1、This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller
2、and DS18B20 temperature sensor.Date:07/25/2013急救知识培训医务室 李 XXThis paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. Th
3、e core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.目录1、急救的基本程序2、创伤的处理3、其它急症的处理This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital te
4、mperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.迅速对环境危险因素及伤患情况进行判断审视自己有无能力救助急救的基本程序表明身份检查，初步评估电话求救再度评估，安慰伤病患者，说明将要 进行的救助程序现场急救：安全、预防传染、避免再度伤害，争取时间挽 救生命This paper mainly introduces the design of an in
5、telligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.急救处理流程判断有无能力救助有能力
6、救助立刻进行正确救助无能力救助立刻呼救或送救发现有人需要救助根据情况决定救援到来之前1.病情一般，向医务室求助电话： 37672.病情严重，尽快拨打急救电话： 3220154(陈江医院 )This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20
7、 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.目录1、急救的基本程序2、创伤的处理3、其它常见急症的处理This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and co
8、ntrol by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.创伤概述创伤是由机械因素引起人体组织或器官的破坏。严重创伤可引起全身反应，局部表现有伤区疼痛、肿胀；骨折脱位时有畸形及功能障碍。严重创伤还可能有致命的大出血、休克、窒息及意识障碍。急救时应先防治休克，保持呼吸道通畅，对伤口包扎止血
9、，并进行伤肢固定，将伤员安全、平稳、迅速地转送到医院进一步处理，开放性伤口要及时行清创术。创伤的预防在于进行安全教育及采取安全措施。 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcompu
10、ter. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.创伤出血的类型动脉出血 鲜红色，喷射状，量多，危害大深部组织或内脏损伤，形成脏器血肿或体腔积血。表现 为面色苍白、呕血、便血、腹痛、脉搏快弱，危及生命。内出血皮下出血外出血 血液从伤口破裂血管流出跌、撞、挤、挫伤致组织内出血，形成血肿、瘀斑静脉出血 暗红色，流出，时间长也危及生命毛细血管 鲜红或暗红色，渗出，呈珠状皮下出血外出血This paper mainly introduces the desi
11、gn of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.创伤的处理创
12、伤的处理原则 对大量出血的患者，首先采取止血方法； 对于挫伤、扭伤、骨折患者视情况进行固定，不可随便搬动； 对切割伤、刺伤等小伤口，要进行消毒处理，防止感染，大的 伤口要尽快清创、包扎。 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20
13、 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.常用伤口消毒液双氧水 双氧水具有氧化性，菌体上的蛋白质被氧化后，失去了生物活性，起杀菌消毒的作用，医疗上常用 3的双氧水进行伤口或中耳炎消毒。 酒精 通过破坏并凝固细菌蛋白质达到杀菌的作用。一般只用来对伤口周围的皮肤消毒，不能直接涂擦伤口。甲紫溶液 具有杀菌、收敛、促进结痂作用，多用于皮肤、黏膜的创伤感染及真菌感染，不宜用于较深伤口及较脏伤口，否则
14、痂下易积存脓液。 碘伏 碘伏对皮肤黏膜无刺激、无腐蚀 ,可直接涂擦伤口。其可在创面上形成一层保护膜 ,不易让细菌及尘埃再次侵入伤口。碘酊 具有氧化破坏病原体原浆蛋白的活性基因，并与蛋白质的氨基结合而使其变性而到达消毒目的。是临床上比较常用的消毒液This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digit
15、al temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.伤口清洗与消毒有污物的伤口应先清洗再消毒，可用生理盐水、双氧水、冷开水、矿泉水或是自来水冲洗。伤口清洗常用消毒液为碘伏、碘酊，有出血的伤口不可直接用酒精消毒， 伤口消毒应注意以下几点：伤口消毒This paper mainly introduces the design of an inte
16、lligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.伤口消毒应注意 棉签蘸取消毒液后不可抖
17、回多余的消毒水，更不可放回到消毒液瓶中； 清洁伤口应从伤口中心开始向四周螺旋式转动消毒，化脓伤口应先从周围开始向化脓处消毒，然后再从中心开始向周围消毒； 消毒棉签只能用一遍，不可来回重复擦拭伤口； 消毒好的伤口不可用手去触摸或是擦拭。 消毒范围应包括伤口周围至少 1cm的地方，至少消毒 2遍来回擦拭 螺旋式转动 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and
18、 control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.创伤的处理擦伤、割伤刺伤 对伤口小、出血少者，宜在伤口挤压出一些血液，再消毒伤口； 若被针、金属片等刺伤而留于体内， 不要自行取出 ，到医务室用经灭菌过的器械取出，再消毒后包扎伤口。不洁物的刺伤要预防破伤风，宜到医院肌肉注射
19、破伤风抗毒素。 浅的伤口挤出少量血液，用冷开水或生理盐水冲洗拭干后，止血，以碘伏、碘酊消毒，然后包扎，一般多能较快痊愈。对较小伤口外用 “ 创可贴 ” 即可。 较深的伤口，应立即压迫止血，宜速到医院行清创术，视伤情而缝合修补。刀伤伤口不可直接涂抹软膏之类的药物，以利伤口愈合。擦伤割伤刺伤This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by u
20、sing single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.创伤的处理挫伤扭伤 常发生在踝部、腰部、颈部及手腕等处。一般处理原则是让患者安定情绪，固定受伤部位，用 冷湿布敷盖 患处， 24小时内禁用活血药物。 手足扭伤者可 抬高患部 ，颈部、腰部扭伤者在搬运时不可移动患部。扭伤常伴有关节脱位或骨折，宜到医院诊
21、疗。 钝力打击所致的皮肤和皮下软组织损伤，皮肤无裂口，伤部青紫，皮下瘀血，肿胀，压痛。轻者可用湿毛巾冷敷或冰敷， 24小时后热敷或用消肿散瘀的药。 对胸腹部挫伤及头部伤，应考虑有无深部血肿或内脏损伤出血，宜到医院观察诊断。挫伤扭伤This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital tempe
22、rature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.外伤救护四项技术 外伤止血外伤止血外伤包扎外伤包扎安全搬运安全搬运外伤固定外伤固定四项技术This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the funct
23、ion of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.止血指压止血法指压止血法包扎止血法包扎止血法填塞止血法填塞止血法止血带止血法止血带止血法止血方法材料 :棉签、纱布、清洁毛巾、布条、绷带、止血带，就地取材T
24、his paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller a
25、nd DS18B20 temperature sensor.止血指压止血法 伤口较小、出血不多 : 可直接按压在伤口上止血 伤口较大、出血较多 ,伤口中有异物无法取出时用 间接按压法止血 间接按压方法：用拇指按压出血血管上方（近心端）的动脉压迫点上，使血流中断或使伤口部位抬升至心脏以上的位置，也有较好的止血效果。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and
26、 control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.指压止血法头部出血头顶出血-颞浅动脉颜面部出血-面动脉下肢出血小腿出血 -腘动脉下肢大出血 -股动脉上肢出血手指出血-指动脉手部出血-桡、尺动脉前臂以下出血-肱动脉This paper mainly introduces t
27、he design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor
28、.止血加压包扎法 用敷料或其他洁净的毛巾、手绢、等覆盖伤口，用绷带紧紧包扎能达到较长时间压迫止血的目的； 有骨折或伤口中有异物时，不能用此法。填塞止血法 适用于较深较大，出血多，组织损伤严重的伤口以及鼻腔、牙齿等部位的止血 : 将消毒或清洁的棉球、纱布等敷料塞于凹陷伤口处，可达到止血的目的。填塞止血法This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and contr
29、ol by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.止血止血带止血 适用于四肢大动脉出血用其它止血方法无效时使用。 上肢出血结扎于上臂上 1/3处，下肢出血结扎于大腿的中上段。注意事项：1.止血带应放在伤口的近心端2.止血带不要直接扎在皮肤上3.松紧合适，以能止住血为度4.每隔 1h放松
30、 2 3min；放松期间，应用指压法暂时止血5.要有上止血带的标志，注明上止血带的时间和部位 医用止血带布条止血带This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The c
31、ore components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.包扎材料：创可帖、绷带、胶带、三角巾，就地取材螺旋反折环形包扎 螺旋包扎上肢 “ 8” 字形 下肢 “ 8” 字形 回返式包扎伤口有异物包扎法悬挂式This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measuremen
32、t and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.固定上臂骨折前臂骨折脊柱骨折大腿骨折小腿骨折This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system
33、which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.搬运搬运的注意事项： 移动患者前，先检查头、颈、胸、腹和四肢是否有损伤，如果有，应先作急救处理，如止血、固定
34、后再搬运。 搬运脊柱骨折的患者，要保持患者身体的固定。颈椎骨折的患者除了身体固定外，还要有专人牵引固定头部，避免移动。 用担架搬运患者，一般头略高于脚，但休克患者则脚略高于头，行进时，患者的脚在前，头在后，以便于观察患者的情况。有脑脊液耳漏、鼻漏，头部抬高 30度。昏迷患者头偏于一侧。 用汽车运送时，床位要固定，防止颠簸、刹车时使患者再度受伤、疼痛。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperat
35、ure measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.搬运扶行 抱持法多人搬运 双人搬运背负法搬运的方法：This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperatu
36、re control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.一般烫伤的处理 立即用冷水冲洗 10-30分钟，或冷水浸泡直至无疼痛感觉
37、，然后剪开并脱去伤处衣服或饰品 轻轻擦干伤处，涂专用的烧伤膏，用 消毒敷料（或清洗毛巾） 遮盖保护 不可挑破水疱，也不要乱涂药水、药膏 严重烧烫伤者口渴时不要喝白开水This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single
38、 chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.目录1、急救的基本程序2、创伤的处理3、其它常见病症的处理This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by us
39、ing single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.一、鼻出血的处理 让伤者用口呼吸及将倒流的血液吐出 头部应该保持正常直立或稍向前倾的姿势。 用冷毛巾敷前额、鼻部、颈部。 用手指由鼻子外面压迫出血侧的鼻前部 (软鼻子处 )5-10分钟，如 10分钟后仍不能止血，应尽快送医院。 仰头 塞鼻This pa
40、per mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS1
41、8B20 temperature sensor.二、眼睛进异物的处理 眼内进入沙尘类异物时：用两个手指头捏住上眼皮，轻轻向前提起，往眼内吹气，刺激流泪或滴眼药水冲出沙尘；也可翻开眼皮查找，用棉签、干净的纱布或手绢轻轻沾出沙尘。 眼内进入铁屑或玻璃、瓷器类的危险颗粒：切忌揉搓或来回擦拭眼睛，尤其是黑眼球上有嵌入物时，应闭上眼睛，然后用干净酒杯扣在有异物的眼上，再盖上纱布，用绷带固定去求医，尽量不要转动眼球。 溅入硫酸、烧碱：要立即就近寻找清水冲洗受伤的眼睛。冲洗时将伤眼一侧朝向下方，扒开眼皮，尽可能使腐蚀性化学物品全部冲出，也可打盆水，将眼睛浸入水中并不停眨眼。 溅入生石灰：一不能用手揉，二不能
42、直接用水冲洗。应用棉签或干净的手绢一角将生石灰粉拨出，然后再用清水反复冲洗伤眼至少 15分钟，冲洗后视情况去医院检查和治疗。 This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer.
43、 The core components of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.三、晕厥的处理 晕厥又称晕倒、虚脱，是因暂时性脑缺血、缺氧引起的短暂的意识不清，而突然倒在地上，晕厥发生多有诱因，情绪紧张、疼痛、过度疲劳、看见出血及处于闷热和通风不良的环境之中、空腹等都可能诱发。 晕厥的现场急救原则是恢复意识、清除诱因、尽早治疗，具体而言应采取以下措施：1. 不要惊慌，扶住将其平卧在空气流通处，取头低脚高姿势的卧位（如患者呼吸困难应该置于端坐卧位或半卧位）2. 解开衣领和腰带，保持空气流通
44、，避免围观3. 立即掐人中、合谷穴，另可让病员嗅氨水，有助于病员恢复意识。This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core components of th
45、e system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.晕厥的处理3. 畏服温茶水或咖啡一杯。如果怀疑晕厥和低血糖有关，可适量饮糖水。4. 如是中暑引起的晕厥应予冷开水或十滴水即服，冷毛巾湿敷散热。4. 晕厥好转后不要急于站起，应适当休息，以免再次晕厥。 一般，经过以上处理，晕厥病情就能缓解，果意识不清时间超过 10分钟，就可能发生昏迷等其他严重的情况 ,应尽快拨打急救电话。 如发现晕厥时病员面色潮红、呼吸缓慢有鼾声，脉搏低于 40或高于 180，则可能是 心 脑 血管疾 病所致，应以速效救心丸含服，如果出现没有呼
46、吸和脉搏，就应立即做心肺复苏，及时拨打 120，以免贻误时机，造成严重后果。松解衣物冷敷喂茶水或糖水This paper mainly introduces the design of an intelligent temperature control system which realizes the function of temperature measurement and control by using single bus digital temperature sensor DS18B20 and single chip microcomputer. The core com
47、ponents of the system are AT89C51 microcontroller and DS18B20 temperature sensor.低血糖与中暑的鉴别 诱因：未进食或进食过少，体力消耗过多。 症状：心悸、手抖、出冷汗、面色苍白、四肢冰冷、麻木和无力，同时有头晕、烦躁、焦虑、注意力不集中和精神错乱等神经症状。继续发展，则出现剧烈头痛、言语模糊不清、答非所问、反应迟钝、眼前发黑、视物不清、甚至昏迷。低血糖 诱因：烈日下暴晒、高温环境下重体力劳作 症状：发热、乏力、皮肤灼热、头晕、恶心、呕吐、胸闷；烦躁不安、脉搏细速、血压下降；重症病例可有头痛剧烈、昏厥、昏迷、痉挛。中暑
