1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,外研版 必修4,Great Scientists,Module 4,1.1.1 集合的概念,第二课时 Grammar,1.1.1 集合的概念,Module 4,.被动语态 根据汉语完成句子，体会句中时态的用法。 We_also_a lot of homework to do. 我们也有很多作业要做。 I_to go to Harbin on business yesterday. 我昨天被要求去哈尔滨出差了。 A speech_this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。,are,given,was asked,will be given
2、,A new school _in our village. 一所新学校正在我们村建设。 The machine_ at this time yesterday。 昨天的这个时候，机器正在被修理。 Two hundred trees_by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。,is being built,was being repaired,have been planted,.byv.ing形式 根据汉语完成句子。 I tried to wake up my wife_the doorbell，but she was fast asleep. 我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得
3、很熟。 She earned money_. 她通过写作赚钱。,by bringing,by writing,1.career nC生涯；经历；职业，事业 She spent most of her career working in laboratory. 她工作生涯中的大部分时间都是在实验室度过的。 look back on a successful career 对成功经历的回顾 She started her career as an English teacher. 她以当英语教师开始了她的职业生涯。,辨析：career, occupation与 profession,Hes alr
4、eady mapped out his whole future career. 他对自己未来的事业有了周详的计划。 Coal mining has always been a dangerous occupation. 采煤向来是一种危险职业。 Does she really think of adopting teaching as a profession? 她真想拿教书作正式的职业吗？,即学即用 语法填空 Model as a _ appeals to many young girls because of the fascinating Tstage. 答案：career caree
5、r“职业，事业”，符合句意。句意为：模特，作为一种职业，吸引众多年轻女性的原因是它那迷人的T型舞台。,2brief adj. 简短的，简洁的；短暂的 Please be brief because Im in a hurry. 我有急事，请长话短说。 He wrote me a brief letter because of the shortage of time. 因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。,知识拓展 (1)briefly adv. 简要地；扼要地 Briefly, I think we should accept his offer. 简言之，我认为我们应该接受他的提议。 (2)
6、固定搭配：to be brief简而言之(作插入语) To be brief, it is not my type. 简言之，这不是我喜欢的类型。,in brief简言之；一言以蔽之 Give your reason(s) in brief. 简单说明你的理由。 (3)brief and to the point 简单扼要 The letter he wrote was brief and to the point. 他写的这封信简明扼要。,辨析：in brief与 in shortThere is not much time left, so Ill tell you about it in
7、 brief. 时间不多，所以我会简明扼要地告诉你。 In short, he was careless. 总之，他粗心大意。,即学即用 语法填空 (1)Its a long letter, but _brief, he says“No” 答案：in in brief“简短地”，此处，in brief(in a word, in short) 用作插入语，句意为：信很长，但简言之，他拒绝了。 (2)No one likes long speeches, so Tom just made a(n)_ one that was well received. 答案：brief brief“简短的”，
8、与前半句的“long”形成对比。句意为：没有人喜欢太长的演说，因此汤姆只作了一个易于接受的简短的演讲。,3graduate vi.毕业 nC(大学)毕业生 After he graduated, he continued to devote himself to research. 毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。 Nearly half of the high school graduates in America go on to college. 美国中学毕业生中将近一半人要念大学。,知识拓展 (1)graduate 是终止性动词。 Its two years since he gradu
9、ated. 他毕业已经两年了。 (2)graduate from 从毕业 These graduates all graduated from the University of Oxford. 这些大学生都毕业于牛津大学 。 (3)graduation nU毕业；毕业典礼 What are you going to do after graduation? 毕业后你打算干什么？ Many visitors came to last years graduation. 许多客人参加了去年的毕业典礼。,即学即用 语法填空 How long have you been a doctor? Sinc
10、e 1995, when I _ (graduate)from college. 答案：graduated graduate from“从毕业”。句意为：你当医生多久了？自从1995年我大学毕业以来。由句意可知用一般过去时。,4personal adj.个人的 In my personal opinion, I am against the plan. 依我个人的意见，我反对这个计划。,知识拓展 (1)personally adv.就个人而言 Personally, I dont like the skirt at all. 就我而言，我一点都不喜欢这条裙子。 (2)personality n
11、C性格；个性；人格 The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality of children. 教育的目的是发展孩子完美的品格。,辨析：personal 与privateThe car is for your personal use only. 这部车只供你个人使用。 He never talks about his private life at work. 他上班时从不谈论他的私人生活。,即学即用 语法填空 After the president made an official announcement, she exp
12、ressed her _ opinion. 答案：personal personal“个人的”，符合题意。句意为：总统发表正式讲话之后，她表达了自己的(个人的)意见。,5case n. (1)事例；病例 (2)特殊情况；事例；实情 (3)案件 There are five cases of high fever. 有5个发高烧的病人。 Such being the case, you cant go away. 既然情况如此，你就不能离开。,知识拓展 in any case 无论如何；总之 in case 万一；以防 in case of 要是；如果；万一 In any case, youll
13、 have to be at the station by nine. 无论如何，你九点钟得到车站。 In case of fire, ring the alarm bell. 如遇大火，即按警铃。 Take warm clothes in case that the weather is cold. 带些暖和衣服，以防天气变冷。,即学即用 语法填空 (1)_fire, all exits must be kept clear. 答案：In case of 考查介词短语的用法。句意为：万一发生火灾，所有的出口必须保持畅通无阻。in case of意为“万一；以防”，符合句意。 (2)(辽宁高考
14、改编)Leave your key with your neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day. 答案：in case 本题考查连词的用法。句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居，以防某天你把自己锁在外面。in case“以防，万一”，符合句意。,1.be known for 因为而著名；其后常跟表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的词语。 The islands are known for their hospitality. 岛上的居民以好客闻名。,知识拓展 (1)be known as 作为而著名；以而著称，其后常跟表示身份、职业的名词。 She was well
15、known as an excellent dancer. 她被称为一位杰出的舞蹈家。 (2)be known to为某人所知。 The beggar is known to everybody in the neighbourhood. 住在这个地区的人都知道这个乞丐。,即学即用 语法填空 (1)Speaking of all the songs he has written, I think this is probably his_(wellknown)one. 答案：bestknown wellknown的比较级和最高级分别为betterknown和bestknown。根据句意比较范围
16、是他写的所有的歌“all the songs”，判断应用最高级。,(2)完成句子 杭州以西湖而闻名。 Hangzhou _ _ _ the West Lake. 这就是人们所说的“适者生存”。 This was what _ _ _ “the survival of the fittest” 中国人对火药熟知比欧洲人早得多。 The use of gunpowder _ _ _ the Chinese long before the Europeans. 答案：is known for was known as was known to,2earn ones living 谋生 He earn
17、ed his living by teaching. 他以教书谋生。,知识拓展 (1)同义短语：make a(ones)living 谋生 (2)earn可以加双宾语earn sb.sth. “为某人赢得某物” (3)earn moneymake money 挣钱(注意make money不是“造钱”),即学即用 单句改错 These peasants earn their livings by growing flowers. _ 答案：livings改为living,3come to power 开始执政；当权；上台 The Labor Party came to power in 194
18、5. 工党在1945年开始执政。,知识拓展 in power 当权 take power 当权；执政 put. into power 使执政/上台 have / hold power over sth. 对有控制权 beyond ones power 不能胜任；力所不能及,即学即用 语法填空 It has been five years since this party came_(power)Many people wonder whether it will stay on. 答案：to power 句意：这个政党已经执政5年了，许多人想知道它是否还会继续下去。since引导的状语从句，主
19、句用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。come to power“掌权”。,图解语法助记,表解语法助记 表一：被动语态的构成,表二：被动语态的用法,被动语态的用法巧记 谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没必要。 突出承受者或礼貌，用被动语态错不了。 被动不离“be”“p.p.”， pp.前面助动be。 主谓一致莫忘记，句中时态要留意。,表三：“byv-ing”形式,即学即用 语法填空 (1)What do you think of store shopping in the future? Personally，I think it will exist along with home shoppin
20、g but will never_(replace) 答案：be replaced 考查时态和语态。 句意：你认为将来的商店购物会怎么样？就我个人而言，它会和家庭购物同时存在，但是永远也不会被家庭购物所替代。replace“取代，代替，替换”，是及物动词，用被动语态,(2)In the near future, more advances in the robot technology_(make) by scientists. 答案：will be made 考查时态和语态。通过in the near future可知应该用将来时，且advances与动词make构成被动关系。因此用将来时被
21、动语态。句意：在不久的将来，科学家们将在机器人科技方面取得更多的进步。 (3)All visitors to this village _(treat) with kindness. 答案：are treated 考查动词时态和语态。句意：去这个村庄的所有游客都受到了友善地接待。visitors与treat之间为被动关系，且本句话没有明显的表示过去的时间标志，用一般被动语态。,(4)In the last few years, thousands of films _(produce) all over the world. 答案：have been produced 考查时态和语态。由时间状
22、语In the last few years可知本句应用现在完成时，thousands of films与produce之间存在被动关系，用被动。句意：在过去的几年里，全世界制作了数以千计部电影。,(5)This coastal area_(name) a national wildlife reserve last year. 答案：was named 考查时态和语态。句意：这个沿海地区去年被命名为国家野生动植物保护区。由题干中的时间状语last year可知，要用一般过去时态；area和name之间是被动关系，所以用被动。,(6)Traditional folk arts of Tianj
23、in like paper cutting_(exhibit) at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. 答案：are being exhibited 考查动词语态和主谓一致。句意：天津的传统民间艺术，例如剪纸，正在2010年上海世博会的文化展上展出。句中的主语traditional folk arts是复数，并且与exhibit有被动关系，故用进行时的被动。,(7)It is reported that many a new house_(build)at present in the disaster area. 答案：is
24、being built 考查主谓一致和时态。“many a单数名词”作主语，谓语要用单数形式；由时间状语at present可知，要用现在进行时态；house和build之间是被动关系，所以用现在进行时态的被动语态。句意：据报道，目前受灾地区正在建造许多新房子。,(8)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money making jobs they_(promise) before leaving their hometowns. 答案：have been promised 考查动词时态。句意：每年，大批的农民来到深
25、圳，寻找离家前被许诺过的能赚到钱的工作。根据时间状语every year可判断用与现在有关的时态；根据时间状语before leaving their hometowns可判断，农民们在离开家乡之前被许诺能找到赚钱的工作，所以用被动语态。,(9)In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the“r” sounds at the end of the words_(drop) 答案：are dropped 考查动词时态。句意：在美国一些地区的英语口语中，单词结尾的字母r的发音通常被弱化。根据句意可知，此处描述的是一般情况，所以用一般现在时的被动语
26、态。 (10)Youve failed to do what you _(expect) to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you. 答案：were expected 考查被动语态。you作主语应该用被动结构，分析句意可知动作发生在failed to do 之前，应该选择过去时态。,(11)Linda, make sure the tables _(set) before the guests arrive. 答案：are set 考查动词的用法。make sure表示“务必；确信；弄明白”，后面常接of/about sth.或that引导的宾语从
27、句。很明显，此处其后接的是that引导的宾语从句，只不过从句中省略了引导词that。从句中的主语the tables“和谓语动词set之间为动宾关系，所以用被动语态。,(12)The church tower which _(restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. 答案：is being restored restore“恢复；修复”，和句子的主语有动宾关系，所以用被动语态。根据后面的“The work is almost finished.”可知，动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时的被动语态。,(1
28、3)(四川高考改编) They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _(rebuilt). 答案： is being rebuilt 本题考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他们目前和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在被重建。由句意可知，房子是在被重建，故用被动语态，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，因此用现在进行时的被动语态。,(14)(北京高考改编)Have you heard about that fire in the market? Yes, fortunately no one _(hurt)
29、 答案：was hurt 本题考查时态及语态。 句意：你听说在超市发生的那场火灾吗？是的，幸好没有人员伤亡。火灾发生在过去故用一般过去时，又因为no one与hurt之间为被动关系，用过去时的被动语态。,.单词拼写 1I dont want to sound conceited, but I think my new book might be a_(畅销书) 2Due to a police mixup, the robber went free while the_(受害人)was jailed. 3However_(聪颖) you are, you cant know everythin
30、g. 4. During the most productive time in her _(生涯), she wrote five novels.,5Please tell me what happened in _(简洁)；dont go into details. 6He has devoted himself to teaching since he_(毕业)from the school. 7The surgeon_(诊断) his illness as a rare bone disease. 8He serves the public wholeheartedly, regard
31、less of his_(个人)gain or loss.,9P fitness is having a strong healthy body. 10Einstein gained international recognition in his theory of_(相对论) 答案：1.best-seller 2.victim 3.brilliant 4.career 5brief 6.graduated 7.diagnosed 8.personal 9Physical 10.relativity,.用所给词语的适当形式完成句子1The travelers who_ the floods
32、took another road. 2The Chinese Mao Tai wine_ all over the world. 3Columbus_America but did not explore the new continent. 4Its a pity that none of us have_ the driving test.,5_！ You gave a very good performance. 6Newton discovered the laws of gravity, which is a great_ in science. 7He was supposed
33、to have_ college two years ago. 8He used to_by playing football. 9I like my school, which_its excellent facilities. 10He didnt know Hera had_about his secret. 答案：1.knew about 2.is popular 3.discovered 4.passed 5.Well done 6.breakthrough 7.graduated from 8.earn their living 9.is famous for 10.found o
34、ut,.语法填空 1How long have you_(employ) at this job? Since 1990. 答案：been employed 从答语可知，说话人问的是一段时间，since表示“从过去(某一时间)一直到现在”，因此用现在完成时。 2If city noises_(not keep) from increasing, people_(have to) shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. 答案：are not kept；will have to keep与noises是动宾关系，主
35、句说的是20年以后的事，故用将来时态。,3Do you like the material? Yes, it_(feel) very soft. 答案：feels feel意思为“摸起来”，是系动词，不用被动语态，也不用进行时。 4I need one more stamp before my collection_(complete) 答案：is completed collection与complete是动宾关系，before从句用一般现在时态表将来。,5Hundreds of jobs_(lose) if the factory closes. 答案：will be lost if从句用
36、一般现在时态表将来，主句用将来时态；lose jobs“失去工作”。 6A new cinema _(build) here. They hope to finish it next month. 答案：is being built 从后面的提示看，这项工程没有完工，故应正在建设中，而且是被动语态。,7(2014南平高一检测改编)A new cinema_(build) here. They hope to finish it next mouth. 答案：is being built 句意：新影院正在兴建中，人们希望下个月完工。a new cinema作主语，谓语动词应该用被动。根据后面的句
37、意“下个月完工”，可知现在正在兴建中，故选择现在进行时的被动结构。,8(2014宿州高一检测改编)In the fire, all the people in the building were_(help out) ahead of time when the building fell down. 答案：helped out 句意：发生火灾时，大楼里所有人在大楼倒塌之前被提前救了出来。根据句意“人被救出来”，应该选择被动结构。help out帮助，帮助出来。,9The stone on the river bank rolled under her feet; she was_(pull)
38、 into the river, and she called out for help. 答案：being pulled 句意：河岸的石头滚到她的脚下；把她推到了河里，于是她喊救命。she和空格处的动词构成动宾关系，应该选用被动语态。根据and she called out for help可以看出“当她在被卷入河中时，她喊救命”，所以用being pulled。,10His sister left home in 1998，and_(not hear of) ever since. 答案：has not been heard of 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：他妹妹于1998年离开了家，之后再也没有听到她的消息。根据时间状语ever since可知，应该使用现在完成时；句子的主语his sister与谓语hear of之间是动宾关系，故应该使用被动语态，故用现在完成时的被动语态。,
