1、英语必修 5 外研版 Module 6 精品教案（4）Module 6 Animals in DangerPeriod-4 非限制性定语从句定语从句一、引导定语从句的关系词1引导定语从句的常用关系词的用法 关系词 指代对象 在从句中所作成分who 指人 主、宾、表whom 指人 宾which 指物 主、宾、表that 既指人又指物 主、宾、表whose 既指人又指物 定关系代词as 既指人又指物 主、宾、表when 指时间 时间状语where 指地点 地点状语关系副词why 指原因 原因状语There are occasions when(on which) one had to yield.
2、任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我出生的地方。2定语从句中关系词的选用方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这是我去年待过的山村。方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分(主、宾、定、状) ，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词(who， whom， that，w
3、hich ， whose)；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词(where 作地点状语，when 作时间状语，why 作原因状语)。3that 和 which 引导的定语从句的区别that 和 which 都是关系代词，都可在从句中作主语或宾语，但两者存在着不同：先行词是 all, much, few, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等不定代词时先行词被 all， few，little，m uch，every, some，no 等词修饰或被 the only，the very, the same，the last 等
4、限定词修饰时先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时先行词是序数词或其前有序数词对其进行修饰时先行词既指人又指物时用 that 不用 which 的情况主句是 who 或 which 等引导的特殊疑问句时在非限制性定语从句中用 which 不用 that用 which 不用 that 的情况介词后边用 which 不用 thatWe should do everything that is useful to the people.我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。When we talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes into our mi
5、nd is the West Lake.我们谈论杭州时，首先想到的是西湖。This is the smallest computer that can be found in the world now.这是目前发现的世界上最小的计算机。二、 “介词十关系代词” 的用法1 “介词十关系代词” 结构中介词的确定方法。(1)根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed last night.警察所提到的那个目击证人昨晚被杀了。(2)根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。I dont know th
6、e reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他为何上学迟到。(3)根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。This is the pilot by whom my son was saved.这就是那位救了我儿子的飞行员。2 “介词十关系代词” 结构中的关系代词通常用 which 或 whom，不用 that。Ill never forget the day on which I joined the army.我永远也忘不了我参军的那一天。This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.这是我画画用的那支铅笔
7、。3关系副词 where，when ，wh y 可替换成“介词which”，介词取决于先行词及介词which 在从句中的作用。why 只可替换 for which。This is the house in which I lived two years ago.This is the house where I lived two years ago.这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。4 “不定代词或数词介词which/whom” 引导的定语从句说明整体中的部分。Last week, only two people came to look at the house, neither of who
8、m wanted to buy it.上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。5 “the名词of which”或“of whichthe名词” 可替换“whose 名词” ，引导定语从句。The house the windows of which/of which the windows were damaged has now been repaired.窗子遭破坏的那所房子现在已经修好了。三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别如下：限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系密切(删除后影响整个句子意义的表达)和先行词关系不密切(起补充说明的作
9、用，删掉后不影响整个句子意思的表达)不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开关系代词指物时可用 that、which 引导 不可以用 that 引导，只能用 which只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰主句或主句的一部分The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people are proud of.长城是中国人为之骄傲的建筑之一。(限制性定语从句 )Yesterday I met Mary, who looked very tired.昨天我遇到了玛丽，她看上去很累。(非限制性定语从句)四、as/whi
10、ch 引导的非限制性定语从句as引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整句话或整件事位置较灵活，可置于所修饰的句子前面、插在句子中或放在句子后一般译为“正如，就像”which 修饰主句或主句的一部分定语从句只置于所修饰的句子后一般译为“结果”As we all know, smoking is harmful to health.我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。He finished the task ahead of time, which is very important to us.他提前完成了任务，这对我们很重要。当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用 as。As is known to ever
11、ybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every mo
12、nth.众所周知，月亮每月绕地球转一圈。(后两句属于名词性从句范畴)五、关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词有 where，when ，why，在定语从句中代替先行词作状语，常可用“ 介词which”代替。1where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。Bamboo grows well in the place where it is warm and wet all the year.竹子在一年四季都温暖潮湿的地方生长得好。2when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm.我经常回想起我的童年，
13、那时我住在一个农场里。3why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。There are several reasons why we cant do that.(whyfor which)我们不那样做有好几个理由。【提示】 situation，case，point，stage 等表示“ 情况，方面”的名词后可接 where 引导的定语从句。I think youve got to the point where a change is needed，otherwise youll fail.我认为你已经到了应该有个改变的地步了，否则你会失败。六、正确选用关系词的依据1弄清关系词在从句中充当的句子成
14、分。如果先行词在从句中作主语，宾语，就用 that，which，who，whom 引导。如果先行词在从句中作状语，就用 where，when ，why 引导，此时，这些引导词可用相应的介词加 which 替换。2辨别先行词表示的是人、物、时间、地点还是原因等。3判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的。【提示】有时为了平衡句子结构，先行词同定语从句之间被隔开，形成分隔定语从句，应注意识别。(对应学生用书第 87 页).单项填空1(2012安徽高考)A lot of language learning， has been discovered, is happening in the first yea
15、r of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.Aas BitCwhich DThis【解析】 如果选择 B 或 D 就出现了两个句子了。本题考查非限制性定语从句，关系代词指整个一句话 A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as 用在句首、句中或句末，which 用在句末，正确答案应该是 A。【答案】 A2(2012北京高考) When deeply absorbed in work ， he of
16、ten was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.Athat BwhichCwhere Dwhen【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句，which 作表语，表示的就是前面整个句子的意思。句意：当沉下心工作后，他经常这样，他会忘了吃饭和睡觉。【答案】 B3(2012福建高考)The air quality in the city， is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.Athat BitCas Dwhat【解析】 本题考查定语从句的引导词。本句难点是把定语从句分
17、割出来放在句首就很明了了，把句子转换成 is shown in the report, the air quality in the city has improved over the past two months.就能直接看到非限制性定语从句引导词放句首指的是下文所提到的一句话，用 as 引导 “正如报告中所写的那样”。【答案】 C4(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual processeven the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which
18、【解析】 句意：心灵的护理是一个逐渐的过程，在这个过程中，甚至生活中那些微小的细节都应该加以考虑。in which 引导非限制性定语从句，which 代前面的 process。【答案】 D5(2012山东高考)Maria has written two novels, both of have been made into television series.Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhat【解析】 考查“介词which” 引导的非限制性定语从句。句中的先行词是 two novels，而且后面是一个非限制性定语从句，因此用 both of which 引导。that 不能引导非
19、限制性定语从句，也不能跟在介词后面；如果选 them，则前面需要有并列连词 and 或者是独立主格结构，即 both of them made into.。【答案】 C.用适当的关系代词/关系副词填空1The child answered the question was John.2The book you lent me was interesting.3Thank you for the help you have given me.4I cant see the reason she looks unhappy today.5You may take any book you like
20、.6The astronaut you met in my house is going to give us a report.7The biggest city I have ever been to is Shanghai.8All the books， had pictures in them, were sent to the little girl.9The house he lives now was once a museum.10I remember the day she first came to our class.【答案】 1.who/that 2.that/whic
21、h 3.that/which 4.why 5.that 6.who/whom/that 7.that 8.which 9.where 10.when一、掌握了多少词汇 二、背会了几个句型 三、语法的掌握程度 较好( ) 一般( )较差( )四、自己的不足 【瞭望高考】阅读理解。Since the 19 70s, scientists have been searching for ways to link the brain with computers. Brain-computer interface(BCI) technology could help people with disab
22、ilities send commands to machines.Recently, two researchers, Jose Millan and Michele Tavella from the Federal Polytechnic school in Lausanne, Switzerland, demonstrated（展示）a small robotic wheelchair directed by a persons thoughts.In the laboratory, Tavella operated the wheelchair just by thinking abo
23、ut moving his left or right band. He could even talk as he watched the vehicle and guided it with his thoughts.“our brain has bi llions of nerve ceils. These send signals through the spinal cord （脊髓）to the muscles to give us the ability to move. B ut spinal cord injuries or other conditions can prev
24、ent these weak electrical signals from reaching the muscles,” Tavella says. “Our system allows disabled people to communicate with external world and also to control devices.”The researchers designed a special cap for the user. This head cover picks up the signals from the scalp(头皮) and sends them t
25、o a computer. The computer interprets the signals and commands the motorized whee lchair. The wheelchair also has two cameras that identify objects in its path. They help the computer react to commands from the brain. Prof. Millan, the team leader, says scientists keep improving the computer softwar
26、e that interprets brain signals and turns them into simple commands. “The practical possibili ties that BCI technology offers to disabled people can be grouped in two categories: communication, and controlling devices. One example is this wheelchair.”He says his team has set two goals. One is testin
27、g with real patients, so as to prove that this is a technology they can benefit front. And the other is to guarantee that they can use the technology over long periods of time.1.BCI is a technology that can A. help to update computer systems B. link the human brain with computersC. help the disabled
28、 to recover D. control a persons thoughts2. How“ did Tavella operate the wheelchair in the laboratory?A. By controlling his muscles. B. By talking to the machine.C. By moving his hand. D. By using his mind.3. Which of the following shows the path of the signals described in Paragraph 5?A. scalp comp
29、uter cap wheelchairB. computer cap scalp wheelchairC. scalp cap computer wheelchairD. cap compute scalp wheelchair4. The team will test with real patients to A. make profits from them B. prove the technology useful to themC. make them live longer D. learn about their physical condition5. Which of the followin g would be the best title for the text?A. Switzerland, the BCI Research CenterB. New Findings About How the Human Brain WorksC. BCI Could Mean More Freedom for the DisabledD. Robotic Vehicles Could Help to Cure Brain Injuries【文章大意】科普说明文。本文介绍了 BCI 脑机接口技术，它是帮助残疾人向机器输送指令。【参考方案】1-5、BDCBC
