征。共发现 93 个物种,分属于 24 个科,74 属,其中藜科 Chenopodiaceae,菊科 Compositae,十字花科Cru
2、ciferae,豆科 Leguminosae 为优势科,分别占主要物种总数的19.35%,17.20%,11.83%和 9.68%。从生活型来看,短命植物占 53.76%,长营养期草本占 22.58%,乔灌类占 16.13%。从重要值上看,乔灌类占30.93%,短命植物占 45.73%。2 采用双向指示种方法,将古尔班通古特沙漠南部短命植物分为 7 个群落。去势典范对应分析(DCCA)发现坡位、经纬度、年降水量和 3-5 月降水量对物种分布产生影响。3不同生活型植物在经向和纬向上的分布各有差异,经向方面,短命植物物种数和重要值随着经度增加(由西向东)明显增加,长营养期草本和乔灌类的重要值则减小
3、。纬向方面,短命植物物种数和重要值随着纬度的增加(由南向北)而减小,长营养期草本和乔灌类的重要值增加,物种数变化不明显。4 不同坡位之间不同生活型植物盖度差异明显,均为乔灌类短营养期植物长营养期植物多年生植物。不同生活型植物的平均密度均表现为：长营养期和短营养期的密度相对较大,乔灌类和多年生植物密度相对较小。总体上看坡顶的密度较小两坡密度较大,分布表现出明显的选择性。5 两年间不同植物群落短命植物盖度差异十分显著,表现为 2010 年植物盖度较大；但密度变化以及各多样性指数变化并不十分明显。【英文摘要】Study on the plant community diversity in sout
4、hern part of gurbantunggut desert, focuses on the composition of plant species diversity, distribution of the different characteristics of the plant life forms, relationship between ephemeral plants and the environment as well as short-lived two years, changes in plant diversity, this study will be
5、useful cataloging with the regional vegetation diversity and long-term dynamic monitoring and the establishment of protection areas and protection of vegetation and sustainable management and so on. The conclusions are as following:1. Investigation of the desert south of Gurbantunggut 35 sites which
6、 cover a total area of 3.86x104 m2 in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert. A total of 93 species belonging to 24 families and 74 genera are found, of which families like Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cruciferae and Leguminosae are dominant, taking up 19.35%,17.20%,11.83% and 9.68%, of the to
7、tal species respectively. In terms of life forms, ephemerals make up 53.76%, herbage plant with long period of nourishment account for 22.58% and arbor and shrub mahe up 16.13%. In terms of important value, arbor and shrubs account to 30.93% and ephemerals acount for 45.73%.2. We use two-way indicat
8、or species analysis(TWINSPAN) and divided the ephemerals living in the southern part of the Gurbantunggut Desert into 7 communities. Species distribution is found to be greatly influenced by slope positions, longitude and latitude, annual precipitation and precipitation from March to May through det
9、rended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA).3. The spatial variation of the plant life forms are distinct:in longitude, the species number and important value of ephemerals increase significantly with the increase of longitude(from west to east), while the important value of herbage plant with lo
10、ng period of nourishment and arbor and shrub decreases with the increase of longitude; in latitude, the species number and important value of ephemerals decrease with the increase of latitude(from south to north), while the important value of herbage plant with long period of nourishment and arbor a
11、nd shrub increases with the increase of latitude and there are no distinct change in species number.4. Slope between the different types of the plant life forms cover of different life significant difference, expressed as:”arbor and shrub”ephemeralsannuals with long period of nourishmentperennial we
12、ed. Mean density expressed as:ephemerals and annuals with long period of nourishment have large density. Overall, less dense top of the hill and greater density of two slopes, showed significant selective distribution.5. Ephemeral plant cover of different plant communities is significant difference
13、between two year, expressed as:greater degree of plant cover in 2010, but density and diversity index change is not very clear.【关键词】古尔班通古特沙漠 去势典范对应分析 双向指示种分析 物种多样性【英文关键词】Gurbantunggut Desert species diversity Detrended Canonical Correspondence Analysis (DCCA) Two-way Indicator Species Analysis (TWTN
14、SPAN)【目录】古尔班通古特沙漠南缘植被物种多样性及其分异研究 摘要 6-7 Abstract 7 目录 8-10 第一章 绪论 10-13 1.1 研究背景 10-11 1.1.1 沙漠化 10 1.1.2 全球气候变化 10-11 1.2 研究目的和意义 11-13 第二章 文献综述 13-20 2.1. 物种多样性的概念 13 2.2 植物群落多样性的研究方法 13-15 2.2.1 抽样方法研究 13-14 2.2.2 测定指标研究 14-15 2.2.3 植物群落物种多样性梯度分析方法 15 2.3 植物群落物种多样性与环境因子的关系研究 15-17 2.3.1 物种多样性与海拔和
15、经纬度 15-16 2.3.2 物种多样性与土壤 16-17 2.3.3 物种多样性与降水 17 2.4 古尔班通古特沙漠的研究 17-20 2.4.1 植被与水的关系 17-18 2.4.2 植被与环境关系 18 2.4.3 短命植物相关研究 18-20 第三章 研究区概况 20-22 3.1 研究区气候特征 20 3.2 研究区沙丘类型及土壤状况 20-21 3.3 研究区植被状况 21-22 第四章 数据收集与处理 22-24 4.1 样地设置及植被调查 22 4.2 环境因子调查与测定 22 4.3 物种重要值计算与短命植物的数量分类方法 22-23 4.4 多样性指数的计算 23-2
16、4 第五章 古尔班通古特沙漠南部植物群落物种组成及主要短命植物与环境的关系 24-31 5.1 物种组成 24-28 5.2 群落分类及其物种组成 28-29 5.3 短命植物分布与环境的关系 29-30 5.4 讨论 30-31 第六章 古尔班通古特沙漠南部不同生活型植被分布比较 31-34 6.1 四种生活型植被不同坡位盖度、密度分布 31-32 6.2 四种生活型物种数、重要值的经向、纬向变化 32-33 6.3 讨论 33-34 第七章 年际间不同植物群落短命植物多样性变化 34-36 7.1 短命植物年际盖度、密度变化 34 7.2 短命植物年际多样性指数变化 34-35 7.3 讨论 35-36 参考文献 36-42 致谢 42-43 作者简介 43 在学期间主要参与的研究项目 43 在学期间发表的研究论文 43-44 石河子大学硕士研究生学位论文导师评阅表 44
