1、Cloning,Unit 2,Section Warming up; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 2,词汇过关 1音意记忆 (1)_(vt)着手；从事；承担 (2)_(n)突破 (3)_(n)程序；步骤；手续 (4)_(adv)总共；完全地 (5)_(vt)获得；赢得,undertake breakthrough procedure altogether obtain,2形意记忆 (1)differ(vi)不同；相异 _(adj)不同的；相异的 _(n)差异 (2)object(vi)反对；不赞成 _(n)不赞成；反对；异议 (3)medi
2、um(n)媒介；手段；工具 _(复数),different differenceobjectionmedia,(4)forbid(vt)禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍 过去式_ 过去分词_ (5)accumulate(vt& vi)积累；聚积 _(n)积累,forbade/forbadforbiddenaccumulation,短语自查 1pay_得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 2cast_使失望；使沮丧 3object_反对；不赞成 4in_of赞成；支持 5be ready_为做好准备 6_the one hand一方面 7be_to对适宜 8have a great impact_对有很大影响 9_
3、ones own属于某人自己的 10provide._.为提供,offdowntofavourfor on appropriateon offor,经典句式 1Then came the disturbing news _ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。 2Altogether Dolly lived six and half years，_ 多莉总共只存活了六年半，这是它的原形羊寿命的一半。 3Cloning plants is straightforward _ cloning animals is very complicated 克隆植物简单、直接而克隆动物都是很复杂的。 答案：1tha
4、t Dolly had become seriously ill 2half the length of the life of the original sheep 3while,语篇理解 Choose the best answers according to the text CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US？ 1Which of the following statements about cloning is NOT true according to the text？ ACloning is something that has been develo
5、ped quite recently BTwins that look exactly the same are originally from the same egg CCloning is used by gardeners to make more money DAnimal cloning is much more difficult than plant cloning,2The cloning of Dolly the sheep succeeded because _ Aits easier to clone a sheep than other animals Bthe sc
6、ientists were determined and worked hard with patience Cthe scientists were rewarded and got lots of money Dmany other attempts to clone mammals failed,3What happened to Dolly the sheep？ AShe is living healthily BDolly became ill and died at last CDollys child also died at the age of six DAll the sc
7、ientists were not sad about her death,4From the passage，we can see_ ADollys original sheep lived 12 years BDollys baby was also a cloned one Cnewspapers did not disclose cloning sheep Dofficials became nervous about cloning 答案：14 ABBD,1differ vi不同；相异；持不同看法 Our views on the subject differ 我们对这个问题见解不同
8、。 Her method doesnt differ much from mine 她的方法跟我的没有很大不同。 They differ with each other on moral standards 关于道德标准，他们的见解不同。,知识拓展 different adj不同的；各种的 differently adv不同地 difference n不同(之处)；差别 differ from不同于 differ in.在上不同；对持不同的看法 differ with/from sbon/about sth在某事上和某人意见不一致 be different from与不同 tell the d
9、ifference between A and B说出A与B的区别 make a difference有作用；有影响,活学活用 (1)用适当的介词填空 Human facial expressions differ_those of animals in the degree to which the can be controlled_purpose The husband differs_the wife_who is to take charge of the money 答案：from；on with；on/about,(2)补全句子 In our daily life，everyon
10、e fails every now and thenIt is how you react that _ _ _(有影响) 答案：makes a difference 句意：在日常生活中，每个人都会时不时地失败，但你如何做出反应却有很大影响。make a difference是固定词组，意为“有关系，有作用，有影响”。,2benefit (1)n益处，好处 gain/get benefits from.从中受益 be of (great) benefit to.对有(很大的)益处 for the benefit of.为了的利益 to ones benefit 对有利 People in th
11、is area gain many benefits from increasing agricultural production 这个地区的人们从增加农业生产中受益颇多。 Such a system will be of great benefit to society 这一制度将会对社会有很大益处。,(2)vt& vi有益于；受益 benefit sb/sth有益于某人/某物 benefit from/by.从中受益 The sea air will benefit you 海洋空气对你有益。 The local farmers benefit greatly from the medi
12、cal reform 当地的农民们从医疗改革中大大受益。,知识拓展 beneficial adj有利的；有益的；有助的 be beneficial to 对有益be of benefit to Such a system will be beneficial to society 这一制度将会对社会有益处。,活学活用 (1)完成句子 She_ _ _ _ _(从阅读中获益良多) He held a concert to raise money_ _ _ _ _ _ _(为了贫穷儿童),It will be_ _ _ _ _ _(早到将会对你有利) Doing exercises will be
13、_ _your health(锻炼有益于健康) 答案：gained/got many benefits from reading for the benefit of the poor children to your benefit to arrive early beneficial to,(2)选词填空(benefit/beneficial) That experience was of great _ to you 答案：benefit 句意：那次经历对你很有益处。“be of名词”结构中，只有benefit符合。,3undertake vt(undertook；undertaken)
14、着手；从事；承担；许诺 The lawyer undertook the case without a fee 这位律师免费承办那个案子。 She undertook the organization of the whole scheme 她负责整个计划的组织工作。 He undertook to be here at ten oclock 他答应十点钟到这儿来。,知识拓展 undertake a task 承担任务 undertake an attack 发动进攻 undertake to do sth答应做某事 undertake for.为负责 undertaking n任务；事业；企
15、业,活学活用 (1)补全句子 He_ _ _(答应归还)my computer in a week The company has announced that it will_ _ _ _ _ _ _(对这次事故进行全面调查) 答案：undertook to return undertake a full investigation into the accident,(2)用恰当形式填空 Chian is the only nuclear state_(undertake)not to be the first to use nuclear weapons 答案：to undertake
16、句意：中国是唯一承诺不首先使用核武器的核国家。当名词被序数词或only等词修饰时，其后用不定式作定语。,4breakthrough n突破 An important breakthrough in peacetalking has been achieved 和平谈判已经取得重大突破。 知识拓展 make a breakthrough 取得进展 break through 突破；突围 Doctors have made a great breakthrough in the treatment of lung diseases 医生们在肺病治疗方面取得了重大突破。,由动词短语转化而来的合成词还
17、有很多，例如： break out发生 outbreak n爆发；发作 break down损坏 breakdown n故障 put out生产；输出 output n产量；输出 burst out迸发 outburst n喷出；突发 come out出现；结果是 outcome n结果；后果,活学活用 补全句子 新疫苗的发现是抵抗禽流感的重要突破。 The discovery of the new vaccine is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ bird flu 答案：an important breakthrough in the fight against,5altogether ad
18、v总共(表示总数或总额，多修饰数词)；完全地，全部地(相当于completely)；总而言之(常作插入语) How much do the goods cost altogether？ 这些货物一共花费多少钱？ The train went slower and slower until it stopped altogether 火车越来越慢，最后完全停了。 Li Ping works hard；she always helps othersAltogether，she is a good girl 李萍工作努力，总是帮助别人。总之，她是个好女孩。,活学活用 (1)写出下列句中altoget
19、her的含义 The food was good and we loved the musicAltogether it was a great evening( ) Altogether，about 50 NATO aircraft took part in the attack( ) I dont altogether agree with you( ) 答案：总之 总共 完全地,(2)用恰当词语填空 The hotel was nice；the weather was warm；the beaches were beautiful_，Id say it was a great trip
20、答案：Altogether 句意：旅馆很不错，天气很暖和，海滩很漂亮。总之(altogether)，我得说这是一次很棒的旅行。,6objection n不赞成；反对；极不愿意；抗议 Nobody offered any objection 没有人提出反对意见。 Id like to come too，if youve no objection 你要不反对的话，我也愿意来。 I feel a strong objection to getting up early 我极不愿意早起。,知识拓展 (1)raise/voice an objection to.对提出异议 There is no obj
21、ection to .没有什么不可以的 have no objection to (doing) sth不反对(做) (2)object v不赞成；反对；抗议 object to (doing) sth反对、抗议(做)某事 (3)objective adj如实的，客观的，无偏见的,比较网站 object，oppose,活学活用 (1)句型转换 Most countries in eastern Europe object to that in principle Most countries in eastern Europe_ _ _ _that in principle 答案：have a
22、n objection to (2)单句改错 They objected to go there by bus because it would take a long time _ 答案：gogoing,7forbid vt禁止；不准 His parents forbade him to watch TV at night 他的父母不允许他晚上看电视。 The new law forbids smoking in offices 新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。,名师点津 forbid 后面不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，而是跟动名词作宾语，但可以用forbid sbto do sth。,活学活用 (1
23、)补全句子 她的父亲禁止他们结婚。 Her father forbade_ _ Her father forbade_ _ _ They were_ _ _by her father 答案：their marriage them to marry forbidden to marry,(2)用恰当形式填空 Smoking is harmful to healthIt should _(forbid)in public places 答案：be forbidden 句意：吸烟有害健康，公共场所应该禁止吸烟。此处应用被动语态，故填be forbidden。 He was forbidden_(le
24、ave)to leave the house as a punishment 答案：to leave 句意：作为惩罚，他被禁止离开那座房子。forbid sb to do sth“禁止某人去做某事”，此处为该短语的被动形式，故填to leave。,8(1)obtain vt获得；赢得 obtain sth(for sb)取得某物；(经买、借、拿等)获得，得到某物 I obtained this record for you with difficulty 我好不容易为你弄到了这张唱片。 She obtained her doctors degree in 2010 她2010年获得了博士学位。
25、 The books can be obtained from the library 这些书可以在图书馆里借到。,(2)attain vt获得；到达(水平、年龄、状况等) He attained his ambition at last 他终于实现了她的抱负。 On attaining 20，she will apply for the job 一到20岁她就要申请这份工作。,比较网站 attain常指经过不懈努力获得未曾预料的结果；也可指达到某一目标。 obtain一般用于正式文体中。指经过较长时间的努力或奋斗获得所需之物，强调愿望得到满足。 achieve多指取得成就、目标、幸福。 ea
26、rn表示经过艰苦努力而得到报酬，或得到了理应享有的某种待遇，其宾语多为金钱、荣誉等。,gain指通过斗争、竞争或付出劳动而获得某种优势或达到某种目的。其宾语通常是经验、优势、利益、好处等。 get最常用，可指主动去“获得，得到”，也可能是被迫“接受”，有时指不一定需要主动或付出很大努力就能得到。 win多指在竞赛中“获得，赢得”，有时也用于指在战争中“获得”胜利，宾语通常是比赛、战斗、战争等。 acquire指通过努力、能力、行为表现等“获得，得到”，其宾语多为知识、技术、能力等。,活学活用 (1)选词填空(obtain/attain) Five years later，she_her amb
27、ition of becoming a pilot 五年后，她实现了她当飞行员的梦想。 Further information can be_from our head office 更详细的信息可从我们的总部获得。 答案：attained obtained,(2)补全句子 每个人都有权利去获得美丽、健康和成功。 Everyone _ _ _ _ _beauty，health and success 答案：has the power to attain,1pay off 得到好结果；取得成功 Did your plan pay off？ 你的计划成功了吗？ Her hard work fina
28、lly paid offshe came first in the English contest 她的努力最终得到了回报英语竞赛中她得了第一名。,付清；偿清 We paid off our debt after fifteen years 我们历经15年时间终于还清了债务。 解雇；遣散 The crew were paid off as soon as the ship docked 船一泊港，船员就被解雇了。,知识拓展 pay sthoff 全部偿还；偿清 pay sboff 付清某人工资并解雇 pay for 买；为付款；为付出代价 pay back 还钱；偿还；报复 pay money
29、 for sth付钱买 pay out 付出大笔款项；放松 pay up 付清欠款,活学活用 补全句子 (1)(真题改编江苏)Dad，I dont think Oliver the right sort of person for the job I seeIll go right away and _ _ _ (付账走人) 答案：pay him off 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意： 爸爸，我认为奥利弗不是做这项工作的适当人选。我明白。我这就去结账让他走人。pay sboff付清工资后解雇(某)人，符合题意。,(2)Ling Feng won the first prize in the na
30、tional English competition and Im glad that her efforts at last _ _ (成功) 答案：paid off,2cast down 沮丧；不愉快 Anybody would be cast down at such bad news 这样的坏消息谁听了都会感到沮丧。 He was much cast down by his failure to find work 他找不到工作十分泄气。,He was cast down by the result of the experiment 他被实验的结果搞得很沮丧。,知识拓展 cast a
31、side把丢在一旁；抛弃；消除 cast away放弃；(船难时)丢下人 cast off抛弃；脱掉；解缆起航 cast out 驱逐；赶走 cast about/around for考虑；计划；寻找,If you were cast away on a desert island，what would you miss most？ 如果你因沉船而被丢在荒岛上，你最想念什么？ You really must cast off all these bad habits 你确实应该抛弃这些坏习惯。 注意：cast的过去式和过去分词都是cast；cast down通常用被动语态。,活学活用 完成句子
32、 (1)我们因船只失事而漂流到了一个孤岛上，没有食物也没有水。 We were_ _on an island without food or water 答案：cast away (2)Dont be so_ _(不要这么沮丧)I believe you will pay off sooner or later 答案：cast down,(3)Since he heard of his failure at the examination，Tom has been very _ _(沮丧) 答案：cast down 句意：汤姆自从听说考试不及格后，一直垂头丧气。be cast down (by
33、 sth) 表示“(因某事)沮丧，不愉快”。,3have/make an impact on.对有影响 impact C，usually sing &U(of sth)(on sb/sth)巨大影响；强大作用 The move is not expected to make an impact on the companys employees 预计这一行动对公司职员不会产生什么巨大的影响。 Our regional measures have had a significant impact on unemployment 我们地区的措施对失业有重大影响。,知识拓展 achieve/make
34、 an impact on 对造成影响 have an effect on 对有影响 make a difference to 对有影响,活学活用 补全句子 你所做的每一个小决定都会对你将来的生活产生巨大的影响。 Every small decision you make will _ _ _ _ _your life in the years to come 答案：have a big impact/effect/influence on,4in favour of 赞同；支持；赞成 Im all in favour of equal pay for equal work 我完全支持同工同酬
35、。 I talked to Susan about it，and shes all in favour of going 我与苏珊谈了这件事，她完全赞同走。,知识拓展 in sbs favour对某人有利 do sba favour do a favour for sb给某人帮忙 owe sba favour欠某人情 ask sbfor a favourask a favour of sb向某人求助 Could you do me a favour and tell Kelly I cant make it？ 你帮个忙告诉凯莉说我来不了了好吗？,巧学助记 “in名词of”短语： in need
36、 of需要 in praise of 为了赞扬 in search of 寻找 in charge of 负责 in place of 代替,in memory of 为了纪念 in case of 万一；如果 in terms of 就而言 in respect of 关于；作为的报酬 in honour of 为了纪念，为向表示敬意 in the form of 以的形式,活学活用 (1)用favour的相关短语填空 We are all_ _ _(赞同)this plan The exchange rate is_ _ _(对我们有利)at the moment Could you_ _
37、 _ _(帮我个忙)and pick up Sam from school？ 答案：in favor of in our favor do me a favor,(2)补全句子 Laws will have to be made to ensure that cloning researches develop further _ _ _(支持)mankind 答案：in favour of,1It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones 当园艺师从生长着的植物上剪下
38、枝条来培植新植物，就会产生这种现象。 (1)句中when引导时间状语从句，在时间状语从句中，不定式短语to make new ones作目的状语。 He went to the market to buy some vegetables 他去市场买一些蔬菜。,It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just to have a look at the sports stars 真令人难以置信，那些粉丝们在体育馆外等了三个小时仅仅是为了看看那些体育明星。,注意：不定式作目的状语时其逻辑主语应
39、为句子主语，此时应注意人称一致。 为了及时赶到那里，他把车开得很快。 【误】To get there in time，his car was driven by him very fast 【正】To get there in time，he drove his car very fast 【析】“为了及时赶到那里”的逻辑主语应为人而不是车。,(2)ones在此用于代替前面的名词plants。ones可用于代替复数可数名词，表示一个泛指概念。 Give me some applesI want big ones 给我一些苹果。我要大的。,比较网站 one(ones)，the one(the o
40、nes)与that(those)，it (1)one用来替代前面出现的单数名词，是泛指概念，相当于a/an单数名词；其复数形式是ones。 (2)the one用来替代前面特指的单数名词，有时可用that替代(尤其在有后置定语的情况下)；其复数形式是the ones。 (3)that用来替代前面出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示特指，相当于the单数/不可数名词；和前面提到的事物是同一类，但不是同一个；其复数形式是those。,(4)it用于代替前面提到的单数名词，和前面提到的是同一事物。 My uncle gave me a very valuable present，one(a pres
41、ent) that I had never seen 我叔叔给了我一件贵重的礼物，一件我从没见过的礼物。 This bike is more expensive than the one in the corner 这辆自行车要比在拐角的那辆贵得多。 The area of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou 上海的面积比苏州的面积大。,Equipped with modern facilities，todays hospitals are quite different from those (the hospitals) of the past 配
42、备了现代化的设备，现在的医院与过去的医院有很大不同。 I bought a new dictionary yesterday，and it (the dictionary) is very useful 昨天我买了一本新词典，它非常有用。,活学活用 用恰当形式或词语填空 (1)(2015真题改编北京)_(catch)the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early 答案：To catch 句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前叫出租车并且
43、早起的目的。故填to catch。,(2)(真题改编辽宁)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then _ of her colleagues 答案：that 考查代词的用法。句意：让德拉高兴的是，她先是赢得了学生的信任，然后又赢得了同事的信任。that代指上文的不可数名词the trust。 (3)I want to buy a present for my mother，_ that is not expensive but meaningful 答案：one 句意：我想为我妈妈买一件礼物，一件不贵但又非常
44、有意义的礼物。在此礼物是可数名词，且表泛指概念，故用one。,2Firstly，gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants 第一，园艺师一直用它生产大量的供商用的植物。 本句是简单句，不定式短语to produce.作目的状语，quantities of是固定短语，意为“大量，许多”，其后可接可数名词和不可数名词。 She has quantities of good clothes in her store 她的商店里有许多好衣服。,注意：“quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词
45、用复数形式；a large quantity of不管后面跟可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词都要用单数形式，比较： A large quantity of books has been offered to us 大量书籍被提供给我们。 Large quantities of money have been sent there 大量资金被输送到那儿。 Quantities of food were on the table 桌上摆了大量食物。,活学活用 用恰当形式填空 Why does the lake smell terrible？ Because large quantities of water _(pollute) 答案：have been polluted “large quantities of名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，且water与pollute为动宾关系，再根据语意填have been polluted。,
