1、Module 2,Grammar,Fantasy LiteraturePhilip Pullman,分词主要是指现在分词和过去分词两种。分词做状语主要有以下几种形式： 1.如果分词和句中的主语是主动的关系，则用现在分词形式 A.如果现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示的动作或状态是同时发生的或几乎同时发生： Doing sth, sb/sth. Walking down the street, she saw a big building.,分词做状语,B. 如果分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动词所表示的动作才发生，则现在分词需用完成形式 ： Having done sth, sb/sth Havin
2、g already seen the film twice, she did not want to go to the cinema. C. 否定形式，在分词前加NOT: Not doing sth, sb/sth Not knowing her address, we could not get in touch with her.,Not having done sth, sb/sth Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them.,2.如果分词和句中的主语是被动的关系，则用过去分词形式
3、.A. Done, sb/sth Encouraged by these successes, they decided to work even harder.,B. Having been done, sb/sth Having been given enough attention, the trees grow very well C. Not done, sb/sth Not followed by any spies, 007 felt relieved. Not having been done, sb/sth Not having been told when to start
4、, he came late,分词做状语，要特别注意，分词所表示的必须是主语的一个动作或状态，也就是说，分词的意义上的主语必须和谓语动词的主语是一致的。试比较下面的句子： 1Walking through the park, we saw a lot of pigeons. 2. Walking through the park, the pigeons looked very beautiful. 3. Seen from the top of the mountain, the village looks like a small box 4. Seen from the top of t
5、he mountain, we find the village look like a small box.,注意,现在分词做状语： The ing form used as an adverbial, which is used to talk about actions that happen around the same time as the main verb. A. Indicating TIME Flying over the Channel, Allen saw the waves below. (When he was flying ) Entering my house
6、, I found a lot of books lying on the floor. (As soon as I entered the house),Note :If you have already done sth before the main verb, the present perfect has to be used. Having made full preparations, we are ready for the coming exams. (After we have made,) Having bought three tickets, I invited my
7、 students to the play. (After I had bought),B. Indicating REASON Being ill seriously last week, he stayed in hospital for a week. (Since he was ill last week,) Not knowing where to go, he wandered along the streets. ( Since he didnt know ,) She sent a letter to her father, hoping to get his support.
8、 ( because she hoped to get his support.),C. Indicating ATTENDANT CIRCUMATANCE（伴随） 1. The rooster pecked at the glittering stone, thinking that it might be useful to someone else. 2. Blackie ran over to the window, barking and wagging his tail. 3. The children walked along the West Lake, talking and
9、 laughing.,D. Indicating MANNER（方式） 1. Three times the villagers came running to the shepherd boy. 2. On hearing the news, he rushed out in a hurry, falling flat on the ground. 3. The boy played truant （逃学），hitchhiking 1000 miles from England to France. E. Indicating PURPOSE 1. I talked to John for
10、three hours, trying to persuade him to give up his plan. (in order to) 2. We asked some scientists and looked up the dictionaries, searching for a correct answer to our question.(in order to),F. Indicating CONDIION 1. Going straight down the road, you will find the post office. You cant miss it. (if
11、) 2. Working hard, youll succeed. (if) 以上状语结构的否定形式都在-ing 分词前加not。 1. Not hearing the bell, the naughty boy dashed out of the classroom. 2. Not realizing what happened, the mother burst out crying.,Conj.+-ing (present participle) as an adverbial when, while, before, after, since +-ing as an adverbial
12、 to express time 1. When meeting foreign guests, he always feels uneasy .= (When he meets,) 2. While eating supper, I often watch English news.= (When I eat ,) 3. After doing his homework, Tom went out to play football with his friends. =(After he did,) 4. Since leaving school, Ive never seen some o
13、f my university classmates. = (Since I left ,),Complete the sentences from thepassage with the words below.,putting pushing keeping watching,1. Still _. Will saw the cat behave strangely. 2. _ down his shopping bag will held out his hand. 3. He crossed the road. _ his eyes on the place where the cat
14、 had vanished. 4. _ his shopping bag through, he climbed through the hole.,Pushing,watching,Putting,Keeping,Match the two parts of the sentences.,1. Leaping into the air. 2. Shouting angrily. 3. The boy walked through the silent streets. 4. Picking up the knife. 5. The bear came out of the bushes.,A
15、. making a loud noise and showing its teeth B. the man waved his sword at the stranger. C. the boy looked at it carefully D. listening for the sound of human voices E. the witch vanished,E,-,B,-,D,-,C,-,A,Complete the sentences with the correctform of the verbs below.,put look see turn hold,1. The c
16、at leapt back, _ its tail high. 2. _ out a paw, the cat patted the air in front of her. 3. _ away, the cat approached him. 4. The cat stopped, _ at something invisible to Will.,looking,holding,Putting,Turning,Complete the passage.,Last weekend I walked into our local bookshop, (1)_ to find a copy of
17、 Philip Pullmans His Dark Materials. All my friends (2)_ read it and I wanted to know (3)_ found it (4)_ easily. (5)_ a No. 88 bus coming along the road, I decided to take it, (6)_ it was quite a long walk home.,hoping,had,why,so,Seeing,as,(7)_ on the bus, I was surprised to see an old friend of (8)
18、_. We started talking and I (9)_ realized that we had arrived at my stop. (10)_ up, I cried, “Please wait! This is my stop!” I (11)_ off the bus in time and smiled happily. Then, suddenly (12)_ I had left my books behind on the bus, I (13)_, “Stop, please!” But it was (14)_ late. The bus had gone aw
19、ay, (15)_ my books with it.,Riding,mine,suddenly,Jumping,got,realizing,shouted,too,taking,Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verbs below.,think know sit see leave,1. On _ her, the king immediately falls in love with her. 2. He marries her, not _ who she really is. 3. Before _ his
20、kingdom, he calls his son to him. 4. After _ about the situation, he decidesto kill the witch himself. 5. While _ by a pool, Ferdinand sees afrog.,sitting,seeing,knowing,leaving,thinking,Rewrite the sentences with the ing form of the verbs.,When he returns to the palace, the king marries the woman.O
21、n returning to the palace, the king marries the woman.,Example:,1. When he saw the witch, the boy ran away. On _.,2. Before he starts the war, the king speaks to the prince. Before _.,seeing the witch, the boy ran away,starting the war, the king speaks to the prince,3. While he was fighting in the w
22、ar, the prince learnt many things. While_.,4. After he had spoken to his son, the king went to war. After _.,5. Because he doesnt know what to do, Ferdinand follows the frogs advice. Not _.,fighting in the war, the prince learnt many things,speaking to his son, the king went to war,knowing what to d
23、o, Ferdinand follows the frogs advice,Complete the passage.,(1)_ entering the palace, the witch (2)_ immediately given her own rooms, (3)_ looked out onto a beautiful garden. The king took her into (4)_ garden, and (5)_ walking around it, he said, “All this is yours now.” On (6)_ these words, the wi
24、tch turned away (7)_ smiled, (8)_ that she had won the kings heart, “(9)_ you be my wife?”,Will,After,was,which,the,after,hearing,and,knowing,asked the king, (10)_ into the witchs beautiful green eyes. The witch turned (11)_ from him. “I will,” she said, (12)_ looking at him, but looking down at the ground. Then she opened her (13)_ green eyes wide and said, “I am (14)_ happiest woman in the world.” (15)_ leaving the witch, the king went to tell his people the good news. But the witch sat alone, with a wicked smile on her face.,After,looking,away,without,big,the,
