1、1 Text ACritical Reading (1) Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是） understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning
2、and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句）本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a stat
3、ement.apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.apply 的派生词：application, applicant, applicable Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. (2)Or, you may be reading something written some time ago
4、in a different time context than yours. (3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析2. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours.
5、 some time注意区分：sometime / sometimes / some times3. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 不论哪种情况，你必须注意并考虑你的价值观和态度与作者所述的价值观和态度有何不同。those是代词，代替前面的复数名词 values and attitudes。代替可数名词单数或不可数名词用 that。例如：T
6、he students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.The price of that book is higher than that of this one. Question assertions made by the author. Dont acce
7、pt what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.（承上句） Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities. Compare what
8、 is written with other written work on the subject. (4)Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. （承上句）本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析4. Look to see that wh
9、at is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.be consistent with 与一致consist vi. 组成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.This doesnt consist with what you told me earlier. 这
10、和你先前告诉我的不符合。consist的派生词：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency Analyze assumptions made by the author. (5)Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the authors assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read caref
11、ully in order to identify any assumptions.（承上启下句） Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writin
12、g about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句） Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current（启下句）. For example, studies done by E
13、instein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics. Identify any possible author bias. (6)A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a R
14、epublican. (7)What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with “a grain of salt.“ By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your views as appropriate.本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点
15、解析5. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions.whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成 no matter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，“疑问词 ever“不能换成“no matter+疑问词“，状语从句中可以换用。例如：Whoever comes to our party is welcome. （不能换成 no matter who）He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his
16、 help. (不能换)He will buy whatever his son wants. （不能换）Whatever you do, I will support you. (能换成 no matter what)6. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.likely 在该句中是副词likely adj. / adv. be likely
17、to do sth.Its likely thata likely resultProfit will most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利润极可能增加 200万英镑左右。（副词）likely的派生词：unlikely, likelihood。例如：The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性极小。7. What is written may very well reflect a biased position.a biased position be biased to/toward(s)
18、/against反义词：unbiasedIII. 部分练习讲解P111 Bridging the GapDirections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.解题方法：把词分类动词 名词 形容词 副词define action powerful internallyexpress tears personalshape shape goodrespond toLanguage
19、 is one of the things that sets us apart as beings, one of the things that essentially 1 definesus as humans. When language is used well it can elicit very deep feeling in others, motivate others to 2 actionand define the nature of our relationships. Sometimes in poetry the juxtaposition（并列）of two w
20、ords or a certain phrase can bring 3 tearsto the eyes, call up a whole host of imagery and move us deeply. We have seen language recently used in the politics of persuasion, used for 4 goodor ill - depending on your viewpoint. When we use language to 5 expressour true feelings to someone it can open
21、 and deepen the connection between us. Language is a very 6 powerfultool. How we use language shapes our world both 7 internallyand externally. How you use self-talk - what you say to yourself about yourself and about the world directly 8 shapes（塑造，使成形） your experience of both yourself and the world
22、. How you deliver communication shapes the way the world 9 responds toyou. We can use language more effectively in both spheres: internal and external and directly influence the health and power of our 10 personalrelationships and our business relationships.1 Text BThe Language of Confidence1 The la
23、nguage we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order to dramatically improve our quality of life.2 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on
24、 our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesnt really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. (1)It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.“Try“3 It is a
25、small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, “Ill try to do that“ you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. (2)How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say “Ill try t
26、o be more confident“ or “Ill try to do that“ or “Ill try to call“?4 Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, “Ill try to “ and notice how you feel. Next say, “I will do “ and see how you feel.5 (3)The latter makes you feel bette
27、r than the first one, doesnt it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.（承上句）本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. It
28、 is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. 它渴望取悦，乐意听从你给它的任何命令，而你是有意还是无意地做这些完全取决于你。(1) carry out commands 执行命令(2) be up to sb. 取决于某人例如：Its up to you whether we go there or not. 2. How often do you use the wo
29、rd try when talking about the things that matter to you? matter v. be important例如：As long as staff are smart, it does not matter how long their hair is. 员工只要聪明，头发留多长没什么关系。It matters a lot whether you come to my birthday party or not. 3. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesnt it?
30、the formerthe latter“Cant“6 This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. (4)It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that makes you
31、 feel great.本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析4. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity.(1) infinite 的词根是 finite，其它相关词：finitely, infinitely, finiteness/finity, infiniteness/infinity。(2) creativity 的词根是 create。注意区分两个名词：creation / creativity。7 Instead of saying you cant, why not say something like “I c
32、hoose（愿意） “ or “I choose not to “. Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life.8 Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us. (5)Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire
33、.9 What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. （承上句） (6)Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!（承上句）本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解
34、析5. Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire.give the power相当于 empower，该句等于 Mastering your language empowers you to live whatever life you desire.6. Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only about yourself, but about life and what you are
35、 doing! 让这些替代词不仅使你对自己感觉良好，而且使你对生活、对你所做的事情感觉无限美好吧！(1) make在这里接名词作宾补，即 make sb. / sth. sth.，再如：We made him our monitor.(2) make you feel fabulous，make 接 do sth.作宾补。(3) not onlybut (also)2 Text ASpilt Milk Have you heard of the story about split milk? (1)Well, we all know there is no use crying over sp
36、lit milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner. I recently heard a story about a famous research scientist（研究科学家，高级研究员） who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. (2)He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so m
37、uch more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others? He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. (3)He had been trying to riove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his gr
38、ip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor - a veritable sea of milk! When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said,“ (4)Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! I have rar
39、ely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?“ Indeed, he did. After a few minutes, his mother said，“You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to cl
40、ean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?“ he chose the sponge and together they cleaned up the spilt milk. His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how t
41、o effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands. Lets go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it.“ (5)The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry i
42、t without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson! （承上总结句） (6)The renowned scientist riarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes. (7)Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific
43、 experiments are all about. Even if the experiment “doesnt work,“ we usually learn something valuable from it. (8)Wouldnt it be great if all parents would respond the way Roberts mother responded to him?本文重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. Well, we all know there is no use crying over split milk.There / It is no use c
44、rying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。2. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others?(1) who asked why from others定语从句，修饰先行词 a newspaper reporter。(2) why he was so much more creative than the average p
45、erson和 what set him so far apart from others都是 ask的直接宾语。(3) the average person 普通人(4) set him so far apart from others 使他特别有别于他人，使他和别人有很大不同。far在这里是副词，加强程度。注意区分：so far 迄今为止，到目前为止。相当于 by now, up to now, as yet。So far he has mastered five foreign languages.3. He had been trying to riove a bottle of mil
46、k from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kitchen floor - a veritable sea of milk! 他试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑的瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是-白花花的一片。4. Robert, what a great and wonderful mess you have made! 感叹句。注意 what和 how的区别：What a slower wa
47、lker he is!How slowly he is walking!5. The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it.(1) graspthe bottle at the topv.+sb./sth.+介词+the +身体部位/衣服(2) without dropping it作状语。再如：Tom left without saying good-bye.He ran ou
48、t (without) saying a good.6. The renowned scientist riarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes.宾语从句是强调结构 it wasthat。注意区分强调结构和 it作形式主语或普通代词的结构。例如：It was in this park that they first met each other.It was this park where/in which they first met each oth
49、er.It is important that we learn a foreign language well.7. Instead, he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. 相反，他认识到错误正是学习新东西的机会，毕竟任何科学实验都是如 此。8. Wouldnt it be great if all parents would respond the way Roberts mother responded to him?该句是个反问句，相当于语气很强烈的肯定句。(1) the way Roberts mother responded to him作状语，相当于 in the way 。再如：He learned money was not everything the hard way.(2) the way sb. does/did sth.某人做某事的方式I like the w
