1、土木工程给水排水英文文献及翻译-英语论文土木工程给水排水英文文献及翻译Building drainage of water-saving techniquesWith peoples quality of life，the quality and quantity of water are constantly expanding. Implement sustainable water use and protection of water resources from destruction. And access to healthy water, recycling of water,
2、 has become the government and the broad masses of the people the focus of attention. All this gave to the construction of drainage works on the design of the many new requirements, water supply advanced technology of the urgent need to accelerate the pace. This paper will explore more of the buildi
3、ng for drainage of water-saving technology; we hope to arouse the awareness of water conservation to build water-saving city efforts.Construction of a water-saving project, in addition to the water saving should formulate laws and regulations to strengthen the management and day-to-day publicity and
4、 education use price leverage to promote water conservation work, but also take effective measures, to ensure that the construction of water-saving work carried out in-depth and comprehensive. We are aware that the water supply networks coverage, the extension of transmission mains and the construct
5、ion of the building because arising from the difference in height, will be used to increase the water pressure before the end of ways to protect the most disadvantaged water points will be adequate water supply, This will be a large number of regional supply of high pressure water supply is. Therefo
6、re accessories before the water hydrostatic head greater than outflow, the flow was greater than the rated flow capacity. Beyond the rated flow capacity of that part of the normal flow did not have the use efficiency is a waste of water. As a result of this water is being wasted is not easy to detec
7、t and understand, it could be called a “stealth“ wasting water. It has been in a different type of floor, the building 67 water distribution points so the overpressure from the measured flow analysis, Statistical results are 55% of the iron spiral movements - taps (hereinafter referred to as “ordina
8、ry water“) and 61% of the ceramic valve - leading the flow of water-saving more than their rated flow, the super-flow pressure from the state. Two endings the largest flow out of the rated flow capacity of about three times 1. This shows that in our existing buildings, water supply system overpressu
9、re out-flow phenomenon is widespread and it is a fairly serious. In distribution point pressureAs overpressure flow out of the “invisible“ water is not wasted paid enough attention to, So in our existing “building water supply and drainage design“ and “construction water supply and drainage design G
10、BJ15-20 00 draft “(hereinafter referred to as“ draft “), although the water accessories and home support the greatest pressure certain restrictive provisions in 2, but this is only to prevent water from the high pressure parts will lead to damage to the point of consideration, not prevent excess pre
11、ssure from the out-flow point of view, the pressure is too lenient restrictions on the flow overpressure no fundamental role. Therefore, in accordance with the water supply system overpressure flow from the actual situation, the pressure on the water supply system to make reasonable limit. 1.2 measu
12、res taken decompression Water supply system in a reasonable allocation of decompression device is to control pressure within the limits required to reduce excess pressure from the flow of technical support.1.2.1 Jangled nerves Relief valve is a good decompression device, can be divided into proporti
13、onal (lower left) of direct action and the type (Photo) The former is based on the ratio of the area to determine the proportion of decompression, which can be set under pressure prior decompression, When the water-stop water, you can also be controlling the vacuum tube pressure is not increased, De
14、compression can achieve dynamic can achieve static decompression.1.2.2 Decompression orifice and conserving Cypriots1106土木工程给水排水英文文献及翻译Orifice decompression compared with jangled nerves example, the system is relatively simple, less investment, easy management. The practice of some units, water-savi
15、ng effects are fairly obvious, If Shanghai Jiao tong University in the school bathroom water pipe installation aperture of 5 mm orifice, water-saving about 43%. But decompression orifice only by the dynamic pressure, static pressure can be reduced and the pressure downstream with the upstream pressu
16、re and the flow is changed, is not stable enough. In addition, the vacuum orifice plug easy. In better water quality and water pressure more stable, by using 3. Cutting expenditure and the role of Cypriot advantages and decompression orifice basically are the same. Suitable for the small diameter an
17、d accessories installed to use 3. 1.3 adopt water-saving leading A trial showed that the leading Practical water-saving taps and the general state of the full, flow out of the former than the latter out of the flow. That is the same pressure, the leading water conservation has good water saving, wat
18、er-saving volume in 20% 30% between. And the higher the pressure ordinary tap water from the larger, water-saving is leading the greater the volume of water-saving. Therefore, should the building (especially in the standard water pressure in water distribution points) leading installation of water-s
19、aving, reduce water wastage. In 1999 the Ministry of Construction, State Economic and Trade Commission, State Bureau of Building materials apparatuses jointly issued a document “on the elimination of residential buildings behind the products notified“ require large and medium-sized cities in new res
20、idential prohibit the use of helical-style cast iron nozzle movements, actively adopt “ceramic cartridge faucets“ and “common faucet technical conditions of the ceramic cartridge faucets 4. Since the main building of our school building earlier in the toilet faucet is still an ordinary spiral moveme
21、nt - iron taps. We have often seen leading loosening and tightening the leading difficulty caused by the leakage phenomenon. In fact, there is such a faucet overpressure caused by the “invisible“ huge waste of water. Schools should arouse the concern of the relevant departments, from the long-term i
22、nterests for the use of water-saving new leader, reduce unnecessary losses. 2 vigorously develop the construction of water facilities, “watercourse.“ As the name suggests is not delivered on the waterways clean water is not sullied by sewage contamination. Residents put a wash, bathing, washing clot
23、hes and other water washing and flushing water together, after CO., filtration and disinfection, Sterilization, which imported waterway network, for toilet flushing, washing cars, and pouring green, onto the road and other non-drinking purposes. China therefore waterway is also known as miscellaneou
24、s water Road. With a watercourse which cubic meters of water, equivalent to the use of one cubic meters of clean water, emit less nearly a cubic meter of sewage and kill two birds with one stone. Water-saving achieved nearly 50% 3. Therefore, the channel has many of the worlds water shortage in citi
25、es used extensively.2.1 full use washing wastewater and other quality miscellaneous drainage The existing water facilities built in most hotels, colleges, and the basic source for the bathroom bathing wastewater. For some small units, smaller than bathing wastewater, and discharge time is too concen
26、trated, Water facilities are not stable and adequate source of water. And washing with water wastewater, the use of time more evenly, water treatment and the advantages of relatively good, as a water source, to be fully exploited.2.2 Develop and implement as soon as possible the return to the new wa
27、ter quality standards The current construction of water reused implementation of the existing “life miscellaneous water quality standards.” The total coli form standards and the requirements of “sanitary standard for drinking water,“ the same, compared to the developed countries and the Chinese wate
28、r standards apply to the swim-minus III also strict standards. This has led to two problems: First, many of the existing water works is less than the standard; 2 are fulfilled with a certain degree of difficulty, improve the water project investment and processing cost. So should develop appropriate
29、 indicators of the value of water works to promote the spread 土木工程给水排水英文文献及翻译and popularize. Water Saving water is not limiting, or even prevents the water. But reasonable people to water, efficient use of water and not waste. As long as we pay attention to fit the familys bad habits, we will be abl
30、e to water-saving around 70% 3. Water and waste a lot of the habits, such as: flush toilets single wash cigarette butts and broken fine waste; to access a cup of cold water. Many people will not venting water; spend the potatoes, carrots after peeling, washing or after the optional vegetables; when
31、the water stopped (open access customers, answer the phone, change TV channels), not turning off the tap; During the suspension, forget turning off the tap; toilets, wash, brush, let the water has been flowing; Before sleep, go out, do not check the faucet; equipment leaks, not promptly repaired. Fr
32、om the following table, we can see in many parts of life as long as we interested to note that the conservation of water is very impressive. 3 to promote the use of water-saving devices In addition to the family of water-saving attention to cultivate good habits of water, using water-saving devices
33、is very important and also the most effective. Some people prefer laissez-faire, but also refused to replace water-saving devices, in fact, so much water is a long time down the uneconomical. Thus vigorously promote the use of water-saving devices is the construction of water-saving important ways a
34、nd means. 3.1Water-saving taps3.1.1 Water Saving leading Ceramics Currently most of the water-saving taps used Ceramics taps. Such taps compared with ordinary taps, water was typically up to 20% 30%; and other types of water-saving compared to the leading and cheap 3. Therefore, in the residential b
35、uildings of architectural vigorously promote the use of such water-saving lead. We taught the fifth floor of the dormitory building and are used by such leading. 3.1.2 Closed since delay taps Since the delay in the water taps closed after a certain time, shut down automatically to avoid Changliushui
36、 phenomenon. Water timing to be in a certain range adjustment, both for the convenience of Health has complied with the water-saving requirements suitable for washing in public places with.3.1.3 Photoelectric controlled taps Closed since the delay of water-saving taps but water while fixed time and
37、meet the different requirements of the use of the object. Photoelectric controlled taps will be able to overcome the above drawbacks, such as the latest one of the type of infrared device control wash, The first installation will be self-inspection of the device in front of or below the fixed reflec
38、tors (for example, vanity) and based on the reflectors adjust their distance from work to avoid the past because of automatic water obstacles closer to the front of regular water, Such intelligent device can wash your hands although below action without washing their hands without water. a long time
39、 will wash water and do not have long-term can also regularly flush Water Seal failure to avoid a supply shortage ahead of the police 3. 3.2The total water-saving flush 3.2.1 Use of small volume cisterns commode China is promoting the use of water tanks 6 L fecal water-saving devices, and have flush
40、ing water to 4.5 L or even less, stood on the stool available. However, we should also pay attention to the drainage system to ensure the normal work of the use of small volume cisterns commode, otherwise they will be brought to plug the pipeline, not a net wash, and other issues. Two respectively f
41、lushing cisterns in urine, flushing water for 4 L (or less); Washing stool, Chong stood at 9 L (or less) 3. (Map is a two-valve I-Yuan annually to the water tanks, to open the stool below the drain urine when opened above the drain Pictured left is the two-block cisterns switch several forms) Israel
42、s construction regulations require all new buildings to install two respectively wash cisterns. China should also vigorously promoted two respectively cisterns, because one day, the number is far higher than the urine stool frequency. To three homes as an example, per person per day for a meeting of
43、 feces, urine four times and the use of existing water tanks L 9, day to 135 L of water; 6 L of water use, 90 L of water a day;土木工程给水排水英文文献及翻译and the use of cisterns two respectively, 75 L of water a day, can be seen using two respectively cisterns 9 L 6 L than using more water-saving cisterns 3. 6
44、L Yuan annually to the use of water-saving cisterns better results. The use of tanks in two trances another advantage is not right and the replacement of the total drainage system to carry out reform therefore particularly applicable to existing buildings the total replacement of water tanks. 3.2.2-
45、washing Urinal The United States launched the Urinal-washing, which is not water, the stench from the toilets without using utensils, In fact, only in one end Urinal add special “trap“ devices, but because the economic, health, water effectively, So popular station.3.2.3Photoelectric control Urinal
46、Urinal photoelectric controls in a number of public buildings installations. 3.2.4 Delayed flushing valve closed It is the use of guide-work principle, water officials directly connected with the water pressure high enough circumstances, can protect the instantaneous flushing commode needs to replac
47、e tanks and accessories, installation is simple and easy to use, health, low prices, Water-saving effect of the obvious characteristics 3. We carpentry center is used for such cleaning.3.3 in hot water systems installed in various forms of water-saving devicesIf installed in public bathrooms limited
48、 flow orifice, in the cold, hot water imported pressure balance between the installation of equipment; Installation of low-flow plumbing. Inflatable hot water thermostat and cooling, hot water mixed hydrants. 3.4 to further develop various forms of water-saving devices 3.4.1 Development of different
49、 water taps out Some countries, in different places with different water out of taps, Singapore provides water for washing vegetables pots 6 L / min, shower water 9 L / min; Chinas Taiwan Province launched the spray-wash special taps, the flow was 1 L / min. In China, various taps most of the rated flow capacity of 0.2 L / s, that is 12 L / min, excessive 4. Therefore be reasonable to develop taps the rated flow, and gradually installed in different places different from water taps.3.4.2 Vacuum water-saving techniques To ensure that san
