1、Education in Britain,Group members: Reporters: 向沛文、毛伟力PPT makers：黄巧铃、蒋艳、杨琴、 郭伊琳、赵霞、张伏曦,一、Curricular in Britain education,（一）、Medieval England,Seven Liberal Arts:The trivium: logic; Latin, Greek and Hebrew grammar( the languages of the Bible)，and rhetoricThe quadrivium: arithmetic; geometry; astronom
2、y; music,（二)、Renaissance Education,The 1604 Act of Parliament regulating all the teachers was caused,in part, by the growing numbers of secular schools.Petty school: three “R”s: Reading, (w)Riting, (a)Rithmetic.The Dissenting Academies and the Scottish universities: Geography, navigation and modern
3、foreign languages and literatures.Public grammar school: Latin and Greek.,(三)、Eighteenth Century,Charitable school: stress social divisionSchool for middle-and upper-class girl:a few academic subjects and many social subjects:dancing, the social ranks of the aristocracy, and how to enter a horse dra
4、wn carriage gracefully.,(四)、Nineteenth century,The university curriculum was transformed :modern languages, the natural sciences (such as chemistry and geology), the social sciences (such as economics) and philosophyRed Brick Universities：professional specializations: in law, architecture, and engin
5、eering.,（五）、Twentieth Century,An act of 1917 required that a student seeking secondary school certificate had to pass at least 5 subjects, including English , a foreign language , and science / mathematics. The 1988 education reform act required all primary and secondary schools to teach the same to
6、pics, including English , mathematics, science, computer and information technology, history, geography, music, art, a foreign language, sex education, religious education, and physical education.,二、British Education Tests,Medieval EnglandThere were no entrance or graduation examinations. Young man,
7、 14 or 15 years old were accepted into a college. A candidate simple swore an oath that he had read they necessary books, and masters who knew him testified that he was qualified.,A 1906 Act required LEAs to give medical examinations to all children in elementary school. At the end of world war II a
8、ll the eleven-year-old school children were required to take an intensive nation-wide examination to determine which children would prepared for university entrance.,Twentieth Century-Reforms of national Examination,1.High-scoring children were sent to Grammar school, which prepared them for higher
9、education 2.Low-scoring children were sent to Secondary Modern school, which prepared them for working-class careers.,1、 provide the sole remedy for students who did poorly on the 11+examination2 、pupils who did well in O-levels were given the chance to study for a few years at a Grammar school.,O-l
10、evels or GSCE（General Certificate of Education),Application for entrance to a university,Application for entrance to a university is made through a central admissions system known as the University and College admission System (UCAS) To enter a university students must have an A-level standard of ed
11、ucation， achieved by passing A-level examinations or their equivalents.,Key changes in British education,Who was educated? Medieval England- boys from middle-class families and the younger sons of the nobility Poor family couldnt afford for sending their children to school, and children learn skills
12、 by working alongside their parents. European was united under the Roman catholic church. Education was controlled and serviced for it.,Renaissance,1580s religious exclusions English, but not Scottish, universities were closed to Catholics and protestants who disagreed with Anglican church. Product:
13、 self education It was often the only education available for Catholics and dissident protestants. The importance of the Church of England in English education system did not diminish until the late 19th century.,Eighteenth century,Middle- and upper-class girls were taught a few academic subjects an
14、d many social subjects.,schools for girls,Nineteenth century,Self-educationMore libraries, the opportunities for anyone to be educated, regardless of class, expanded.Girls and lower-class childrenlaw after law was enacted throughout the 19th century, requiring all children to attend primary school.,
15、Twentieth century,1902 Balfour Act & 1944 Education Act replace local school boards with Local Education Authorities (LEAs).Since local communities were given permission, not funds, wealthier communities were more likely to provide these additional activities than poorer ones.,Twentieth century,The
16、Great Britain need rebuilding Increased government fundingto enable all qualified people to attain a university education,post WW,more educational opportunities for the poor, the handicapped, and women. Since 1980 ，education is becoming a major part of British life.,Who pays？,Medieval England donors
17、 and parentsWealthy families simply paid the tuition. Other families used church or aristocratic connections to find a scholarship position. Self education paid for books he need or borrow from library free Nineteenth century shifted from the church and parents to the national and local governments
18、Twentieth century fundings, grants, stipend, “earning while learning”,Goals of education,Medieval England Education was not viewed as a means to improve society. Children were trained to replace their parents. The feudal church and the feudal nobility supported each other to preserve the status quo.
19、Renaissance Education goals remained unchanged,Goals of education,Eighteenth century poor children were taught to “know their place” and “respect their betters” (which meant they should be subservient to those from higher classes.) Nineteenth century Educated people into required bureaucrats to mana
20、ge the growing British Empire.Proper education offered a way to a better life, and all the class were eager for it.,Twentieth centurycontribute to the spiritual , moral, mental and physical development of the community and be available to meet the needs of the population (1944 Education Act),Goals o
21、f education,Goals of education,Modern times Government policy places greater stressed on the employers needs. To enable children, young people and adults to achieve skills and qualifications at the highest standard of which they are capable and to ensure progress to the national Targets of Education and Training.(Targets: improve the United Kingdoms international competitiveness),
