1、UNIT 8诚实：它将离开时尚？-以往考虑过考试中的做弊吗？当然没有。但一些学生并不那么诚实作者：斯泰茜娅罗宾斯按照最近的一次民意测验，61%的美国高中学生承认在考试时至少做弊一次。它被争论如此一个反馈并不意味着多少。毕竟，最多的学生已经面对窥视邻近考试卷的诱惑。并且学生几乎不能自主地判断如此的行为。不管怎样，有其他的显示高中做弊行为可能是在上升。越来越多的州要求学生通过能力测试为了接收他们的高中文凭。许多教育者担心在州测试的习惯中的一个增长将导致做弊行为的相应增长。一个适合的例子是纽约州的学生受到犯有轻罪的指控，即拥用并出售州董事考试的高级拷贝。做弊现在被认为是大专院校的主要问题。几名教授说
2、他们已经放弃了传统的答题纸的需求因为许多学生购买事先写好的答题纸，并且他们不能搜寻到更多的做弊者。这个国家的大专院校已经决定不只是光谈论学生做弊的上升还要采取行动。例如，迈阿密大学的心理学系发动了一场停止做弊形成的运动。当 409 名学生列队离开他们的考场时，他们发现除了一个以外所有的出口都被锁住了。监考人要求每个学生出示一张附有照片的 ID 卡。那些说将 ID 卡留在宿舍或家里的学生被拍了面部照片。这个运动的目的是要抓那些来为别人考试的“替考人“学生。迈阿密大学的大多数学生赞成这个运动。这所大学的报纸社论说，“像警察逮捕违法超速驾驶者一样，这个目的不是要抓每一个人而是能够概括这个词的人。“我
3、们经常听到“过去的好时代“的话，那里美国人更好，更幸福，更诚实。但是他们更诚实吗？也许是吧，长时间以前生活是很不同于今天的样子的。学校的孩子习惯于知道亚伯拉罕林肯怎样走了 5 公里返还一便士因为他对一位顾客要价高了些。这是我们知道的像神话一样好的故事。但在林肯的情形中，这个故事是真实的不像乔治华盛顿与樱桃树的故事那样。华盛顿的第一位传记作者杜撰了乔治对他父亲说，“我不能告诉一个谎话，我要用斧头来对待它。 “的故事。在这两个故事中什么是重要的，不论如何，诚实被看做美国人个性的重要部分。这些只是许多故事之外的两个故事。在上个世纪里的学生通常不读“娱乐“故事。他们阅读讲有关道德价值的故事。这些故事相
4、当清晰地指出说谎、欺骗或偷窃的孩子的结局都是糟糕的。父母可能会进一步鼓励这些价值。要想知道是困难的。我们知道孩子不听他们的父母谈论在税收上欺骗政府没有任何东西。关于为什么过去时代的美国人更诚实的一个线索就是亚伯拉罕林肯的故事。林肯认识他的顾客。他们都生活在一个小镇子里。大超市里的结帐员会返还钱给一名顾客？它是更少有可能性。就其他方面而言，在一家夫妻经营的小店里过夜的客人会偷毛巾？它是更少有可能性。可能这告诉我们人们需要相互知道是最诚实的。美国人的绝大部分仍然相信诚实是一个美国人个性的重要部分。因为这一点，有大量的监督委员会分散在社会的各个层面。比起过去的岁月最近几年在学校、商业和政府中的不诚实
5、现象显得更多，但这也可能是因为我们在揭露不诚实行为方面做得更好。有证据表明不诚实会时高时落。当时代是困难的时偷盗和欺骗事件会上升。当时代变得更好如此事件会趋于下降。学校中的做弊也呈现出或高或落。但它并不显示出与经济有关。许多教育者感到当学生获得自信对于自己的能力，他们是更少会做弊。奇怪的是，一些防止做弊的努力实际上在鼓励做弊一个人可能会感到“他们怎么也不信任我，“并且试图“ 冲击这个制度“。不信任会被传染。但，信任也能够传染！TEXTEver thought about cheating on a text? Of course not. But some students are not q
6、uite so honest.Honesty: Is It Goning Out of Style?Stacia RobbinsAccording to a recent poll, 61 percent of American high school students have admitted to cheating on exams at least once. It can be argued such a response may not mean much. After all, most students have been faced with the temptation t
7、o peek at a neighbors test paper. And students can be hard on themselves in judging such behavior. However, there are other indications that high school cheating may be on the rise.More and more states are requiring students to pass competency tests in order to receive their high school diplomas. An
8、d many educators fear that an increase in the use of state exams will lead to a corresponding rise in cheating. A case in point is students in New York State who faced criminal misdemeanor charges for possessing and selling advance copies of state Regents examinations.Cheating is now considered to b
9、e a major problem in colleges and universities. Several professors say theyve dropped the traditional term paper requirement because many students buy prewritten term papers, and they cant track down all the cheaters anymore.Colleges and universities across the nation have decided to do more than ta
10、lk about the rise in student cheating. For instance, the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland launched a campaign to stop one form of cheating. As 409 students filed out of their exam, they found all but one exit blocked. Proctors asked each student to produce an ID card with an at
11、tached photo. Students who said theyd left theirs in the dorm or at home had a mug shot taken. The purpose of the campaign was to catch “ringers, students who take tests for other students.The majority of students at the University of Maryland applauded the campaign. The campus newspaper editorial s
12、aid, “Like police arresting speeders, the intent is not to catch everyone but rather to catch enough to spread the word.We frequently hear about “the good old days, when Americans were better, happier, and more honest. But were they more honest? Maybe yes, a long time ago when life was very differen
13、t from what it is today.School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny hed overcharged a customer. Its the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true. unlike the story of George Washington and the cherry tree. W
14、ashingtons first biographer invented the tale of little George saying to his father, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my ax.“ What is important in both stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.And these are just two stories out of many. Students in
15、 the last century usually didnt read “fun“ stories. They read stories that taught moral values. Such stories pointed out quite clearly that children who lied, cheated, or stole came to bad ends.Parents may have further reinforced those values. Its difficult to know. We do know that children didnt he
16、ar their parents talk of cheating the government on income taxes - there werent any.A clue as to why Americans may have been more honest in the past lies in the Abe Lincoln story. Lincoln knew his customer. They both lived in a small town. Would a check-out person at a large supermarket return money
17、 to a customer? It s less likely. On the other hand, would overnight guests at an inn run by a husband and wife, steal towels? Its less likely.Perhaps this tells us that people need to know one another to be at their honest best.The vast majority of Americans still believe that honesty is an importa
18、nt part of the American character. For that reason, there are numerous watch-dog committees at all levels of society. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, could it be that we are getting better at revealing such di
19、shonesty?There is some evidence that dishonesty may ebb and flow. When times are hard, incidents of theft and cheating usually go up. And when times get better such incidents tend to go down.Cheating in school also tends to ebb and flow. But it doesnt seem linked to the economy.Many educators feel t
20、hat as students gain confidence in themselves and their abilities, they are less likely to cheat. Surprisingly, some efforts to prevent cheating may actually encourage cheating - a person may feel “they dont trust me anyway,“ and be tempted to “beat the system.“ Distrust can be contagious. But, so c
21、an trust!NEW WORDSHonesty freedom from deceit, cheating, etc诚实style fashion时髦poll survey of public opinion by putting questions to a representative selection of persons民意测验admit state or agree to the truth of; confess承认;供认admissiontemptation the act of tempting or being tempted 引诱;诱惑peek look (at )
22、quickly, esp. when one should not偷看behavio(u)r way of behaving行为behaveindication sign or suggestion迹象competency ability; being competent能力;胜任diploma official paper showing that a person has successfully finished a course of study or passed an examination文凭corresponding matching相应的criminal of crimemi
23、sdemeano(u)r crime that is less serious than, for example, stealing or murder 轻罪charge accusation指控possess have, own占有.拥有advance made available before the date of general publication or release 预先的regent member of a governing board(学校董事会的) 董事drop give up. Discontinue放弃;革除traditional of or according
24、to tradition传统的traditionrequirement required; demanded as a condition要求;必要条件prewritten written beforehand; written in advancepsychology science of the mind 心理学psychologicallaunch start, set going发起;发动campaign series of planned activities for some special purpose运动file march or move in a line 排成纵队行进e
25、xit way out of a place出口(处)proctor 监考人ID card identity card身份证dorm (short for) dormitory宿舍mug the face or mouthshot a single photographmug shot photograph of a persons face, used for purposes of identification 面部照片ringer any person who pretends to be another冒名顶替者applaud praise esp. by striking ones
26、hands together拍手称赞campus university; the grounds of a university, college, or school大学;校园editorial leading article社论arrest seize in the name of the law逮捕speeder person who drives an automobile at a higher speed than is lawful违法超速驾驶者intent purpose; intentionfrequently at short intervals, often 频繁地fre
27、quentovercharge charge too much对.要价太高customer person who buys goods from a shop, esp. regularly顾客myth 神话unlike not like, different fromcherry 樱桃biographer person who writes about another persons life传记作家ax(e) 斧子character mental or moral qualities that make one person, race, etc. different from other
28、s性格;品质moral concerning principles of right or wrong 道德的reinforce encourage or strengthen加强tax 税;税款clue that helps ps to find an answer to a question线索check-out desk where one pays the bill of the goods one has chosen结帐处supermarket large shop where one serves oneself with food and goods超级市场overnight
29、for or during the night 住一夜的;一整夜的inn small hotel小旅馆;客栈towel 毛巾vast very bignumerous manywatch-dog organized or acting as a watchful guardian, esp. against unlawful practice起监督作用的dishonesty the quality of being dishonestreveal make known揭露evidence (of the tide) flow back from the land to the sea; gro
30、w less; become weak or faint洛潮,低落,衰退flow (of the tide) come in; rise; run or spread smoothly(潮) 涨;上升;流incident event; happening事件theft (the act of, an instance of) stealingtend have a tendency易于;往往会link join or connect连接;联系economy 经济anyway at all; in any case究竟;无论如何tempt attract to do wrong or fooli
31、sh引诱system 体制;制度systematicdistrust lack of trust; mistrust不信任;怀疑contagious tending to spread easily from person to person传染的PHRASES EXPRESSIONSOut of style no longer fashionable 过时的,不再流行的according to as stated or shown by; in a way that agrees with按照;根据(be) faced with 面对be hard on 对.过分严厉on the rise
32、increasing steadily在增长;在加剧a case in point a very good example恰当的例子all but all except除了.都(be) different from unlike, not the same as 与.不同think of . as regard as in the case of 就 .来说,至于come to arrive at a particular state or position 变成(某种状态)lie in exist in 在于on the other hand from the opposed point o
33、f view另一方面,反过来说at ones best in as good a state as possible 处于最佳状态go up rise; increase上升;增加go down fall; decrease下降;减少PROPER NAMESStacia Robbins 斯泰茜娅.罗宾斯Maryland 马里兰(美国州名)Abe 艾贝(Abraham 的呢称)NOTES1 This text is adapted from Senior Scholastic Oct. 31, 1980.2 competency test: test to determine whether o
34、r not a person possesses a certain skill. Usually it is done in reading and math computations, not in all subject areas. Recently more and more states in the U.S. are requiring students to pass a competency test to receive a high school diploma.3 state Regents examinations: In New York State, the De
35、partment of Education requires high school students to take year end examinations n science, math, and language subjects. These required exams are made out by the regents themselves and no one else is supposed to see them prior to their administration.4 . the intent is not to catch everyone but rath
36、er to catch enough to spread the word: . the intention is not to trap all the cheaters, but to get a few as a warnig to other students - if a few are caught, the other students will hear about it and be more hesitant to cheat.5 income tax: a government tax on a persons or a corporations income. The
37、U.S. has had income tax laws since 1913.6 beat the system: “The system“(现存社会体制) usually means the network of established political, social, and economic institutions that control a country, but in our text it refers to the educational system and more pointedly the way in which one earns grades. Norm
38、ally, a student must do a certain amount of work to earn a good grade. However, if you cheat and receive a good grade you have beaten the “system.“STUDY PRACTICEWords to DrillAdmit anyway arrest behavior Campaign charge clue contagiousCorresponding economy evidenceIncident indication launch linkMora
39、l numerous overnight possess Reinforce requirement reveal style tempt tend unlike vastReading Aloud and Memorizing1 Read the following paragraph until you learn it by heart:School children used to know the story of how Abraham Lincoln walked five miles to return a penny hed overcharged a customer. I
40、ts the kind of story we think of as myth. But in the case of Lincoln, the story is true. unlike the story of George Washington and the cherry tree. Washingtons first biographer invented the tale of little George saying to his father, “I cannot tell a lie. I did it with my ax.“ What is important in b
41、oth stories, however, is that honesty was seen as an important part of the American character.2 read the following poem:Beauty is seenIn the sunlight,The trees, the birds,Corn growing and people workingOr dancing for their harvest.Beauty is heard In the night,Wind sighing, rain falling,Or a singer c
42、hantingAnything in earnest.Beauty is in yourself.Good deeds, happy thoughtsThat repeat themselvesIn your dreams,In your work.And even in your rest.E- Yeh- Shure阳光之下看得到美绿树成荫，百鸟欢唱。玉米在生长，人们工作忙，庆丰收跳舞心欢畅。夜阑人静听得到美风声疯疯，雨声淅沥歌手在低吟美就在你自己身上。高尚的行为，美好的思想在你的梦中在你的工作中甚至在休息时也在不断光大发扬。E -耶- 舒尔Comprehension of the Text
43、3 choose the best answer for each of the following:1. An increase in the use of state exams many result ina. more states requiring students to pass competency tests.b. more students receiving high school diplomas.c. a drop in criminal misdemeanor charges.d. a rise in high school cheating.2. The purp
44、ose in making students produce an ID card with a photo when they take an exam isa. to make students more aware of the great amount of cheating going on.b. to catch bright students who sell the information they remember to other students.c. to catch students who take tests for other students.d. to co
45、mpare test results of students who sat near each other.3. The campaign launched by the Department of Psychology at the University of Maryland is sited as an example to show thata. students can be hard on themselves in judging some behavior as cheatingb. proctors are very clever at tracking down chea
46、ters.c. Colleges and universities have resolved to do more than talk about the rise in student cheating.d. psychology professors are determined to catch all those who take tests for their fellow students.4. cording to the campus newspaper editorial, the purpose of the campaign was a. to help police
47、catch enough speeders.b. to catch as many cheaters as is necessary to make known the warning.c. to track down as many “ringers“ as possible to discourage cheating.d. to stop all forms of cheating once and for all.5. When the author says that the story of Lincoln and the over-charged penny is seen as
48、 myth, he probably implies thata. nowadays people tend to think what is told in this kind of story is too good to be true.b. honesty used to be thought of as an important part of the American character.c. people are not to be expected to believe such an invention.d. its the kind of story that is han
49、ded down from olden times.6. According to the author, it is certain that in the last centurya. parents did everything they could to impress moral values on their children.b. no parents ever spoke of cheating the government on income taxes in the presence of their children, as there were no income taxes then.c. there werent any parents who ever tried to reinforce moral values.d. moral values taught in stories were further reinforced by parents.7. The author suggests that the apparent increase in dishonesty in American society may indicatea. general breakdo
